aspirin/doxylamine/dextromethorphan/phenylephrine (OTC)

Brand and Other Names:Alka-Seltzer Plus Night Cold & Cough Effervescent
Sections

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

aspirin/doxylamine/dextromethorphan/phenylephrine

effervescent tablet

  • 500mg/6.25mg/10mg/7.8mg

Relief of Cold Symptoms

2 tablets fully dissolved in 4 oz of water qHS; may be taken q4-6hr; not to exceed 8 tablets/day

Dosage Forms & Strengths

aspirin/doxylamine/dextromethorphan/phenylephrine

effervescent tablet

  • 500mg/6.25mg/10mg/7.8mg

Relief of Cold Symptoms

<12 years

  • Not recommended

>12 years

  • 2 tablets fully dissolved in 4 oz of water qHS; may be taken q4-6hr; not to exceed 8 tablets/day
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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and aspirin/doxylamine/dextromethorphan/phenylephrine

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            Contraindicated (7)

            • abrocitinib

              abrocitinib and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Contraindicated. Antiplatelet drugs, except for low-dose aspirin (=81 mg qDay), during the first 3 months of treatment are contraindicated.

            • dichlorphenamide

              dichlorphenamide increases levels of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of dichlorphenamide with high-dose aspirin may increase salicylate levels. Anorexia, tachypnea, lethargy, and coma reported.

            • iobenguane I 123

              phenylephrine decreases effects of iobenguane I 123 by receptor binding competition. Contraindicated. If clinically appropriate, discontinue drugs that compete for NE receptor sites for at least 5 half-lives; may cause false-negative imaging results.

            • isocarboxazid

              isocarboxazid increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • linezolid

              linezolid increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • mifepristone

              aspirin, mifepristone. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Aspirin induced antiplatelet activity may induce excessive bleeding after an abortion w/mifepristone (RU 486).

            • phenelzine

              phenelzine increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            Serious - Use Alternative (69)

            • amitriptyline

              amitriptyline, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • amoxapine

              amoxapine, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • benazepril

              aspirin, benazepril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

              benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • cabergoline

              cabergoline, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates

              doxylamine, calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • caplacizumab

              caplacizumab, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

            • captopril

              aspirin, captopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • clomipramine

              clomipramine, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • desflurane

              desflurane increases toxicity of phenylephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

              desflurane increases levels of phenylephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • desipramine

              desipramine, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • dihydroergotamine

              dihydroergotamine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • dihydroergotamine intranasal

              dihydroergotamine intranasal, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • doxapram

              doxapram increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Additive pressor effect.

            • doxepin

              doxepin, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • enalapril

              aspirin, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • ergoloid mesylates

              ergoloid mesylates, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • ergotamine

              ergotamine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • ether

              ether increases toxicity of phenylephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

            • etomidate

              etomidate increases levels of phenylephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • fentanyl

              fentanyl, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • fentanyl intranasal

              fentanyl intranasal, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • fentanyl transdermal

              fentanyl transdermal, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • fentanyl transmucosal

              fentanyl transmucosal, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • fosinopril

              aspirin, fosinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • hydrocodone

              hydrocodone, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • ibuprofen

              ibuprofen decreases effects of aspirin by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Ibuprofen decreases the antiplatelet effects of low-dose aspirin by blocking the active site of platelet cyclooxygenase. Administer ibuprofen 8 h before aspirin or at least 2-4 h after aspirin. The effect of other NSAIDs on aspirin is not established.

              ibuprofen increases toxicity of aspirin by anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. increases risk of bleeding.

            • ibuprofen IV

              ibuprofen IV increases toxicity of aspirin by anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. increases risk of bleeding.

              ibuprofen IV decreases effects of aspirin by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Ibuprofen decreases the antiplatelet effects of low-dose aspirin by blocking the active site of platelet cyclooxygenase. Administer ibuprofen 8 h before aspirin or at least 2-4 h after aspirin. The effect of other NSAIDs on aspirin is not established.

            • imipramine

              imipramine, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • isocarboxazid

              isocarboxazid increases effects of doxylamine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Isocarboxazid should not be administered in combination with antihistamines because of potential additive CNS depressant effects. MAO inhibitors also prolong and intensify anticholinergic effects of antihistamines. .

            • isoflurane

              isoflurane increases toxicity of phenylephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

            • ketorolac

              aspirin, ketorolac. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

            • ketorolac intranasal

              aspirin, ketorolac intranasal. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

            • lemborexant

              lemborexant, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Use of lemborexant with other drugs to treat insomnia is not recommended.

