aspirin/dipyridamole (Rx)

Stroke

Secondary prophylaxis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

1 capsule PO q12hr

Dosing considerations

• Not interchangeable with individual components of aspirin/dipyridamole
• Intolerable headaches during initial treatment: Switch to 1 capsule PO at bedtime; patient should return to normal regimen when possible (usually 1 week)

Dosing Modifications

GFR <10 mL/min: Use not recommended

Administration

Swallow capsules whole, without chewing

Safety and efficacy not established

Contraindicated (5)

• abrocitinib

  abrocitinib and dipyridamole both increase anticoagulation. Contraindicated. Antiplatelet drugs, except for low-dose aspirin (=81 mg qDay), during the first 3 months of treatment are contraindicated.
  
  abrocitinib and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Contraindicated. Antiplatelet drugs, except for low-dose aspirin (=81 mg qDay), during the first 3 months of treatment are contraindicated.

• dichlorphenamide

  dichlorphenamide increases levels of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of dichlorphenamide with high-dose aspirin may increase salicylate levels. Anorexia, tachypnea, lethargy, and coma reported.

• riociguat

  dipyridamole, riociguat. Either increases effects of the other by additive vasodilation. Contraindicated. Coadministration of nonspecific PDE-5 inhibitors (eg, dipyridamole, theophylline) and guanylate cyclase stimulators (eg, riociguat) is contraindicated due to risk of additive hypotension.

• mifepristone

  aspirin, mifepristone. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Aspirin induced antiplatelet activity may induce excessive bleeding after an abortion w/mifepristone (RU 486).

• theophylline

  theophylline decreases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. May produce false negative results in dipyridamole thallium imaging tests. Separate by 24 hr.

Serious - Use Alternative (51)

• afatinib

  dipyridamole increases levels of afatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Reduce afatinib daily dose by 10 mg if not tolerated when coadministered with P-gp inhibitors.

• alpelisib

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of alpelisib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of alpelisib (BCRP substrate) with a BCRP inhibitor may increase alpelisib concentration, which may increase the risk of toxicities. If unable to avoid or use alternant drugs, closely monitor for increased adverse reactions.

• antithrombin alfa

  antithrombin alfa, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• antithrombin III

  antithrombin III, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• apixaban

  dipyridamole and apixaban both increase anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• argatroban

  argatroban, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• aspirin rectal

  aspirin rectal increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• benazepril

  aspirin, benazepril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• bivalirudin

  bivalirudin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• bosutinib

  dipyridamole increases levels of bosutinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• butalbital

  butalbital decreases levels of dipyridamole by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• caffeine

  caffeine decreases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

• captopril

  aspirin, captopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• dalteparin

  dalteparin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• darolutamide

  darolutamide will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Darolutamide is a BCRP inhibitor. Avoid coadministration with BCRP inhibitors. If use is unavoidable, closely monitor for adverse reactions and consider dose reduction of BCRP substrate drug (refer BCRP substrate prescribing information).

• edoxaban

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of edoxaban by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dose adjustment may be required with strong P-gp inhibitors. DVT/PE treatment: Decrease dose to 30 mg PO once daily. NVAF: No dose reduction recommended

• enalapril

  aspirin, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• enoxaparin

  enoxaparin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• fondaparinux

  fondaparinux, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• fosinopril

  aspirin, fosinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• heparin

  heparin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• ibuprofen

  ibuprofen decreases effects of aspirin by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Ibuprofen decreases the antiplatelet effects of low-dose aspirin by blocking the active site of platelet cyclooxygenase. Administer ibuprofen 8 h before aspirin or at least 2-4 h after aspirin. The effect of other NSAIDs on aspirin is not established.
  
  ibuprofen increases toxicity of aspirin by anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. increases risk of bleeding.

• ibuprofen IV

  ibuprofen IV increases toxicity of aspirin by anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. increases risk of bleeding.
  
  ibuprofen IV decreases effects of aspirin by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Ibuprofen decreases the antiplatelet effects of low-dose aspirin by blocking the active site of platelet cyclooxygenase. Administer ibuprofen 8 h before aspirin or at least 2-4 h after aspirin. The effect of other NSAIDs on aspirin is not established.

• ketorolac

  aspirin, ketorolac. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

• ketorolac intranasal

  aspirin, ketorolac intranasal. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

• lasmiditan

  lasmiditan increases levels of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Lasmiditan inhibits BCRP in vitro. Avoid coadministration of lasmiditan with BCRP substrates.

• lesinurad

  aspirin decreases effects of lesinurad by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Aspirin at doses >325 mg/day may decrease lesinurad efficacy. Aspirin doses 325 mg/day or less (ie, for cardiovascular event prophylaxis) does not decrease lesinurad efficacy and can be coadministered.

• lisinopril

  aspirin, lisinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• macimorelin

  aspirin, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that directly affect the pituitary secretion of growth hormone (GH) may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin. .

• measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live

  aspirin, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of Reye's Syndrome with combination; avoid salicylate use for 6 wks after vaccination.

• methotrexate

  aspirin increases levels of methotrexate by decreasing renal clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Caution should be exercised when salicylates are given in combination with methotrexate. Risk for drug interactions with methotrexate is greatest during high-dose methotrexate therapy, it has been recommended that any of these drugs be used cautiously with methotrexate even when methotrexate is used in low doses.

• mifepristone

  aspirin will decrease the level or effect of mifepristone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mitotane

  aspirin will decrease the level or effect of mitotane by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• moexipril

  aspirin, moexipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• ozanimod

  dipyridamole increases toxicity of ozanimod by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Coadministration of ozanimod (a BCRP substrate) with BCRP inhibitors increases the exposure of the minor (RP101988, RP101075) and major active metabolites (CC112273, CC1084037) of ozanimod, which may increase the risk of ozanimod adverse reactions. .

• pemetrexed

  aspirin increases levels of pemetrexed by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Interrupt dosing in all patients taking NSAIDs with long elimination half-lives for at least 5d before, the day of, and 2d following pemetrexed administration. If coadministration of an NSAID is necessary, closely monitor patients for toxicity, especially myelosuppression, renal toxicity, and GI toxicity.

• perindopril

  aspirin, perindopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• pomalidomide

  dipyridamole increases levels of pomalidomide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• probenecid

  aspirin decreases effects of probenecid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Aspirin decreases uricosuric action of probenecid.

• protamine

  protamine, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• quinapril

  aspirin, quinapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• ramipril

  aspirin, ramipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• regadenoson

  dipyridamole, regadenoson. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Contraindicated. Regadenoson's effects may be changed; mfr. recommends avoiding dipyridamole for 2 days prior to administration.

• rimegepant

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of rimegepant by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of rimegepant (a BCRP substrate) with inhibitors of BCRP.

• riociguat

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of riociguat by decreasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of riociguat (substrate of CYP isoenzymes 1A1, 2C8, 3A, 2J2) with strong CYP inhibitors may require a decreased initial dose of 0.5 mg PO TID; monitor for signs of hypotension and reduce dose if needed
  
  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of riociguat by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of riociguat (P-gp substrate) with strong P-gp inhibitors may require a decreased initial dose of 0.5 mg PO TID; monitor for signs of hypotension and reduce dose if needed

• talazoparib

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of talazoparib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. BCRP inhibitors may increase systemic exposure of talazoparib (a BCRP substrate). If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for potential adverse reactions.

• ticlopidine

  aspirin increases effects of ticlopidine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• topotecan

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of topotecan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Product labeling for PO topotecan recommends avoiding concomitant use of P-gp inhibitors; the interaction with IV topotecan may be less severe but is still likely of clinical significance

• trandolapril

  aspirin, trandolapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• varicella virus vaccine live

  aspirin, varicella virus vaccine live. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of Reye's Syndrome with combination; avoid salicylate use for 6 wks after vaccination.

• venetoclax

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of venetoclax by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If a P-gp inhibitor must be used, reduce the venetoclax dose by at least 50%. Monitor more closely for signs of venetoclax toxicities.

Monitor Closely (296)

• abciximab

  aspirin, abciximab. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• acalabrutinib

  acalabrutinib increases effects of aspirin by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of acalabrutinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase risk of hemorrhage. Monitor for signs of bleeding and consider the benefit-risk of withholding acalabrutinib for 3-7 days presurgery and postsurgery depending upon the type of surgery and the risk of bleeding.
  
  acalabrutinib increases levels of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Acalabrutinib may increase exposure to coadministered BCRP substrates by inhibition of intestinal BCRP.
  
  acalabrutinib increases effects of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of acalabrutinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase risk of hemorrhage. Monitor for signs of bleeding and consider the benefit-risk of withholding acalabrutinib for 3-7 days presurgery and postsurgery depending upon the type of surgery and the risk of bleeding.

• acebutolol

  acebutolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of acebutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• adenosine

  dipyridamole increases levels of adenosine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aceclofenac

  aceclofenac and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aceclofenac and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• acemetacin

  acemetacin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acemetacin and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• acetazolamide

  acetazolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.
  
  acetazolamide, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Use Caution/Monitor. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; risk of CNS toxicity. Salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• agrimony

  aspirin and agrimony both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• albuterol

  aspirin increases and albuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfalfa

  aspirin and alfalfa both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfuzosin

  aspirin decreases effects of alfuzosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aliskiren

  aspirin will decrease the level or effect of aliskiren by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, coadministration of NSAIDs with drugs that affect RAAS may increase the risk of renal impairment (including acute renal failure) and cause loss of antihypertensive effect. Monitor renal function periodically.

