Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
tablet
- 15mg
- 30mg
- 45mg
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Indicated as monotherapy or with insulin or insulin secretagogues
15-30 mg PO with meal qDay initial; may increase dose by 15 mg with careful monitoring to 45 mg qDay maximum
Monitor ALT at start of treatment, qMonth for 12 months, q3Months thereafter
Dosage Modification
Coadministration with insulin secretagogue (eg, sulfonylurea): Decrease insulin secretagogue dose
Coadministration with insulin: Decrease insulin dose by 10-25%
Coadministration with strong CYP2C8 inhibitors (eg, gemfibrozil): Limit maximum pioglitazone dose to 15 mg qDay
X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (Orphan)
Hydroxypioglitazone: Orphan designation for treatment of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Sponsor
- Minoryx Therapeutics S.L.; TecnoCampus Mataro-Maresme. TCM3 602, Av. Ernest Lluch, 32; Mataró, Spain
Hearing Loss (Orphan)
Orphan designation for treatment of sudden sensorinueural hearing loss
Sponsor
- Strekin AG; 60C Hochbergerstrasse; Basel, Switzerland
Not recommended
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (0)
Serious - Use Alternative (7)
- baricitinib
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of baricitinib by decreasing elimination. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of baricitinib with strong organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) inhibitors is not recommended.
- eluxadoline
pioglitazone increases levels of eluxadoline by decreasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Decrease eluxadoline dose to 75 mg PO BID if coadministered with OATP1B1 inhibitors. .
- ethanol
ethanol, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Excessive EtOH consumption may alter glycemic control. Some sulfonylureas may produce a disulfiram like rxn.
- gemfibrozil
gemfibrozil will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by decreasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- pacritinib
pioglitazone will decrease the level or effect of pacritinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- tucatinib
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of tucatinib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of tucatinib (a CYP2C8 substrate) with a strong or moderate CYP2C8 inhibitors increases tucatinib plasma concentrations and risk of toxicities.
- zavegepant intranasal
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of zavegepant intranasal by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. NTCP inhibitors may result in a significant increase in systemic exposure of zavegepant (a NTCP substrate).
Monitor Closely (94)
- albiglutide
albiglutide, pioglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
- aripiprazole
aripiprazole, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- asenapine
asenapine, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- atogepant
pioglitazone will decrease the level or effect of atogepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- atorvastatin
pioglitazone increases toxicity of atorvastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase risk of myopathy.
- axitinib
pioglitazone decreases levels of axitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- bexarotene
bexarotene increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Based on the mechanism of action, bexarotene capsules may increase the action of insulin enhancing agents, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia has not been associated with bexarotene monotherapy.
- bitter melon
bitter melon increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- cannabidiol
cannabidiol will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by decreasing metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Cannabidiol may potentially inhibit CYP2C8 activity. Consider reducing the dose when concomitantly using CYP2C8 substrates.
- carbamazepine
carbamazepine will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cholic acid
pioglitazone increases toxicity of cholic acid by decreasing elimination. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concomitant use of inhibitors of the bile salt efflux pump (BSEP). May exacerbate accumulation of conjugated bile salts in the liver and result in clinical symptoms. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor serum transaminases and bilirubin.
- cimetidine
cimetidine will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cinnamon
cinnamon increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.
- ciprofloxacin
ciprofloxacin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hyper and hypoglycemia have been reported in patients treated concomitantly with quinolones and antidiabetic agents. Careful monitoring of blood glucose is recommended.
- clarithromycin
clarithromycin will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clozapine
clozapine, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- dienogest/estradiol valerate
pioglitazone will decrease the level or effect of dienogest/estradiol valerate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Advise women to use alternative method of contraception or back-up method when moderate or weak enzyme inducer is used with combination contraceptives. Back-up contraception should be continued for 28 days after discontinuing medication to ensure contraceptive reliability.
