Guidelines Summary
Specific treatment regimens are dictated by the most current therapeutic protocols available for the treatment of medulloblastoma. In North America, the standard of care generally follows treatment regimens from the Children’s Oncology Group.
In the United Kingdom, the Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre produced the Diagnosis of Brain Tumours in Children guideline, which was accredited by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. A summary of the guideline for healthcare professionals covers diagnosis, presenting symptoms of brain tumors in children by subspecialty, and when to refer for further assessment, imaging, or treatment. [10]
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MRI showing a medulloblastoma of the cerebellum.
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Section displaying Homer-Wright rosettes and pseudorosettes of a medulloblastoma.
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This section displays a typical medulloblastoma, composed of undifferentiated cells with deeply basophilic nuclei of variable size and shape and little discernible cytoplasm.
Tables
Tumor Stage |
|
T1 |
tumor < 3 cm in diameter |
T2 |
tumor ≥3 cm in diameter |
T3a |
tumor >3 cm and with extension into Aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen of Luschka |
T3b |
tumor >3 cm and with unequivocal extension into brainstem |
T4 |
tumor >3 cm with extension past Aqueduct of Sylvius or down past foramen magnum |
Metastases Stage |
|
M0 |
no evidence of gross subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis |
M1 |
microscopic tumors cells found in CSF |
M2 |
gross nodular seeding intracranially beyond the primary site (in cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in third or lateral ventricle) |
M3 |
gross nodular seeding in spinal subarachnoid space |
M4 |
metastasis outside cerebrospinal axis |