• alteplase

  aspirin, alteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• American ginseng

  aspirin and American ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amiloride

  amiloride and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• amoxicillin

  amoxicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  amoxicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ampicillin

  ampicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• anagrelide

  aspirin, anagrelide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; increases risk of bleeding; monitor closely.
  
  anagrelide, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; increases risk of bleeding; monitor closely.

• antithrombin alfa

  antithrombin alfa and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, antithrombin alfa. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• antithrombin III

  antithrombin III and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, antithrombin III. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• apalutamide

  apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of dipyridamole by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Apalutamide weakly induces BCRP and may decrease systemic exposure of drugs that are BCRP substrates.

• apixaban

  aspirin and apixaban both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspiriin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin. In 1 trial (APPRAISE-2), therapy was terminated because of significantly increased bleeding when apixaban was administered with dual antiplatelet therapy (eg, aspirin plus clopidogrel) compared with single antiplatelet treatment

• arformoterol

  aspirin increases and arformoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• argatroban

  argatroban and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, argatroban. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• asenapine

  aspirin decreases effects of asenapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aspirin

  aspirin, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• atenolol

  atenolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of atenolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• azficel-T

  azficel-T, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking aspirin may experience increased bruising or bleeding at biopsy and/or injection sites. Concomitant use of aspirin is not recommended. .
  
  azficel-T, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with anticoagulants or antiplatelets may increase bruising or bleeding at biopsy and/or injection sites; concomitant use not recommended. Decisions regarding continued use or cessation of anticoagulants or antiplatelets should be made by a physician.

• azilsartan

  aspirin, azilsartan. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of azilsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

• berotralstat

  dipyridamole increases levels of berotralstat by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Reduced dose of berotralstat (a BCRP substrate) to 110 mg/day when coadministered with BCRP inhibitors.

• bemiparin

  bemiparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• benazepril

  benazepril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• bendroflumethiazide

  aspirin increases and bendroflumethiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• betaxolol

  betaxolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of betaxolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• betrixaban

  dipyridamole increases levels of betrixaban by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Decrease betrixaban dose to 80 mg PO once, then 40 mg PO qDay if coadministered with a P-gp inhibitor.
  
  dipyridamole, betrixaban. Either increases levels of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin, betrixaban. Either increases levels of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bimatoprost

  bimatoprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• caplacizumab

  caplacizumab, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bisoprolol

  bisoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• bivalirudin

  bivalirudin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, bivalirudin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• brinzolamide

  brinzolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.

• bumetanide

  aspirin increases and bumetanide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• candesartan

  candesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of candesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  candesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• caplacizumab

  caplacizumab, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• captopril

  captopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• carbenoxolone

  aspirin increases and carbenoxolone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• carvedilol

  carvedilol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of carvedilol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• celecoxib

  aspirin and celecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and celecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• celiprolol

  celiprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of celiprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ceritinib

  dipyridamole increases levels of ceritinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• chlorothiazide

  aspirin increases and chlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• chlorpropamide

  aspirin increases effects of chlorpropamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• chlorthalidone

  aspirin increases and chlorthalidone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cholic acid

  dipyridamole increases toxicity of cholic acid by decreasing elimination. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concomitant use of inhibitors of the bile salt efflux pump (BSEP). May exacerbate accumulation of conjugated bile salts in the liver and result in clinical symptoms. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor serum transaminases and bilirubin.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  aspirin and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cilostazol

  aspirin, cilostazol. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• cinnamon

  aspirin and cinnamon both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ciprofloxacin

  aspirin decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Buffered aspirin may decrease absorption of quinolones. Consider administering 2 hr before or 6 hr after, buffered aspirin administration.

• citalopram

  citalopram increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Combination may increase risk of bleeding.
  
  citalopram, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. If possible, avoid concurrent use.

• clomipramine

  clomipramine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. Clomipramine inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• dabigatran

  dabigatran, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. Concomitant use may increase risk of bleeding.
  
  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of dabigatran by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Atrial fibrillation: Avoid coadministering dabigatran with P-gp inhibitors if CrCl <30 mL/min. DVT/PE treatment: Avoid coadministering dabigatran with P-gp inhibitors if CrCl <50 mL/min

• clopidogrel

  aspirin, clopidogrel. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• collagenase clostridium histolyticum

  aspirin increases toxicity of collagenase clostridium histolyticum by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum has high incidence of ecchymosis/contusion at injection site; avoid concomitant anticoagulants (except for low-dose aspirin, ie, up to 150 mg/day).

• cordyceps

  aspirin and cordyceps both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cortisone

  aspirin, cortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• cyclopenthiazide

  aspirin increases and cyclopenthiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dabigatran

  dabigatran and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin

• dalteparin

  dalteparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, dalteparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• deferasirox

  deferasirox, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Gastric ulceration and GI bleeding have been reported in patients taking deferasirox, use caution when coadministering with other drugs known to increase the risk of peptic ulcers or gastric hemorrhage including anticoagulants.
  
  deferasirox, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase GI bleeding, ulceration and irritation. Use with caution.

• defibrotide

  defibrotide increases effects of aspirin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Defibrotide may enhance effects of platelet inhibitors.

• duvelisib

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of duvelisib by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of duvelisib (a BCRP substrate) with a BCRP transport inhibitor may increase levels or effects of duvelisib.

• deflazacort

  aspirin, deflazacort. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• desirudin

  aspirin, desirudin. Either increases levels of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• dexamethasone

  aspirin, dexamethasone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• diclofenac

  aspirin and diclofenac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and diclofenac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dicloxacillin

  dicloxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diflunisal

  aspirin and diflunisal both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and diflunisal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• digoxin

  aspirin and digoxin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dipyridamole

  aspirin, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• dobutamine

  aspirin increases and dobutamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dong quai

  aspirin and dong quai both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dopexamine

  aspirin increases and dopexamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• doxazosin

  aspirin decreases effects of doxazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• drospirenone

  drospirenone and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• duloxetine

  duloxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• edoxaban

  edoxaban, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of platelet aggregation inhibitors with anticoagulants is common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss.
  
  edoxaban, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin.

• eluxadoline

  eluxadoline increases levels of dipyridamole by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Eluxadoline may increase the systemic exposure of coadministered BCRP substrates.

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of emtricitabine and tenofovir with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• enalapril

  enalapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• enoxaparin

  enoxaparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive effects are intended when both drugs are prescribed as indicated for unstable angina, non-Q-wave MI, and STEMI
  
  aspirin, enoxaparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• ephedrine

  aspirin increases and ephedrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine

  aspirin increases and epinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine racemic

  aspirin increases and epinephrine racemic decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epoprostenol

  aspirin and epoprostenol both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eprosartan

  eprosartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of eprosartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  eprosartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• eptifibatide

  aspirin, eptifibatide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• escitalopram

  escitalopram, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• esmolol

  esmolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of esmolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ethacrynic acid

  aspirin increases and ethacrynic acid decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• etodolac

  aspirin and etodolac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and etodolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fenbufen

  aspirin and fenbufen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and fenbufen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fennel

  aspirin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fenoprofen

  aspirin and fenoprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and fenoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• feverfew

  aspirin and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fish oil

  fish oil, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking fish oil and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .
  
  fish oil, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking fish oil and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .

• fish oil triglycerides

  fish oil triglycerides will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Prolonged bleeding reported in patients taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants and oral omega-3 fatty acids. Periodically monitor bleeding time in patients receiving fish oil triglycerides and concomitant antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.
  
  fish oil triglycerides will increase the level or effect of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Prolonged bleeding reported in patients taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants and oral omega-3 fatty acids. Periodically monitor bleeding time in patients receiving fish oil triglycerides and concomitant antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.

• fludrocortisone

  aspirin, fludrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• fostemsavir

  fostemsavir will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Fostemsavir inhibits BCRP transporters. If possible, avoid coadministration or modify dose of BCRP substrate coadministered with fostemsavir.

• fluoxetine

  fluoxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• flurbiprofen

  aspirin and flurbiprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and flurbiprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fluvoxamine

  fluvoxamine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• fondaparinux

  fondaparinux and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• formoterol

  aspirin increases and formoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• forskolin

  aspirin and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fosinopril

  fosinopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• furosemide

  aspirin increases and furosemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• garlic

  aspirin and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gentamicin

  aspirin increases and gentamicin decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ginger

  aspirin and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ginkgo biloba

  aspirin and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• glecaprevir/pibrentasvir

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution when coadministering glecaprevir/pibrentasvir with BCRP inhibitors.
  
  glecaprevir/pibrentasvir will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may increase plasma concentration of BCRP substrates.

• glimepiride

  aspirin increases effects of glimepiride by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• glipizide

  aspirin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• glyburide

  aspirin increases effects of glyburide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• green tea

  green tea increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. (Theoretical interaction). Dipyridamole is a platelet inhibitor and green tea has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in animals, it may be prudent to avoid the concomitant use of green tea with chronic dipyridamole therapy as the risk of bleeding may be increased.
  
  green tea increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. (Theoretical, due to caffeine content). Combination may increase risk of bleeding.