- diltiazem
diltiazem will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dulaglutide
dulaglutide, pioglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- erythromycin base
erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- erythromycin ethylsuccinate
erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- erythromycin lactobionate
erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- erythromycin stearate
erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ethinylestradiol
pioglitazone decreases levels of ethinylestradiol by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- exenatide injectable solution
exenatide injectable solution, pioglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
- exenatide injectable suspension
exenatide injectable suspension, pioglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
- fleroxacin
fleroxacin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- fluvastatin
pioglitazone increases toxicity of fluvastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase risk of myopathy.
- gemifloxacin
gemifloxacin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- glecaprevir/pibrentasvir
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution when coadministering glecaprevir/pibrentasvir with OATP1B1/OATP1B3 inhibitors
- ifosfamide
pioglitazone increases toxicity of ifosfamide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the metabolism of ifosfamide to its active alkylating metabolites. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the formation of the neurotoxic/nephrotoxic ifosfamide metabolite, chloroacetaldehyde. Closely monitor patients taking ifosfamide with CYP3A4 inducers for toxicities and consider dose adjustment.
- iloperidone
iloperidone, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- insulin aspart
insulin aspart increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart
pioglitazone, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin degludec
pioglitazone, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin degludec/insulin aspart
pioglitazone, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin detemir
insulin detemir increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin detemir. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - insulin glargine
insulin glargine increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin glargine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - insulin glulisine
insulin glulisine increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - insulin inhaled
pioglitazone, insulin inhaled. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin isophane human/insulin regular human
pioglitazone, insulin isophane human/insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin lispro
insulin lispro increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro
pioglitazone, insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin NPH
insulin NPH increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - insulin regular human
insulin regular human increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - isavuconazonium sulfate
pioglitazone will decrease the level or effect of isavuconazonium sulfate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketoconazole
ketoconazole will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketotifen, ophthalmic
ketotifen, ophthalmic, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may result in thrombocytopenia (rare). Monitor CBC.
- letermovir
letermovir, pioglitazone. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadminstration of letermovir, an OATP1B1/3 substrate, with OATP1B1/3 inhibitors may increase letermovir plasma concentrations. Monitor glucose levels.
- levofloxacin
levofloxacin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- levoketoconazole
levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- linagliptin
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of linagliptin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of alternative treatments is strongly recommended when linagliptin is to be administered with a CYP3A4 inducer
- liraglutide
liraglutide, pioglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
- lonapegsomatropin
lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of pioglitazone by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.
- lurasidone
lurasidone, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- marijuana
marijuana decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mavacamten
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of mavacamten by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Inititiation of weak CYP2C19 inhibitors may require decreased mavacamten dose.
- mecasermin
mecasermin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypoglycemic effects.
- mifepristone
mifepristone will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Inhibits CYP2C8/2C9; use smallest recommended doses for substrates and monitor
- mipomersen
mipomersen, pioglitazone. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Both drugs have potential to increase hepatic enzymes; monitor LFTs.
- moxifloxacin
moxifloxacin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- nefazodone
nefazodone will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- olanzapine
olanzapine, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- omaveloxolone
omaveloxolone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Omaveloxolone may reduce systemic exposure of sensitive CYP2C8 substrates. Check prescribing information of substrate if dosage modification is needed.
- opuntia ficus indica
opuntia ficus indica increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- paclitaxel
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of paclitaxel by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Paclitaxel levels/toxicity may increase when coadministered with CYP2C8 inhibitors
- paclitaxel protein bound
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of paclitaxel protein bound by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Paclitaxel levels/toxicity may increase when coadministered with CYP2C8 inhibitors
- paliperidone
paliperidone, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- pitavastatin
pioglitazone increases toxicity of pitavastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase risk of myopathy.
- ponatinib
pioglitazone increases toxicity of ponatinib by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase risk of myopathy.
- pravastatin
pioglitazone increases toxicity of pravastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase risk of myopathy.
- quetiapine
quetiapine, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- rifabutin
rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifampin
rifampin will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- risperidone
risperidone, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- rosuvastatin
pioglitazone increases toxicity of rosuvastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase risk of myopathy.