            • lesinurad

              aspirin decreases effects of lesinurad by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Aspirin at doses >325 mg/day may decrease lesinurad efficacy. Aspirin doses 325 mg/day or less (ie, for cardiovascular event prophylaxis) does not decrease lesinurad efficacy and can be coadministered.

            • lisinopril

              aspirin, lisinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • lofepramine

              lofepramine, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • macimorelin

              aspirin, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that directly affect the pituitary secretion of growth hormone (GH) may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin. .

            • maprotiline

              maprotiline, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live

              aspirin, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of Reye's Syndrome with combination; avoid salicylate use for 6 wks after vaccination.

            • methotrexate

              aspirin increases levels of methotrexate by decreasing renal clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Caution should be exercised when salicylates are given in combination with methotrexate. Risk for drug interactions with methotrexate is greatest during high-dose methotrexate therapy, it has been recommended that any of these drugs be used cautiously with methotrexate even when methotrexate is used in low doses.

            • methoxyflurane

              methoxyflurane increases toxicity of phenylephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

            • methylene blue

              methylene blue and doxylamine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If drug combination must be administered, monitor for evidence of serotonergic or opioid-related toxicities

            • methylergonovine

              methylergonovine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • metoclopramide intranasal

              doxylamine, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.

            • mifepristone

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of mifepristone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

            • mitotane

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of mitotane by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

            • moexipril

              aspirin, moexipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • nortriptyline

              nortriptyline, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • olopatadine intranasal

              doxylamine and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

            • pemetrexed

              aspirin increases levels of pemetrexed by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Interrupt dosing in all patients taking NSAIDs with long elimination half-lives for at least 5d before, the day of, and 2d following pemetrexed administration. If coadministration of an NSAID is necessary, closely monitor patients for toxicity, especially myelosuppression, renal toxicity, and GI toxicity.

            • perindopril

              aspirin, perindopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • probenecid

              aspirin decreases effects of probenecid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Aspirin decreases uricosuric action of probenecid.

            • propofol

              propofol increases levels of phenylephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • protriptyline

              protriptyline, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • quinapril

              aspirin, quinapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • ramipril

              aspirin, ramipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • selinexor

              selinexor, doxylamine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Patients treated with selinexor may experience neurological toxicities. Avoid taking selinexor with other medications that may cause dizziness or confusion.

            • sevoflurane

              sevoflurane increases toxicity of phenylephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

              sevoflurane increases levels of phenylephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • sodium oxybate

              doxylamine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • sufentanil SL

              sufentanil SL, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in hypotension, profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • ticlopidine

              aspirin increases effects of ticlopidine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Enhanced risk of hemorrhage.

            • trandolapril

              aspirin, trandolapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • tranylcypromine

              tranylcypromine increases effects of doxylamine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tranylcypromine should not be administered in combination with antihistamines because of potential additive CNS depressant effects. MAO inhibitors also prolong and intensify anticholinergic effects of antihistamines. .

            • trazodone

              trazodone, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • trimipramine

              trimipramine, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • valerian

              valerian and doxylamine both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

            • varicella virus vaccine live

              aspirin, varicella virus vaccine live. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of Reye's Syndrome with combination; avoid salicylate use for 6 wks after vaccination.

            • yohimbe

              yohimbe, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            Monitor Closely (517)

            • abciximab

              aspirin, abciximab. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • acalabrutinib

              acalabrutinib increases effects of aspirin by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of acalabrutinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase risk of hemorrhage. Monitor for signs of bleeding and consider the benefit-risk of withholding acalabrutinib for 3-7 days presurgery and postsurgery depending upon the type of surgery and the risk of bleeding.

            • acebutolol

              acebutolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of acebutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • aceclofenac

              aceclofenac and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aceclofenac and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • acemetacin

              acemetacin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              acemetacin and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • acetazolamide

              acetazolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.

              acetazolamide, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Use Caution/Monitor. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; risk of CNS toxicity. Salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

            • acrivastine

              acrivastine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • agrimony

              aspirin and agrimony both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • albuterol

              albuterol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin increases and albuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              albuterol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alfalfa

              aspirin and alfalfa both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alfentanil

              alfentanil increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alfentanil

              doxylamine and alfentanil both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alfuzosin

              aspirin decreases effects of alfuzosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • aliskiren

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of aliskiren by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, coadministration of NSAIDs with drugs that affect RAAS may increase the risk of renal impairment (including acute renal failure) and cause loss of antihypertensive effect. Monitor renal function periodically.

            • alprazolam

              alprazolam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              alprazolam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alteplase

              aspirin, alteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • amitriptyline

              amitriptyline increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • American ginseng

              aspirin and American ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amifampridine

              doxylamine increases toxicity of amifampridine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Amifampridine can cause seizures. Coadministration with drugs that lower seizure threshold may increase this risk.