• griseofulvin

  griseofulvin decreases levels of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ibrutinib

  ibrutinib will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Ibrutinib may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies and monitor for signs of bleeding.

• heparin

  heparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, heparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• horse chestnut seed

  aspirin and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• hyaluronidase

  aspirin decreases effects of hyaluronidase by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Salicylates, when given in large systemic doses, may render tissues partially resistant to the action of hyaluronidase. Patients may require larger amounts of hyaluronidase for equivalent dispersing effect.

• hydralazine

  aspirin decreases effects of hydralazine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  aspirin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• hydrocortisone

  aspirin, hydrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• ibrutinib

  ibrutinib will increase the level or effect of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Ibrutinib may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies and monitor for signs of bleeding.

• ibuprofen

  aspirin and ibuprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ibuprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ibuprofen IV

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen IV by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin and ibuprofen IV both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin and ibuprofen IV both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• icosapent

  icosapent, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Icosapent may prolong bleeding time; monitor periodically if coadministered with other drugs that affect bleeding.
  
  icosapent, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Icosapent may prolong bleeding time; monitor periodically if coadministered with other drugs that affect bleeding.

• imatinib

  imatinib, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Imatinib may cause thrombocytopenia; bleeding risk increased when imatinib is coadministered with anticoagulants, NSAIDs, platelet inhibitors, and thrombolytic agents.

• melatonin

  melatonin increases effects of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Melatonin may decrease prothrombin time.

• indapamide

  aspirin increases and indapamide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• indomethacin

  aspirin and indomethacin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and indomethacin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• insulin aspart

  aspirin increases effects of insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart

  aspirin increases effects of insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin degludec

  aspirin increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin degludec/insulin aspart

  aspirin, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• insulin detemir

  aspirin increases effects of insulin detemir by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin glargine

  aspirin increases effects of insulin glargine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin glulisine

  aspirin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin inhaled

  aspirin increases effects of insulin inhaled by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin isophane human/insulin regular human

  aspirin increases effects of insulin isophane human/insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin lispro

  aspirin increases effects of insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro

  aspirin increases effects of insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin NPH

  aspirin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin regular human

  aspirin increases effects of insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• irbesartan

  irbesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of irbesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  irbesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• isoproterenol

  aspirin increases and isoproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketoprofen

  aspirin and ketoprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ketoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketorolac

  aspirin and ketorolac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ketorolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketorolac intranasal

  aspirin and ketorolac intranasal both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ketorolac intranasal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• labetalol

  labetalol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of labetalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• latanoprost

  latanoprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic

  latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• levalbuterol

  aspirin increases and levalbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levomilnacipran

  levomilnacipran, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. SNRIs may further impair platelet activity in patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

• lisinopril

  lisinopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• lithium

  aspirin increases levels of lithium by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lornoxicam

  aspirin and lornoxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and lornoxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• losartan

  losartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of losartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  losartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• meclofenamate

  aspirin and meclofenamate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and meclofenamate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mefenamic acid

  aspirin and mefenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and mefenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• melatonin

  melatonin increases effects of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Melatonin may decrease prothrombin time.

• meloxicam

  aspirin and meloxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and meloxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mesalamine

  mesalamine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive nephrotoxicity.

• metaproterenol

  aspirin increases and metaproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• methazolamide

  methazolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.

• methyclothiazide

  aspirin increases and methyclothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

• methylprednisolone

  aspirin, methylprednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• metolazone

  aspirin increases and metolazone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• metoprolol

  metoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of metoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• milnacipran

  milnacipran, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• mistletoe

  aspirin increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• moexipril

  moexipril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• moxisylyte

  aspirin decreases effects of moxisylyte by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• mycophenolate

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of mycophenolate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nabumetone

  aspirin and nabumetone both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and nabumetone both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nadolol

  nadolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of nadolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• nafcillin

  nafcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nafcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• naldemedine

  dipyridamole increases levels of naldemedine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor naldemedine for potential adverse effects if coadministered with P-gp inhibitors.

• naproxen

  aspirin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nebivolol

  nebivolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of nebivolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• nefazodone

  nefazodone, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• nettle

  aspirin increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nintedanib

  dipyridamole increases levels of nintedanib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If nintedanib adverse effects occur, management may require interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation of therapy .

• nitazoxanide

  nitazoxanide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nitroglycerin rectal

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of nitroglycerin rectal by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. The pharmacological effects of nitroglycerin may be enhanced by concomitant administration of aspirin.

• nitroglycerin sublingual

  aspirin increases effects of nitroglycerin sublingual by additive vasodilation. Use Caution/Monitor. Vasodilatory and hemodynamic effects of NTG may be enhanced by coadministration with aspirin (additive effect desirable for emergent treatment).

• norepinephrine

  aspirin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• olmesartan

  olmesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of olmesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  olmesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• omega 3 carboxylic acids

  omega 3 carboxylic acids, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3 acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.
  
  omega 3 carboxylic acids, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3 acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.

• omega 3 fatty acids

  omega 3 fatty acids, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3-fatty acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .
  
  omega 3 fatty acids, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3-fatty acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .

• ospemifene

  aspirin, ospemifene. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• piracetam

  piracetam increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxacillin

  oxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  oxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxaprozin

  aspirin and oxaprozin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and oxaprozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• panax ginseng

  aspirin and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  aspirin and parecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and parecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paroxetine

  paroxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• pau d'arco

  aspirin and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pegaspargase

  pegaspargase increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of bleeding events.

• penbutolol

  penbutolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of penbutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• penicillin G aqueous

  penicillin G aqueous, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  penicillin G aqueous, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• perindopril

  perindopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin,in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• phenindione

  phenindione and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• phenoxybenzamine

  aspirin decreases effects of phenoxybenzamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phentolamine

  aspirin decreases effects of phentolamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phytoestrogens

  aspirin and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pindolol

  pindolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of pindolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• pirbuterol

  aspirin increases and pirbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• piroxicam

  aspirin and piroxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and piroxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pivmecillinam

  pivmecillinam, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  pivmecillinam, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ponatinib

  ponatinib increases levels of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor.

• porfimer

  dipyridamole decreases effects of porfimer by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• potassium acid phosphate

  aspirin and potassium acid phosphate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium chloride

  aspirin and potassium chloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium citrate

  aspirin and potassium citrate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• potassium iodide

  potassium iodide and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• prasugrel

  aspirin, prasugrel. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• prazosin

  aspirin decreases effects of prazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• prednisolone

  aspirin, prednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• prednisone

  aspirin, prednisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• propranolol

  propranolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of propranolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• protamine

  protamine and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• quinapril

  quinapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• ramipril

  ramipril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• regorafenib

  regorafenib will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Regorafenib likely inhibits BCRP (ABCG2) transport. Coadministration with a BCRP substrate may increase systemic exposure to the substrate and related toxicity.

• reishi

  aspirin and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• reteplase

  aspirin, reteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• rifaximin

  dipyridamole increases levels of rifaximin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rivaroxaban

  aspirin, rivaroxaban. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin.
  
  rivaroxaban, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid concurrent use of rivaroxaban with other anticoagulants due to increased bleeding risk other than during therapeutic transition periods where patients should be observed closely. Monitor for signs/symptoms of blood loss.

• rivastigmine

  rivastigmine increases toxicity of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor patients for symptoms of active or occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

• safinamide

  safinamide will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Safinamide and its major metabolite may inhibit intestinal BCRP. Monitor BCRP substrates for increased pharmacologic or adverse effects.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  sacubitril/valsartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of sacubitril/valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  aspirin and salicylates (non-asa) both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and salicylates (non-asa) both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salmeterol

  aspirin increases and salmeterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salsalate

  aspirin and salsalate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and salsalate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• saw palmetto

  saw palmetto increases toxicity of aspirin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk of bleeding.

• selexipag

  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of selexipag by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Selexipag is a ABCG2 (BCRP) substrate. Monitor selexipag for increased pharmacologic or adverse effects when coadministered with ABCG2 (BCRP) inhibitors.

• selumetinib

  dipyridamole and selumetinib both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. An increased risk of bleeding may occur in patients taking a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib. Monitor for bleeding and INR or PT in patients coadministered a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib.
  
  aspirin and selumetinib both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. An increased risk of bleeding may occur in patients taking a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib. Monitor for bleeding and INR or PT in patients coadministered a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib.

• sertraline

  sertraline, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

  sofosbuvir/velpatasvir will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Velpatasvir is an inhibitor of the drug transporter BCRP. Coadministration may increase systemic exposure of drugs that are BCRP substrates.

• Siberian ginseng

  aspirin and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• silodosin

  aspirin decreases effects of silodosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid

  aspirin, sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May be associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of aspirin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of aspirin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sotalol

  sotalol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of sotalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• spironolactone

  spironolactone and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of spironolactone by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. When used concomitantly, spironolactone dose may need to be titrated to higher maintenance dose and the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect is obtained.

• stiripentol

  stiripentol will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Stiripentol is a BCRP transport inhibitor. Consider dosage reduction for BCRP substrates if adverse effects are experienced when coadministered.