- sacubitril/valsartan
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of sacubitril/valsartan by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. The results from an in vitro study with human liver tissue indicate that valsartan is a substrate of the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1; coadministration with OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase valsartan systemic exposure
- selexipag
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of selexipag by decreasing metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Reduce selexipag dose to once daily if coadministered with moderate CYP2C8 inhibitors.
- shark cartilage
shark cartilage increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Theoretical interaction.
- simvastatin
pioglitazone increases toxicity of simvastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase risk of myopathy.
- somapacitan
somapacitan decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .
- St John's Wort
St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- stiripentol
stiripentol will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Stiripentol is a CYP2C8 inhibitor. Consider dosage reduction for CYP2C8 substrates if adverse effects are experienced when coadministered.
- sulfamethoxypyridazine
sulfamethoxypyridazine increases effects of pioglitazone by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- tazemetostat
pioglitazone will decrease the level or effect of tazemetostat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tecovirimat
tecovirimat will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Tecovirimat is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C8 and CYP2C19. Monitor for adverse effects if coadministered with substrates of these enzymes. Monitor blood glucose and monitor for hypoglycemic symptoms.
- teriflunomide
teriflunomide increases levels of pioglitazone by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Teriflunomide inhibits CYP2C8; caution when coadministered with CYP2C8 substrates.
- tipranavir
tipranavir, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Tipranavir's effect on oral hypoglycemics via hepatic CYP2C9 unknown; carefully monitor blood glucose.
- triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension
triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.
- ubrogepant
pioglitazone will decrease the level or effect of ubrogepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Dose adjustment is recommended with concomitant use of ubrogepant and moderate and weak CYP3A4 inducers. (see Dosage Modifications)
- valsartan
pioglitazone will increase the level or effect of valsartan by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. The results from an in vitro study with human liver tissue indicate that valsartan is a substrate of the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1; coadministration with OATP1B1 inhibitors may increase valsartan systemic exposure
- xipamide
xipamide decreases levels of pioglitazone by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ziprasidone
ziprasidone, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
Minor (117)
- agrimony
agrimony increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- American ginseng
American ginseng increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amitriptyline
amitriptyline increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amobarbital
amobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amoxapine
amoxapine increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- anamu
anamu increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- aprepitant
aprepitant will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- armodafinil
armodafinil will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- artemether/lumefantrine
artemether/lumefantrine will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- atazanavir
atazanavir will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- bendroflumethiazide
bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- bosentan
bosentan will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- budesonide
budesonide will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
budesonide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - butabarbital
butabarbital will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- butalbital
butalbital will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- chlorothiazide
chlorothiazide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- chlorthalidone
chlorthalidone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- chromium
chromium increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clomipramine
clomipramine increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clonidine
clonidine decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.
clonidine, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production. - conivaptan
conivaptan will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- cornsilk
cornsilk increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- cortisone
cortisone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
cortisone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - cyclopenthiazide
cyclopenthiazide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- damiana
damiana decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- danazol
danazol increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- darifenacin
darifenacin will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- darunavir
darunavir will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dasatinib
dasatinib will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- deferasirox
deferasirox will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- deflazacort
deflazacort decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- desipramine
desipramine increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- devil's claw
devil's claw increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dexamethasone
dexamethasone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
dexamethasone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - DHEA, herbal
DHEA, herbal will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- doxepin
doxepin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dronedarone
dronedarone will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- efavirenz
efavirenz will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- elderberry
elderberry increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (in vitro research).
- eslicarbazepine acetate
eslicarbazepine acetate will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- etravirine
etravirine will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- eucalyptus
eucalyptus increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- fluconazole
fluconazole will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fludrocortisone
fludrocortisone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
fludrocortisone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - fluoxymesterone
fluoxymesterone increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fo-ti
fo-ti increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- forskolin
forskolin increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Colenol, a compound found in Coleus root, may stimulate insulin release.
- fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- gotu kola
gotu kola increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- grapefruit
grapefruit will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- griseofulvin
griseofulvin will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- guanfacine
guanfacine decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.
guanfacine, pioglitazone. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production. - gymnema
gymnema increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- horse chestnut seed
horse chestnut seed increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- hydrochlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
hydrocortisone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - imipramine
imipramine increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- indapamide
indapamide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- indinavir
indinavir will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- isoniazid
isoniazid will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
isoniazid decreases effects of pioglitazone by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - juniper
juniper increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- lofepramine
lofepramine increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lumefantrine
lumefantrine will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lycopus
lycopus increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- maitake
maitake increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (animal research).
- maprotiline
maprotiline increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- marijuana
marijuana will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- mesterolone
mesterolone increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- mestranol
pioglitazone decreases levels of mestranol by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- methyclothiazide
methyclothiazide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- methylprednisolone
methylprednisolone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
methylprednisolone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - methyltestosterone
methyltestosterone increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- metolazone
metolazone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- metronidazole
metronidazole will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- miconazole vaginal
miconazole vaginal will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nelfinavir
nelfinavir will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nettle
nettle increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- nevirapine
nevirapine will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nifedipine
nifedipine will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nilotinib
nilotinib will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nortriptyline
nortriptyline increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin, pioglitazone. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential dysglycemia.
- oxandrolone
oxandrolone increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- oxcarbazepine
oxcarbazepine will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- oxymetholone
oxymetholone increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pegvisomant
pegvisomant increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pentobarbital
pentobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- phenobarbital
phenobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- phenytoin
phenytoin will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- posaconazole
posaconazole will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- potassium acid phosphate
potassium acid phosphate increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium chloride
potassium chloride increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium citrate
potassium citrate increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- prednisolone
prednisolone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- prednisone
prednisone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
prednisone decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. - primidone
primidone will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- protriptyline
protriptyline increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- quinupristin/dalfopristin
quinupristin/dalfopristin will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- rifapentine
rifapentine will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- ritonavir
ritonavir will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- rufinamide
rufinamide will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sage
sage increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- secobarbital
secobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- stevia
stevia increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone
testosterone increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone buccal system
testosterone buccal system increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone topical
testosterone topical increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- tongkat ali
tongkat ali increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- topiramate
topiramate will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- trazodone
trazodone increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- trimipramine
trimipramine increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- vanadium
vanadium increases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- verapamil
verapamil will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- voriconazole
voriconazole will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- zafirlukast
zafirlukast will increase the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
Adverse Effects
>10%
Edema when used in combination with sulfonylurea or insulin (<27%)
Hypoglycemia (<27%)
Upper respiratory infection (13%)
1-10%
Headache (9%)
Heart failure (up to 8%)
Sinusitis (6%)
Fracture of bone (5%)
Pharyngitis (5%)
Myalgia (5%)
Frequency Not Defined
Aggravated diabetes
Diabetic macular edema
Hepatic failure (rare)
Increased cholesterol
Decreased serum triglycerides
Hematocrit/hemoglobin
Bladder cancer
Decreased visual acuity
Dyspnea
Increased transaminases
Pharyngitis
Sinusitis
Weight gain
Warnings
Black Box Warnings
Thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, cause or exacerbate congestive heart failure in some patients
After initiation of these drugs, as well as after dose increases, observe patients carefully for signs and symptoms of heart failure (including excessive, rapid weight gain; dyspnea; and/or edema); if these signs or symptoms develop, the heart failure should be managed according to the current standards of care; furthermore, discontinuation or dose reduction of these drugs must be considered.
