sodium citrate/citric acid (Rx)

Frequency Not Defined

Diarrhea

Nausea

Tetany

Metabolic alkalosis

Vomiting

Stomach pain

Fluid retention

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to drug or component of the formulation

Severe renal impairment, oliguria, anuria, azotemia, acute dehydration, untreated Addison disease, adynamia episodica hereditaria, heat cramp, hyperkalemia, severe myocardial damage, sodium-restricted diet

Cautions

Use with caution in toxemia of pregnancy

Contains sodium; use caution in patients with peripheral or pulmonary edema, severe renal impairment, hypertension, or heart failure

Conversion to bicarbonate may be impaired; use caution in shock, severely ill, or hepatic failure

Do not dilute in tomato juice

Pregnancy Category: C

Lactation: consult physician

Pregnancy Categories

A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

NA: Information not available.

Mechanism of Action

Alkalinizes urine; citrate binds with urinary calcium

Pharmacokinetics

Metabolism: Oxidized to sodium bicarbonate

Excretion: Urine