• succinylcholine

  aspirin and succinylcholine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sulfamethoxazole

  aspirin, sulfamethoxazole. Either increases effects of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to high protein binding capacity of both drugs, one may displace the other when coadministered leading to an enhanced effect of the displaced drug; risk is low with low dose aspirin.

• sulfasalazine

  aspirin and sulfasalazine both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and sulfasalazine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sulindac

  aspirin and sulindac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and sulindac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tafamidis

  tafamidis will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Tafamidis inhibits breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) in vitro and may increase exposure of BCRP substrates following tafamidis or tafamidis meglumine administration. Dosage adjustment of these BCRP substrates may be necessary.

• tafamidis meglumine

  tafamidis meglumine will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Tafamidis inhibits breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) in vitro and may increase exposure of BCRP substrates following tafamidis or tafamidis meglumine administration. Dosage adjustment of these BCRP substrates may be necessary.

• tafluprost

  tafluprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• telmisartan

  telmisartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of telmisartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  telmisartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• temocillin

  temocillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  temocillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tenecteplase

  aspirin, tenecteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• terazosin

  aspirin decreases effects of terazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• terbutaline

  aspirin increases and terbutaline decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ticagrelor

  aspirin, ticagrelor. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Maintenance doses of aspirin above 100 mg decreases effectiveness of ticagrelor. Therefore, after the initial loading dose of aspirin (usually 325 mg), use ticagrelor with a maintenance dose of aspirin of 75-100 mg.
  
  ticagrelor, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of bleeding during concomitant use of medications that increase potential for bleeding.

• ticarcillin

  ticarcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ticarcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vorapaxar

  dipyridamole, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.

• timolol

  timolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of timolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• tirofiban

  aspirin, tirofiban. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• tobramycin inhaled

  tobramycin inhaled and aspirin both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concurrent or sequential use to decrease risk for ototoxicity

• tolazamide

  aspirin increases effects of tolazamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• tolbutamide

  aspirin increases effects of tolbutamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• tolfenamic acid

  aspirin and tolfenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and tolfenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tolmetin

  aspirin and tolmetin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and tolmetin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tolvaptan

  aspirin and tolvaptan both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• torsemide

  aspirin increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• trandolapril

  trandolapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly and volume depleted.

• travoprost ophthalmic

  travoprost ophthalmic, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• trazodone

  trazodone, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  aspirin, triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Aspirin in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia should used with caution. Clearance of salicylates may increase with concurrent use of corticosteroids.

• triamterene

  triamterene and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• valproic acid

  aspirin increases levels of valproic acid by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• valsartan

  valsartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  valsartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• venlafaxine

  venlafaxine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• voclosporin

  voclosporin, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

• vorapaxar

  aspirin, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.
  
  aspirin, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive antiplatelet effect may occur.

• vortioxetine

  aspirin, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk minimal with low-dose aspirin.
  
  dipyridamole increases effects of vortioxetine by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• warfarin

  warfarin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and warfarin are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• zanubrutinib

  aspirin, zanubrutinib. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Zanubrutinib-induced cytopenias increases risk of hemorrhage. Coadministration of zanubritinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase this risk.

• zotepine

  aspirin decreases effects of zotepine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

Minor (132)

• acebutolol

  dipyridamole, acebutolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• aceclofenac

  aceclofenac will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acemetacin

  acemetacin will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acyclovir

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of acyclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• alendronate

  aspirin, alendronate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• aluminum hydroxide

  aluminum hydroxide, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• amikacin

  aspirin increases levels of amikacin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• aminohippurate sodium

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of aminohippurate sodium by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• anamu

  aspirin and anamu both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ascorbic acid

  ascorbic acid will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  aspirin decreases levels of ascorbic acid by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  ascorbic acid increases levels of aspirin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• atenolol

  dipyridamole, atenolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• balsalazide

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of balsalazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bendroflumethiazide

  bendroflumethiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• betaxolol

  dipyridamole, betaxolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• bismuth subsalicylate

  bismuth subsalicylate increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bisoprolol

  dipyridamole, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• bumetanide

  aspirin, bumetanide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Salicylates are less likely than other NSAIDs to interact w/bumetanide.

• calcium carbonate

  calcium carbonate, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• carvedilol

  dipyridamole, carvedilol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• cefadroxil

  cefadroxil will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefamandole

  cefamandole will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefepime

  cefepime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefixime

  cefixime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefpirome

  cefpirome will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefprozil

  cefprozil will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftazidime

  ceftazidime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftibuten

  ceftibuten will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celecoxib

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of celecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celiprolol

  dipyridamole, celiprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• cephalexin

  cephalexin will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorothiazide

  chlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorpropamide

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of chlorpropamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  aspirin increases effects of chlorpropamide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• chlorthalidone

  chlorthalidone will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chromium

  aspirin increases levels of chromium by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cortisone

  cortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• creatine

  creatine, aspirin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction) Combination may have additive nephrotoxic effects.

• cyanocobalamin

  aspirin decreases levels of cyanocobalamin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cyclopenthiazide

  cyclopenthiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• danshen

  aspirin and danshen both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• deflazacort

  deflazacort decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• devil's claw

  aspirin and devil's claw both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  devil's claw, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Conflicting evidence.ÿ Use with caution.

• dexamethasone

  dexamethasone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• esmolol

  dipyridamole, esmolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• diclofenac

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of diclofenac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• diclofenac topical

  diclofenac topical, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Although low, there is systemic exposure to diclofenac topical; theoretically, concomitant administration with systemic NSAIDS or aspirin may result in increased NSAID adverse effects.

• diflunisal

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of diflunisal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• diltiazem

  diltiazem increases effects of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Enhanced antiplatelet activity.

• eplerenone

  aspirin decreases effects of eplerenone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ethanol

  ethanol increases toxicity of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI bleeding.

• etodolac

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of etodolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenbufen

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of fenbufen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenoprofen

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of fenoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• feverfew

  aspirin decreases effects of feverfew by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fludrocortisone

  fludrocortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• flurbiprofen

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of flurbiprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• folic acid

  aspirin decreases levels of folic acid by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• furosemide

  aspirin decreases effects of furosemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ganciclovir

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• gentamicin

  aspirin increases levels of gentamicin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• ginger

  ginger, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Conflicting evidence. Use with caution.

• ginkgo biloba

  ginkgo biloba, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Conflicting evidence.ÿ Use with caution.

• glimepiride

  aspirin increases effects of glimepiride by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• glipizide

  aspirin increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• glyburide

  aspirin increases effects of glyburide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• horse chestnut seed

  horse chestnut seed, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Theoretical. Use with caution.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• hydrocortisone

  hydrocortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ibuprofen

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• imidapril

  aspirin decreases effects of imidapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• indapamide

  indapamide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• indomethacin

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of indomethacin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketoprofen

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketorolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac intranasal

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketorolac intranasal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• L-methylfolate

  aspirin decreases levels of L-methylfolate by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• labetalol

  dipyridamole, labetalol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• lornoxicam

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of lornoxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• meclofenamate

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of meclofenamate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mefenamic acid

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of mefenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• meloxicam

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of meloxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mesalamine

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of mesalamine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• methyclothiazide

  methyclothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• methylprednisolone

  methylprednisolone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metolazone

  metolazone will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metoprolol

  dipyridamole, metoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• nabumetone

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of nabumetone by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nadolol

  dipyridamole, nadolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• naproxen

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nebivolol

  dipyridamole, nebivolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• neomycin PO

  aspirin increases levels of neomycin PO by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• noni juice

  aspirin and noni juice both increase serum potassium. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ofloxacin

  ofloxacin, aspirin. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of CNS stimulation/seizure. Mechanism: Displacement of GABA from receptors in brain.

• oxaprozin

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of oxaprozin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• parecoxib

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of parecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• paromomycin

  aspirin increases levels of paromomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• penbutolol

  dipyridamole, penbutolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• penicillin VK

  penicillin VK, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pentazocine

  aspirin, pentazocine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Possible risk of renal papillary necrosis w/chronic Tx.

• pindolol

  dipyridamole, pindolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• piperacillin

  piperacillin, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by receptor binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylic acid could be displaced from protein binding sites or it could itself displace other protein-bound drugs and result in an enhanced effect of the displaced drug.

• piroxicam

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of piroxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• prednisolone

  prednisolone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• prednisone

  prednisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• propranolol

  dipyridamole, propranolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• rose hips

  rose hips will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  aspirin decreases levels of rose hips by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  rose hips increases levels of aspirin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of salicylates (non-asa) by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salsalate

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of salsalate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sodium bicarbonate

  sodium bicarbonate, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• sodium citrate/citric acid

  sodium citrate/citric acid, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• sotalol

  dipyridamole, sotalol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• stiripentol

  aspirin will decrease the level or effect of stiripentol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• streptomycin

  aspirin increases levels of streptomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• sulfadiazine

  aspirin increases levels of sulfadiazine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfasalazine

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of sulfasalazine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfisoxazole

  aspirin increases levels of sulfisoxazole by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulindac

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of sulindac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• teniposide

  aspirin increases levels of teniposide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tiludronate

  aspirin decreases levels of tiludronate by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• timolol

  dipyridamole, timolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• tobramycin

  aspirin increases levels of tobramycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• tolazamide

  aspirin increases effects of tolazamide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• tolbutamide

  aspirin increases effects of tolbutamide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• tolfenamic acid

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of tolfenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolmetin

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of tolmetin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• triamterene

  triamterene, aspirin. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of acute renal failure. Mechanism: NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, which normally protect against nephrotoxicity.
  
  aspirin increases toxicity of triamterene by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, increasing the risk of nephrotoxicity.