These drugs are not recommended for patients with symptomatic heart failure; initiation of these drugs in patients with established NYHA class III or IV heart failure is contraindicated
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to pioglitazone
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Moderate-severe hepatic impairment (ALT >2.5x ULN)
CHF (NYHA class III, IV)
Cautions
Do initiate treatment in patients with active liver disease who have ALT levels >2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); if ALT >3 times the ULN, stop treatment; if ALT is 1.5-3 times the ULN, retest qWeek until normal or until it reaches 3 times the ULN and treatment must be discontinued
Not recommended for patients with symptomatic heart failure; may cause or exacerbate congestive heart failure in some patients; monitor patients carefully after initiating therapy; observe for signs and symptoms of heart failure; if signs and symptoms develop, manage heart failure according to current standards of care; consider discontinuing therapy or reducing the dose
New onset or exacerbation of existing edema and dyspnea reported
Macular edema reported; patients should be seen by an ophthalmologist if any visual symptoms arise during therapy; all diabetic patients should have regular eye exams
Delayed related weight gain reported with use; likely associated with fluid retention and fat accumulation
Thiazolidinediones, which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, can cause dose-related fluid retention, particularly when used in combination with insulin
Risk of hypoglycemia, in combination with insulin or other oral agents
May result in ovulation in some premenopausal, anovulatory women; ensure adequate contraception
May decrease hemoglobin/hematocrit
Increased fracture risk in females
Use with caution in premenopausal/anovulatory females (patient may resume ovulation and increase the risk of pregnancy)
Discuss potential for unintended pregnancy with premenopausal women as therapy with pioglitazone, like other thiazolidinediones, may result in ovulation in some anovulatory women
Increased risk of CHF; not recommended in symptomatic heart failure
Cancer risk
Bladder cancer
- Pioglitazone may be linked to an increased risk of bladder cancer
- Do not prescribe for patients with active bladder cancer
- Consider benefit:risk ratio before prescribing in patients with a history of bladder cancer
- Instruct patients to contact their physician if signs of bladder cancer observed after initiating therapy (eg, blood or red colored urine, new or worsening urinary urgency, pain on urination)
Prostate cancer
- 7/22/2015: Compared with nonuse, pioglitazone use was associated with increased risk for prostate cancer (453.3 vs. 449.3 per 100,000 person-years) [JAMA 2015 July 21;314(3):265-277]
Pancreatic cancer
- 7/22/2015: Compared with nonuse, pioglitazone use was associated with increased risk for pancreatic cancer (81.1 vs. 48.4 per 100,000 person-years)
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Limited data with pioglitazone in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine a drug- associated risk for major birth defects or miscarriage; there are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy; poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, still birth and delivery complications; poorly controlled diabetes increases fetal risk for major birth defects, still birth, and macrosomia related morbidity
Lactation: There is no information regarding the presence of pioglitazone in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production; the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for pioglitazone and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from pioglitazone or from the underlying maternal condition
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Improves target-cell response to insulin; decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis; depends on the presence of insulin for activity
Absorption
Onset: Initial effect (delayed), max effect (several weeks)
Duration: 24 hr
Peak plasma time: 2-4 hr (delayed by food)
Distribution
Protein bound: >99%
Vd: 0.63 L/kg
Metabolism
Metabolized by hepatic CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 into active metabolites
Active metabolites: Metabolite II (hydroxy derivative), metabolite III (keto derivative), metabolite IV (active hydroxy derivative)
Elimination
Half-life: 3-7 hr
Excretion: Urine (15-30%)
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actos oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| Actos oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| Actos oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet | | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet | | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 15 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 45 mg tablet |  | |
| pioglitazone oral - | 30 mg tablet |  |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
pioglitazone oral
PIOGLITAZONE - ORAL
(PYE-oh-GLI-ta-zone)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Actos
WARNING: Pioglitazone may rarely cause or worsen a certain heart problem (heart failure). Tell your doctor right away if you notice any symptoms of heart failure, including: shortness of breath, swelling ankles/feet, unusual tiredness, unusual/sudden weight gain.This medication is not recommended for people with certain types of heart failure. Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you have heart failure.
USES: Pioglitazone is a diabetes drug (thiazolidinedione-type, also called "glitazones") used along with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. It works by helping to restore your body's proper response to insulin, thereby lowering your blood sugar.Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke.Pioglitazone is used either alone or in combination with other diabetes medications (such as metformin or a sulfonylurea such as glyburide).Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of pioglitazone.