• valganciclovir

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of valganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• vancomycin

  aspirin increases levels of vancomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in neonates.

• verapamil

  verapamil increases effects of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Enhanced antiplatelet activity.

• verteporfin

  dipyridamole decreases effects of verteporfin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• willow bark

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of willow bark by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  willow bark increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Willow bark contains salicylic acid, which may have additive effects/toxicity with salicylate drugs.

• abciximab

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, abciximab. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• abrocitinib

  Contraindicated (2)abrocitinib and dipyridamole both increase anticoagulation. Contraindicated. Antiplatelet drugs, except for low-dose aspirin (=81 mg qDay), during the first 3 months of treatment are contraindicated.
  
  abrocitinib and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Contraindicated. Antiplatelet drugs, except for low-dose aspirin (=81 mg qDay), during the first 3 months of treatment are contraindicated.

• acalabrutinib

  Monitor Closely (3)acalabrutinib increases effects of aspirin by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of acalabrutinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase risk of hemorrhage. Monitor for signs of bleeding and consider the benefit-risk of withholding acalabrutinib for 3-7 days presurgery and postsurgery depending upon the type of surgery and the risk of bleeding.
  
  acalabrutinib increases levels of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Acalabrutinib may increase exposure to coadministered BCRP substrates by inhibition of intestinal BCRP.
  
  acalabrutinib increases effects of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of acalabrutinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase risk of hemorrhage. Monitor for signs of bleeding and consider the benefit-risk of withholding acalabrutinib for 3-7 days presurgery and postsurgery depending upon the type of surgery and the risk of bleeding.

• acebutolol

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of acebutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  acebutolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dipyridamole, acebutolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• aceclofenac

  Monitor Closely (2)aceclofenac and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aceclofenac and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aceclofenac will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acemetacin

  Monitor Closely (2)acemetacin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acemetacin and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)acemetacin will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acetazolamide

  Monitor Closely (2)acetazolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.
  
  acetazolamide, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Use Caution/Monitor. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; risk of CNS toxicity. Salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• acyclovir

  Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of acyclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• adenosine

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole increases levels of adenosine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• afatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole increases levels of afatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Reduce afatinib daily dose by 10 mg if not tolerated when coadministered with P-gp inhibitors.

• agrimony

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and agrimony both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• albuterol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and albuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alendronate

  Minor (1)aspirin, alendronate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• alfalfa

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and alfalfa both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfuzosin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of alfuzosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aliskiren

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin will decrease the level or effect of aliskiren by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, coadministration of NSAIDs with drugs that affect RAAS may increase the risk of renal impairment (including acute renal failure) and cause loss of antihypertensive effect. Monitor renal function periodically.

• alpelisib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of alpelisib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of alpelisib (BCRP substrate) with a BCRP inhibitor may increase alpelisib concentration, which may increase the risk of toxicities. If unable to avoid or use alternant drugs, closely monitor for increased adverse reactions.

• alteplase

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, alteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• aluminum hydroxide

  Minor (1)aluminum hydroxide, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• American ginseng

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and American ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amikacin

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of amikacin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• amiloride

  Monitor Closely (1)amiloride and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aminohippurate sodium

  Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of aminohippurate sodium by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• amoxicillin

  Monitor Closely (2)amoxicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  amoxicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ampicillin

  Monitor Closely (1)ampicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• anagrelide

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin, anagrelide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; increases risk of bleeding; monitor closely.
  
  anagrelide, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; increases risk of bleeding; monitor closely.

• anamu

  Minor (1)aspirin and anamu both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• antithrombin alfa

  Monitor Closely (2)antithrombin alfa and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, antithrombin alfa. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)antithrombin alfa, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• antithrombin III

  Monitor Closely (2)antithrombin III and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, antithrombin III. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)antithrombin III, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• apalutamide

  Monitor Closely (1)apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of dipyridamole by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Apalutamide weakly induces BCRP and may decrease systemic exposure of drugs that are BCRP substrates.

• apixaban

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and apixaban both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspiriin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin. In 1 trial (APPRAISE-2), therapy was terminated because of significantly increased bleeding when apixaban was administered with dual antiplatelet therapy (eg, aspirin plus clopidogrel) compared with single antiplatelet treatmentSerious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole and apixaban both increase anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• arformoterol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and arformoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• argatroban

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin, argatroban. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.
  
  argatroban and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)argatroban, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• ascorbic acid

  Minor (3)ascorbic acid will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  aspirin decreases levels of ascorbic acid by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  ascorbic acid increases levels of aspirin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• asenapine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of asenapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aspirin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• aspirin rectal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin rectal increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• atenolol

  Monitor Closely (2)atenolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of atenolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, atenolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• azficel-T

  Monitor Closely (2)azficel-T, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking aspirin may experience increased bruising or bleeding at biopsy and/or injection sites. Concomitant use of aspirin is not recommended. .
  
  azficel-T, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with anticoagulants or antiplatelets may increase bruising or bleeding at biopsy and/or injection sites; concomitant use not recommended. Decisions regarding continued use or cessation of anticoagulants or antiplatelets should be made by a physician.

• azilsartan

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin, azilsartan. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of azilsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

• balsalazide

  Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of balsalazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bemiparin

  Monitor Closely (1)bemiparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• benazepril

  Monitor Closely (1)benazepril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, benazepril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• bendroflumethiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and bendroflumethiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)bendroflumethiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• berotralstat

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole increases levels of berotralstat by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Reduced dose of berotralstat (a BCRP substrate) to 110 mg/day when coadministered with BCRP inhibitors.

• betaxolol

  Monitor Closely (2)betaxolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of betaxolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, betaxolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• betrixaban

  Monitor Closely (3)dipyridamole increases levels of betrixaban by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Decrease betrixaban dose to 80 mg PO once, then 40 mg PO qDay if coadministered with a P-gp inhibitor.
  
  dipyridamole, betrixaban. Either increases levels of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin, betrixaban. Either increases levels of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bimatoprost

  Monitor Closely (1)bimatoprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• bismuth subsalicylate

  Minor (1)bismuth subsalicylate increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bisoprolol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• bivalirudin

  Monitor Closely (2)bivalirudin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin, bivalirudin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bivalirudin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• bosutinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole increases levels of bosutinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• brinzolamide

  Monitor Closely (1)brinzolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.

• bumetanide

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  aspirin increases and bumetanide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin, bumetanide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Salicylates are less likely than other NSAIDs to interact w/bumetanide.

• butalbital

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)butalbital decreases levels of dipyridamole by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• caffeine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)caffeine decreases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

• calcium carbonate

  Minor (1)calcium carbonate, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• candesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)candesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of candesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  candesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• caplacizumab

  Monitor Closely (2)caplacizumab, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  caplacizumab, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• captopril

  Monitor Closely (1)captopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, captopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• carbenoxolone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and carbenoxolone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• carvedilol

  Monitor Closely (2)carvedilol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of carvedilol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, carvedilol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• cefadroxil

  Minor (1)cefadroxil will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefamandole

  Minor (1)cefamandole will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefepime

  Minor (1)cefepime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefixime

  Minor (1)cefixime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefpirome

  Minor (1)cefpirome will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefprozil

  Minor (1)cefprozil will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftazidime

  Minor (1)ceftazidime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftibuten

  Minor (1)ceftibuten will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celecoxib

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and celecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and celecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of celecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celiprolol

  Monitor Closely (2)celiprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of celiprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, celiprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• cephalexin

  Minor (1)cephalexin will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceritinib

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole increases levels of ceritinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• chlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and chlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)chlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorpropamide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of chlorpropamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.Minor (2)aspirin will increase the level or effect of chlorpropamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  aspirin increases effects of chlorpropamide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• chlorthalidone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and chlorthalidone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)chlorthalidone will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cholic acid

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole increases toxicity of cholic acid by decreasing elimination. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concomitant use of inhibitors of the bile salt efflux pump (BSEP). May exacerbate accumulation of conjugated bile salts in the liver and result in clinical symptoms. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor serum transaminases and bilirubin.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chromium

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of chromium by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cilostazol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, cilostazol. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• cinnamon

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and cinnamon both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ciprofloxacin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Buffered aspirin may decrease absorption of quinolones. Consider administering 2 hr before or 6 hr after, buffered aspirin administration.

• citalopram

  Monitor Closely (2)citalopram increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Combination may increase risk of bleeding.
  
  citalopram, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. If possible, avoid concurrent use.

• clomipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)clomipramine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. Clomipramine inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• clopidogrel

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, clopidogrel. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• collagenase clostridium histolyticum

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases toxicity of collagenase clostridium histolyticum by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum has high incidence of ecchymosis/contusion at injection site; avoid concomitant anticoagulants (except for low-dose aspirin, ie, up to 150 mg/day).

• cordyceps

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and cordyceps both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, cortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)cortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• creatine

  Minor (1)creatine, aspirin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction) Combination may have additive nephrotoxic effects.

• cyanocobalamin

  Minor (1)aspirin decreases levels of cyanocobalamin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cyclopenthiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and cyclopenthiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)cyclopenthiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• dabigatran

  Monitor Closely (3)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of dabigatran by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Atrial fibrillation: Avoid coadministering dabigatran with P-gp inhibitors if CrCl <30 mL/min. DVT/PE treatment: Avoid coadministering dabigatran with P-gp inhibitors if CrCl <50 mL/min
  
  dabigatran and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin
  
  dabigatran, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. Concomitant use may increase risk of bleeding.

• dalteparin

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin, dalteparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.
  
  dalteparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)dalteparin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• danshen

  Minor (1)aspirin and danshen both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• darolutamide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)darolutamide will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Darolutamide is a BCRP inhibitor. Avoid coadministration with BCRP inhibitors. If use is unavoidable, closely monitor for adverse reactions and consider dose reduction of BCRP substrate drug (refer BCRP substrate prescribing information).

• deferasirox

  Monitor Closely (2)deferasirox, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Gastric ulceration and GI bleeding have been reported in patients taking deferasirox, use caution when coadministering with other drugs known to increase the risk of peptic ulcers or gastric hemorrhage including anticoagulants.
  
  deferasirox, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase GI bleeding, ulceration and irritation. Use with caution.

• defibrotide

  Monitor Closely (1)defibrotide increases effects of aspirin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Defibrotide may enhance effects of platelet inhibitors.

• deflazacort

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, deflazacort. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)deflazacort decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• desirudin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, desirudin. Either increases levels of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• devil's claw

  Minor (2)aspirin and devil's claw both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  devil's claw, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Conflicting evidence.ÿ Use with caution.

• dexamethasone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, dexamethasone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)dexamethasone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• dichlorphenamide

  Contraindicated (1)dichlorphenamide increases levels of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of dichlorphenamide with high-dose aspirin may increase salicylate levels. Anorexia, tachypnea, lethargy, and coma reported.

• diclofenac

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and diclofenac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and diclofenac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of diclofenac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• diclofenac topical

  Minor (1)diclofenac topical, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Although low, there is systemic exposure to diclofenac topical; theoretically, concomitant administration with systemic NSAIDS or aspirin may result in increased NSAID adverse effects.

• dicloxacillin

  Monitor Closely (1)dicloxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diflunisal

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and diflunisal both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and diflunisal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of diflunisal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• digoxin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and digoxin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diltiazem

  Minor (1)diltiazem increases effects of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Enhanced antiplatelet activity.

• dipyridamole

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• dobutamine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and dobutamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dong quai

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and dong quai both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dopexamine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and dopexamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• doxazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of doxazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• drospirenone

  Monitor Closely (1)drospirenone and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• duloxetine

  Monitor Closely (1)duloxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• duvelisib

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of duvelisib by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of duvelisib (a BCRP substrate) with a BCRP transport inhibitor may increase levels or effects of duvelisib.

• edoxaban

  Monitor Closely (2)edoxaban, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of platelet aggregation inhibitors with anticoagulants is common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss.
  
  edoxaban, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin.Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of edoxaban by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dose adjustment may be required with strong P-gp inhibitors. DVT/PE treatment: Decrease dose to 30 mg PO once daily. NVAF: No dose reduction recommended

• eluxadoline

  Monitor Closely (1)eluxadoline increases levels of dipyridamole by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Eluxadoline may increase the systemic exposure of coadministered BCRP substrates.

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  Monitor Closely (1)elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of emtricitabine and tenofovir with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• enalapril

  Monitor Closely (1)enalapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• enoxaparin

  Monitor Closely (2)enoxaparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive effects are intended when both drugs are prescribed as indicated for unstable angina, non-Q-wave MI, and STEMI
  
  aspirin, enoxaparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)enoxaparin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• ephedrine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and ephedrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and epinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine racemic

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and epinephrine racemic decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eplerenone

  Minor (1)aspirin decreases effects of eplerenone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• epoprostenol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and epoprostenol both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eprosartan

  Monitor Closely (3)aspirin decreases effects of eprosartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  eprosartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  eprosartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• eptifibatide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, eptifibatide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• escitalopram

  Monitor Closely (1)escitalopram, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• esmolol

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of esmolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  esmolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dipyridamole, esmolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• ethacrynic acid

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and ethacrynic acid decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ethanol

  Minor (1)ethanol increases toxicity of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI bleeding.

• etodolac

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and etodolac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and etodolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of etodolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenbufen

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and fenbufen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and fenbufen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of fenbufen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fennel

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fenoprofen

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and fenoprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and fenoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of fenoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• feverfew

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin decreases effects of feverfew by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fish oil

  Monitor Closely (2)fish oil, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking fish oil and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .
  
  fish oil, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking fish oil and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .

• fish oil triglycerides

  Monitor Closely (2)fish oil triglycerides will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Prolonged bleeding reported in patients taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants and oral omega-3 fatty acids. Periodically monitor bleeding time in patients receiving fish oil triglycerides and concomitant antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.
  
  fish oil triglycerides will increase the level or effect of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Prolonged bleeding reported in patients taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants and oral omega-3 fatty acids. Periodically monitor bleeding time in patients receiving fish oil triglycerides and concomitant antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.

• fludrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, fludrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)fludrocortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fluoxetine

  Monitor Closely (1)fluoxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• flurbiprofen

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and flurbiprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and flurbiprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of flurbiprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fluvoxamine

  Monitor Closely (1)fluvoxamine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• folic acid

  Minor (1)aspirin decreases levels of folic acid by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fondaparinux

  Monitor Closely (1)fondaparinux and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)fondaparinux, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• formoterol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and formoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• forskolin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fosinopril

  Monitor Closely (1)fosinopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, fosinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• fostemsavir

  Monitor Closely (1)fostemsavir will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Fostemsavir inhibits BCRP transporters. If possible, avoid coadministration or modify dose of BCRP substrate coadministered with fostemsavir.

• furosemide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and furosemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin decreases effects of furosemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ganciclovir

  Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• garlic

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gentamicin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and gentamicin decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of gentamicin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• ginger

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)ginger, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Conflicting evidence. Use with caution.

• ginkgo biloba

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)ginkgo biloba, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Conflicting evidence.ÿ Use with caution.

• glecaprevir/pibrentasvir

  Monitor Closely (3)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution when coadministering glecaprevir/pibrentasvir with BCRP inhibitors.
  
  glecaprevir/pibrentasvir will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may increase plasma concentration of BCRP substrates.

• glimepiride

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of glimepiride by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.Minor (1)aspirin increases effects of glimepiride by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• glipizide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.Minor (1)aspirin increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• glyburide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of glyburide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.Minor (1)aspirin increases effects of glyburide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• green tea

  Monitor Closely (2)green tea increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. (Theoretical interaction). Dipyridamole is a platelet inhibitor and green tea has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in animals, it may be prudent to avoid the concomitant use of green tea with chronic dipyridamole therapy as the risk of bleeding may be increased.
  
  green tea increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. (Theoretical, due to caffeine content). Combination may increase risk of bleeding.

• griseofulvin

  Monitor Closely (1)griseofulvin decreases levels of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• heparin

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin, heparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.
  
  heparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)heparin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• horse chestnut seed

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)horse chestnut seed, dipyridamole. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May prolong bleeding time. Theoretical. Use with caution.

• hyaluronidase

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of hyaluronidase by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Salicylates, when given in large systemic doses, may render tissues partially resistant to the action of hyaluronidase. Patients may require larger amounts of hyaluronidase for equivalent dispersing effect.

• hydralazine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of hydralazine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• hydrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, hydrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)hydrocortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ibrutinib

  Monitor Closely (2)ibrutinib will increase the level or effect of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Ibrutinib may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies and monitor for signs of bleeding.
  
  ibrutinib will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Ibrutinib may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies and monitor for signs of bleeding.

• ibuprofen

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and ibuprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ibuprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (2)ibuprofen increases toxicity of aspirin by anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. increases risk of bleeding.
  
  ibuprofen decreases effects of aspirin by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Ibuprofen decreases the antiplatelet effects of low-dose aspirin by blocking the active site of platelet cyclooxygenase. Administer ibuprofen 8 h before aspirin or at least 2-4 h after aspirin. The effect of other NSAIDs on aspirin is not established.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ibuprofen IV

  Monitor Closely (3)aspirin will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen IV by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin and ibuprofen IV both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  aspirin and ibuprofen IV both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (2)ibuprofen IV increases toxicity of aspirin by anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. increases risk of bleeding.
  
  ibuprofen IV decreases effects of aspirin by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Ibuprofen decreases the antiplatelet effects of low-dose aspirin by blocking the active site of platelet cyclooxygenase. Administer ibuprofen 8 h before aspirin or at least 2-4 h after aspirin. The effect of other NSAIDs on aspirin is not established.

• icosapent

  Monitor Closely (2)icosapent, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Icosapent may prolong bleeding time; monitor periodically if coadministered with other drugs that affect bleeding.
  
  icosapent, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Icosapent may prolong bleeding time; monitor periodically if coadministered with other drugs that affect bleeding.