HOW TO USE: Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start using pioglitazone and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. Dosage is based on your medical condition, response to treatment, and if you are taking other diabetes drugs. Your doctor will adjust your dose based on your blood sugar to find the best dose for you. Follow your doctor's directions carefully.Take this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Remember to use it at the same time each day.If you are already taking another diabetes drug (such as metformin or a sulfonylurea), follow your doctor's directions carefully for stopping/continuing the old drug and starting this medication. Carefully follow the medication treatment plan, meal plan, and exercise program your doctor has recommended.Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Keep track of the results, and share them with your doctor. Tell your doctor if your blood sugar measurements are too high or too low. Your dosage/treatment may need to be changed. It may take up to 2 to 3 months before the full benefit of this drug takes effect.
SIDE EFFECTS: See also Warning section.Sore throat, muscle pain, weight gain, or tooth problems may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: new/worsening vision problems (such as blurred vision), bone fracture, reddish-colored urine, urgent need to urinate, pain while urinating.Pioglitazone may rarely cause liver disease. Tell your doctor right away if you develop symptoms of liver disease, including: nausea/vomiting that doesn't stop, dark urine, yellowing of eyes/skin, stomach/abdominal pain.Pioglitazone does not usually cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Low blood sugar may occur if this drug is prescribed with other diabetes medications (such as insulin or a sulfonylurea). Low blood sugar is more likely if you drink large amounts of alcohol, do unusually heavy exercise, or do not consume enough calories from food. To help prevent low blood sugar, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to find out what you should do if you miss a meal.Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, rapidly raise your blood sugar by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink fruit juice or non-diet soda. Tell your doctor right away about the reaction and the use of this product.Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) include thirst, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, flushing, rapid breathing, or fruity breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away. Your dosage may need to be increased.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before taking pioglitazone, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: heart disease (such as congestive heart failure, chest pain), liver disease, fluid in your lungs, swelling (edema), anemia, a certain eye problem (macular edema), bladder cancer.You may experience blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness due to extremely low or high blood sugar. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.Limit alcohol while taking this medication because it can increase the risk of developing low blood sugar.It may be harder to control your blood sugar when your body is stressed (such as due to fever, infection, injury, or surgery). Consult your doctor because increased stress may require a change in your treatment plan, medications, or blood sugar testing.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Pioglitazone may increase the risk of bone fracture in women (usually in the upper arm, hand, or foot). See also Notes section.Pioglitazone can cause changes in the menstrual cycle (promote ovulation) and increase the risk of becoming pregnant. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about the use of reliable birth control while using this medication.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Your doctor may substitute insulin for this drug during your pregnancy. Follow all instructions carefully.It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Other medications can affect the removal of pioglitazone from your body, which may affect how pioglitazone works. Examples include gemfibrozil, rifamycins including rifampin, among others.Beta-blocker medications (such as metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast/pounding heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar, such as dizziness, hunger, or sweating, are unaffected by these drugs.Many drugs can affect your blood sugar, making it harder to control. Before you start, stop, or change any medication, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how the medication may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor. Tell your doctor right away if you have symptoms of high or low blood sugar. (See also Side Effects section.) Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Attend a diabetes education program to learn more about how to manage your diabetes with medications, diet, exercise, and regular medical exams.Learn the symptoms of high and low blood sugar and how to treat low blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor.Lifestyle changes that help promote healthy bones include increasing weight-bearing exercise, eating well-balanced meals containing adequate calcium and vitamin D, stopping smoking, and limiting alcohol. Consult your doctor to see if you need to take calcium/vitamin D supplements and discuss lifestyle changes that might benefit you.Lab and/or medical tests (such as liver function tests, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood counts, eye exams) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments.
MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Use your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).
Information last revised May 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
Formulary
Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.
Adding plans allows you to:
- View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
- Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
- Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
- Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.