• imatinib

  Monitor Closely (1)imatinib, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Imatinib may cause thrombocytopenia; bleeding risk increased when imatinib is coadministered with anticoagulants, NSAIDs, platelet inhibitors, and thrombolytic agents.

• imidapril

  Minor (1)aspirin decreases effects of imidapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• indapamide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and indapamide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)indapamide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• indomethacin

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and indomethacin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and indomethacin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of indomethacin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• insulin aspart

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin degludec

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin degludec/insulin aspart

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• insulin detemir

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin detemir by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin glargine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin glargine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin glulisine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin inhaled by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin isophane human/insulin regular human

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin isophane human/insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin lispro

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin NPH

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• insulin regular human

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• irbesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)irbesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of irbesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  irbesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• isoproterenol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and isoproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketoprofen

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and ketoprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ketoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and ketorolac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ketorolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, ketorolac. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketorolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac intranasal

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and ketorolac intranasal both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and ketorolac intranasal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, ketorolac intranasal. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketorolac intranasal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• L-methylfolate

  Minor (1)aspirin decreases levels of L-methylfolate by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• labetalol

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of labetalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  labetalol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dipyridamole, labetalol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• lasmiditan

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)lasmiditan increases levels of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Lasmiditan inhibits BCRP in vitro. Avoid coadministration of lasmiditan with BCRP substrates.

• latanoprost

  Monitor Closely (1)latanoprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic

  Monitor Closely (1)latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• lesinurad

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin decreases effects of lesinurad by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Aspirin at doses >325 mg/day may decrease lesinurad efficacy. Aspirin doses 325 mg/day or less (ie, for cardiovascular event prophylaxis) does not decrease lesinurad efficacy and can be coadministered.

• levalbuterol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and levalbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levomilnacipran

  Monitor Closely (1)levomilnacipran, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. SNRIs may further impair platelet activity in patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

• lisinopril

  Monitor Closely (1)lisinopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, lisinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• lithium

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases levels of lithium by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lornoxicam

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and lornoxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and lornoxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of lornoxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• losartan

  Monitor Closely (3)losartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of losartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  losartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• macimorelin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that directly affect the pituitary secretion of growth hormone (GH) may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin. .

• measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of Reye's Syndrome with combination; avoid salicylate use for 6 wks after vaccination.

• meclofenamate

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and meclofenamate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and meclofenamate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of meclofenamate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mefenamic acid

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and mefenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and mefenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of mefenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• melatonin

  Monitor Closely (2)melatonin increases effects of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Melatonin may decrease prothrombin time.
  
  melatonin increases effects of dipyridamole by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Melatonin may decrease prothrombin time.

• meloxicam

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and meloxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and meloxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of meloxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mesalamine

  Monitor Closely (1)mesalamine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive nephrotoxicity.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of mesalamine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metaproterenol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and metaproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• methazolamide

  Monitor Closely (1)methazolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.

• methotrexate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin increases levels of methotrexate by decreasing renal clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Caution should be exercised when salicylates are given in combination with methotrexate. Risk for drug interactions with methotrexate is greatest during high-dose methotrexate therapy, it has been recommended that any of these drugs be used cautiously with methotrexate even when methotrexate is used in low doses.

• methyclothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and methyclothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .Minor (1)methyclothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• methylprednisolone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, methylprednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)methylprednisolone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metolazone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and metolazone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)metolazone will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metoprolol

  Monitor Closely (2)metoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of metoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, metoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• mifepristone

  Contraindicated (1)aspirin, mifepristone. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Aspirin induced antiplatelet activity may induce excessive bleeding after an abortion w/mifepristone (RU 486).Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin will decrease the level or effect of mifepristone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• milnacipran

  Monitor Closely (1)milnacipran, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• mistletoe

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mitotane

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin will decrease the level or effect of mitotane by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• moexipril

  Monitor Closely (1)moexipril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, moexipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• moxisylyte

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of moxisylyte by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• mycophenolate

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of mycophenolate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nabumetone

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and nabumetone both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and nabumetone both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of nabumetone by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nadolol

  Monitor Closely (2)nadolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of nadolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, nadolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• nafcillin

  Monitor Closely (2)nafcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nafcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• naldemedine

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole increases levels of naldemedine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor naldemedine for potential adverse effects if coadministered with P-gp inhibitors.

• naproxen

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nebivolol

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of nebivolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  nebivolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dipyridamole, nebivolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• nefazodone

  Monitor Closely (1)nefazodone, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• neomycin PO

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of neomycin PO by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• nettle

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nintedanib

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole increases levels of nintedanib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If nintedanib adverse effects occur, management may require interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation of therapy .

• nitazoxanide

  Monitor Closely (1)nitazoxanide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nitroglycerin rectal

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of nitroglycerin rectal by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. The pharmacological effects of nitroglycerin may be enhanced by concomitant administration of aspirin.

• nitroglycerin sublingual

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of nitroglycerin sublingual by additive vasodilation. Use Caution/Monitor. Vasodilatory and hemodynamic effects of NTG may be enhanced by coadministration with aspirin (additive effect desirable for emergent treatment).

• noni juice

  Minor (1)aspirin and noni juice both increase serum potassium. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• norepinephrine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ofloxacin

  Minor (1)ofloxacin, aspirin. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of CNS stimulation/seizure. Mechanism: Displacement of GABA from receptors in brain.

• olmesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)olmesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of olmesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  olmesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• omega 3 carboxylic acids

  Monitor Closely (2)omega 3 carboxylic acids, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3 acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.
  
  omega 3 carboxylic acids, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3 acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.

• omega 3 fatty acids

  Monitor Closely (2)omega 3 fatty acids, dipyridamole. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3-fatty acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .
  
  omega 3 fatty acids, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3-fatty acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .

• ospemifene

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, ospemifene. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• oxacillin

  Monitor Closely (2)oxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  oxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxaprozin

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and oxaprozin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and oxaprozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of oxaprozin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ozanimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole increases toxicity of ozanimod by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Coadministration of ozanimod (a BCRP substrate) with BCRP inhibitors increases the exposure of the minor (RP101988, RP101075) and major active metabolites (CC112273, CC1084037) of ozanimod, which may increase the risk of ozanimod adverse reactions. .

• panax ginseng

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and parecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and parecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of parecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• paromomycin

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of paromomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• paroxetine

  Monitor Closely (1)paroxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• pau d'arco

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pegaspargase

  Monitor Closely (1)pegaspargase increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of bleeding events.

• pemetrexed

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin increases levels of pemetrexed by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Interrupt dosing in all patients taking NSAIDs with long elimination half-lives for at least 5d before, the day of, and 2d following pemetrexed administration. If coadministration of an NSAID is necessary, closely monitor patients for toxicity, especially myelosuppression, renal toxicity, and GI toxicity.

• penbutolol

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of penbutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  penbutolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dipyridamole, penbutolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• penicillin G aqueous

  Monitor Closely (2)penicillin G aqueous, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  penicillin G aqueous, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• penicillin VK

  Minor (1)penicillin VK, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pentazocine

  Minor (1)aspirin, pentazocine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Possible risk of renal papillary necrosis w/chronic Tx.

• perindopril

  Monitor Closely (1)perindopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin,in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, perindopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• phenindione

  Monitor Closely (1)phenindione and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• phenoxybenzamine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of phenoxybenzamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phentolamine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of phentolamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phytoestrogens

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pindolol

  Monitor Closely (2)pindolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of pindolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, pindolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• piperacillin

  Minor (1)piperacillin, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by receptor binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylic acid could be displaced from protein binding sites or it could itself displace other protein-bound drugs and result in an enhanced effect of the displaced drug.

• piracetam

  Monitor Closely (1)piracetam increases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pirbuterol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and pirbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• piroxicam

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and piroxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and piroxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of piroxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pivmecillinam

  Monitor Closely (2)pivmecillinam, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  pivmecillinam, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pomalidomide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole increases levels of pomalidomide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ponatinib

  Monitor Closely (1)ponatinib increases levels of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor.

• porfimer

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole decreases effects of porfimer by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• potassium acid phosphate

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and potassium acid phosphate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium chloride

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and potassium chloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium citrate

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and potassium citrate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• potassium iodide

  Monitor Closely (1)potassium iodide and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• prasugrel

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, prasugrel. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• prazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of prazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• prednisolone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, prednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)prednisolone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• prednisone

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, prednisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.Minor (1)prednisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• probenecid

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin decreases effects of probenecid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Aspirin decreases uricosuric action of probenecid.

• propranolol

  Monitor Closely (2)propranolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of propranolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, propranolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• protamine

  Monitor Closely (1)protamine and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)protamine, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• quinapril

  Monitor Closely (1)quinapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, quinapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• ramipril

  Monitor Closely (1)ramipril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, ramipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• regadenoson

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole, regadenoson. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Contraindicated. Regadenoson's effects may be changed; mfr. recommends avoiding dipyridamole for 2 days prior to administration.

• regorafenib

  Monitor Closely (1)regorafenib will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Regorafenib likely inhibits BCRP (ABCG2) transport. Coadministration with a BCRP substrate may increase systemic exposure to the substrate and related toxicity.

• reishi

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• reteplase

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, reteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• rifaximin

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole increases levels of rifaximin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rimegepant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of rimegepant by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of rimegepant (a BCRP substrate) with inhibitors of BCRP.

• riociguat

  Contraindicated (1)dipyridamole, riociguat. Either increases effects of the other by additive vasodilation. Contraindicated. Coadministration of nonspecific PDE-5 inhibitors (eg, dipyridamole, theophylline) and guanylate cyclase stimulators (eg, riociguat) is contraindicated due to risk of additive hypotension.Serious - Use Alternative (2)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of riociguat by decreasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of riociguat (substrate of CYP isoenzymes 1A1, 2C8, 3A, 2J2) with strong CYP inhibitors may require a decreased initial dose of 0.5 mg PO TID; monitor for signs of hypotension and reduce dose if needed
  
  dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of riociguat by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of riociguat (P-gp substrate) with strong P-gp inhibitors may require a decreased initial dose of 0.5 mg PO TID; monitor for signs of hypotension and reduce dose if needed

• rivaroxaban

  Monitor Closely (2)rivaroxaban, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid concurrent use of rivaroxaban with other anticoagulants due to increased bleeding risk other than during therapeutic transition periods where patients should be observed closely. Monitor for signs/symptoms of blood loss.
  
  aspirin, rivaroxaban. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin.

• rivastigmine

  Monitor Closely (1)rivastigmine increases toxicity of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor patients for symptoms of active or occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

• rose hips

  Minor (3)rose hips will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  aspirin decreases levels of rose hips by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  rose hips increases levels of aspirin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)sacubitril/valsartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of sacubitril/valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• safinamide

  Monitor Closely (1)safinamide will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Safinamide and its major metabolite may inhibit intestinal BCRP. Monitor BCRP substrates for increased pharmacologic or adverse effects.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and salicylates (non-asa) both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and salicylates (non-asa) both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of salicylates (non-asa) by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salmeterol

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and salmeterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salsalate

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and salsalate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and salsalate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of salsalate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• saw palmetto

  Monitor Closely (1)saw palmetto increases toxicity of aspirin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk of bleeding.

• selexipag

  Monitor Closely (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of selexipag by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Selexipag is a ABCG2 (BCRP) substrate. Monitor selexipag for increased pharmacologic or adverse effects when coadministered with ABCG2 (BCRP) inhibitors.

• selumetinib

  Monitor Closely (2)dipyridamole and selumetinib both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. An increased risk of bleeding may occur in patients taking a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib. Monitor for bleeding and INR or PT in patients coadministered a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib.
  
  aspirin and selumetinib both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. An increased risk of bleeding may occur in patients taking a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib. Monitor for bleeding and INR or PT in patients coadministered a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib.

• sertraline

  Monitor Closely (1)sertraline, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• Siberian ginseng

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• silodosin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of silodosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• sodium bicarbonate

  Minor (1)sodium bicarbonate, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• sodium citrate/citric acid

  Minor (1)sodium citrate/citric acid, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

• sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May be associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of aspirin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of aspirin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

  Monitor Closely (1)sofosbuvir/velpatasvir will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Velpatasvir is an inhibitor of the drug transporter BCRP. Coadministration may increase systemic exposure of drugs that are BCRP substrates.

• sotalol

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of sotalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  sotalol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dipyridamole, sotalol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• spironolactone

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin decreases effects of spironolactone by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. When used concomitantly, spironolactone dose may need to be titrated to higher maintenance dose and the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect is obtained.
  
  spironolactone and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• stiripentol

  Monitor Closely (1)stiripentol will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Stiripentol is a BCRP transport inhibitor. Consider dosage reduction for BCRP substrates if adverse effects are experienced when coadministered.Minor (1)aspirin will decrease the level or effect of stiripentol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• streptomycin

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of streptomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• succinylcholine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and succinylcholine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sulfadiazine

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of sulfadiazine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfamethoxazole

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, sulfamethoxazole. Either increases effects of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to high protein binding capacity of both drugs, one may displace the other when coadministered leading to an enhanced effect of the displaced drug; risk is low with low dose aspirin.

• sulfasalazine

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and sulfasalazine both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and sulfasalazine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of sulfasalazine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfisoxazole

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of sulfisoxazole by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulindac

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and sulindac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and sulindac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of sulindac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tafamidis

  Monitor Closely (1)tafamidis will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Tafamidis inhibits breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) in vitro and may increase exposure of BCRP substrates following tafamidis or tafamidis meglumine administration. Dosage adjustment of these BCRP substrates may be necessary.

• tafamidis meglumine

  Monitor Closely (1)tafamidis meglumine will increase the level or effect of dipyridamole by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Tafamidis inhibits breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) in vitro and may increase exposure of BCRP substrates following tafamidis or tafamidis meglumine administration. Dosage adjustment of these BCRP substrates may be necessary.

• tafluprost

  Monitor Closely (1)tafluprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• talazoparib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of talazoparib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. BCRP inhibitors may increase systemic exposure of talazoparib (a BCRP substrate). If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for potential adverse reactions.

• telmisartan

  Monitor Closely (3)telmisartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of telmisartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  telmisartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• temocillin

  Monitor Closely (2)temocillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  temocillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tenecteplase

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, tenecteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• teniposide

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of teniposide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• terazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of terazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• terbutaline

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and terbutaline decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• theophylline

  Contraindicated (1)theophylline decreases effects of dipyridamole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. May produce false negative results in dipyridamole thallium imaging tests. Separate by 24 hr.

• ticagrelor

  Monitor Closely (2)ticagrelor, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of bleeding during concomitant use of medications that increase potential for bleeding.
  
  aspirin, ticagrelor. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Maintenance doses of aspirin above 100 mg decreases effectiveness of ticagrelor. Therefore, after the initial loading dose of aspirin (usually 325 mg), use ticagrelor with a maintenance dose of aspirin of 75-100 mg.

• ticarcillin

  Monitor Closely (2)ticarcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ticarcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ticlopidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin increases effects of ticlopidine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• tiludronate

  Minor (1)aspirin decreases levels of tiludronate by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• timolol

  Monitor Closely (2)timolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of timolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)dipyridamole, timolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• tirofiban

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, tirofiban. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

• tobramycin

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of tobramycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• tobramycin inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)tobramycin inhaled and aspirin both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concurrent or sequential use to decrease risk for ototoxicity

• tolazamide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of tolazamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.Minor (1)aspirin increases effects of tolazamide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• tolbutamide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of tolbutamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.Minor (1)aspirin increases effects of tolbutamide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

• tolfenamic acid

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and tolfenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and tolfenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of tolfenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolmetin

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and tolmetin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and tolmetin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of tolmetin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolvaptan

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and tolvaptan both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• topotecan

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of topotecan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Product labeling for PO topotecan recommends avoiding concomitant use of P-gp inhibitors; the interaction with IV topotecan may be less severe but is still likely of clinical significance

• torsemide

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• trandolapril

  Monitor Closely (1)trandolapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly and volume depleted.Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, trandolapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• travoprost ophthalmic

  Monitor Closely (1)travoprost ophthalmic, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• trazodone

  Monitor Closely (1)trazodone, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Aspirin in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia should used with caution. Clearance of salicylates may increase with concurrent use of corticosteroids.Minor (1)triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• triamterene

  Monitor Closely (1)triamterene and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (2)triamterene, aspirin. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of acute renal failure. Mechanism: NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, which normally protect against nephrotoxicity.
  
  aspirin increases toxicity of triamterene by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, increasing the risk of nephrotoxicity.

• valganciclovir

  Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of valganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• valproic acid

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases levels of valproic acid by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

• valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)valsartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  valsartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vancomycin

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of vancomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in neonates.

• varicella virus vaccine live

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aspirin, varicella virus vaccine live. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of Reye's Syndrome with combination; avoid salicylate use for 6 wks after vaccination.

• venetoclax

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dipyridamole will increase the level or effect of venetoclax by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If a P-gp inhibitor must be used, reduce the venetoclax dose by at least 50%. Monitor more closely for signs of venetoclax toxicities.

• venlafaxine

  Monitor Closely (1)venlafaxine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• verapamil

  Minor (1)verapamil increases effects of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Enhanced antiplatelet activity.

• verteporfin

  Minor (1)dipyridamole decreases effects of verteporfin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• voclosporin

  Monitor Closely (1)voclosporin, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

• vorapaxar

  Monitor Closely (3)aspirin, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive antiplatelet effect may occur.
  
  aspirin, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.
  
  dipyridamole, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.

• vortioxetine

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk minimal with low-dose aspirin.
  
  dipyridamole increases effects of vortioxetine by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• warfarin

  Monitor Closely (1)warfarin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and warfarin are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)warfarin, dipyridamole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

• willow bark

  Minor (2)aspirin will increase the level or effect of willow bark by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  willow bark increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Willow bark contains salicylic acid, which may have additive effects/toxicity with salicylate drugs.

• zafirlukast

  Minor (1)aspirin increases levels of zafirlukast by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• zanubrutinib

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin, zanubrutinib. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Zanubrutinib-induced cytopenias increases risk of hemorrhage. Coadministration of zanubritinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase this risk.

• zoledronic acid

  Minor (1)aspirin decreases levels of zoledronic acid by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• zotepine

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin decreases effects of zotepine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.