            • amiloride

              amiloride and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • amisulpride

              amisulpride and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amitriptyline

              doxylamine and amitriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amobarbital

              amobarbital increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              amobarbital and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amoxapine

              amoxapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and amoxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amoxicillin

              amoxicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

              amoxicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • arformoterol

              arformoterol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              arformoterol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ampicillin

              ampicillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • anagrelide

              aspirin, anagrelide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; increases risk of bleeding; monitor closely.

              anagrelide, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; increases risk of bleeding; monitor closely.

            • antithrombin alfa

              antithrombin alfa and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin, antithrombin alfa. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • antithrombin III

              antithrombin III and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin, antithrombin III. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • apixaban

              aspirin and apixaban both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspiriin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin. In 1 trial (APPRAISE-2), therapy was terminated because of significantly increased bleeding when apixaban was administered with dual antiplatelet therapy (eg, aspirin plus clopidogrel) compared with single antiplatelet treatment

            • apomorphine

              doxylamine and apomorphine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • arformoterol

              aspirin increases and arformoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • argatroban

              argatroban and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin, argatroban. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • aripiprazole

              aripiprazole increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and aripiprazole both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • armodafinil

              armodafinil and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • asenapine

              aspirin decreases effects of asenapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

              asenapine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • asenapine transdermal

              asenapine transdermal and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • atenolol

              atenolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of atenolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • atomoxetine

              atomoxetine, phenylephrine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Due to the potential for increases in blood pressure and heart rate, atomoxetine should be used cautiously with vasopressors such as phenylephrine.

            • avapritinib

              avapritinib and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • azelastine

              azelastine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              azelastine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • azficel-T

              azficel-T, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking aspirin may experience increased bruising or bleeding at biopsy and/or injection sites. Concomitant use of aspirin is not recommended. .

            • belladonna and opium

              belladonna and opium increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • azilsartan

              aspirin, azilsartan. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

              aspirin decreases effects of azilsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

            • baclofen

              doxylamine and baclofen both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • belladonna and opium

              doxylamine and belladonna and opium both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bemiparin

              bemiparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • benazepril

              benazepril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • bendroflumethiazide

              aspirin increases and bendroflumethiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benperidol

              benperidol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and benperidol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

              benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benzphetamine

              benzphetamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              benzphetamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benzphetamine

              doxylamine increases and benzphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • betaxolol

              betaxolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of betaxolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • betrixaban

              aspirin, betrixaban. Either increases levels of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bimatoprost

              bimatoprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

            • bisoprolol

              bisoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • bivalirudin

              bivalirudin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin, bivalirudin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • brexanolone

              brexanolone, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brexpiprazole

              brexpiprazole and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brimonidine

              brimonidine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brinzolamide

              brinzolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.

            • brivaracetam

              brivaracetam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bromocriptine

              bromocriptine, phenylephrine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypertension, V tach.

            • brompheniramine

              brompheniramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              brompheniramine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bumetanide

              aspirin increases and bumetanide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • buprenorphine buccal

              buprenorphine buccal increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine

              doxylamine and buprenorphine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine buccal

              doxylamine and buprenorphine buccal both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine subdermal implant

              buprenorphine subdermal implant and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine transdermal

              buprenorphine transdermal and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine, long-acting injection

              doxylamine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

              buprenorphine, long-acting injection and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butabarbital

              butabarbital and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              butabarbital increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butalbital

              butalbital and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              butalbital increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butorphanol

              butorphanol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and butorphanol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • caffeine

              caffeine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • candesartan

              candesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of candesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              candesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • captopril

              captopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • carbenoxolone

              aspirin increases and carbenoxolone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carbinoxamine

              carbinoxamine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              carbinoxamine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carisoprodol

              doxylamine and carisoprodol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chloral hydrate

              chloral hydrate increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carvedilol

              carvedilol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of carvedilol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • celecoxib

              aspirin and celecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and celecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • celiprolol

              celiprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of celiprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • cenobamate

              cenobamate, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chloral hydrate

              chloral hydrate and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlordiazepoxide

              chlordiazepoxide and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              chlordiazepoxide increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorothiazide

              aspirin increases and chlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpheniramine

              chlorpheniramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpheniramine

              chlorpheniramine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpromazine

              doxylamine and chlorpromazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              chlorpromazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

              chlorpromazine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpropamide

              aspirin increases effects of chlorpropamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • cinnarizine

              cinnarizine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorthalidone

              aspirin increases and chlorthalidone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorzoxazone

              doxylamine and chlorzoxazone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • choline magnesium trisalicylate

              aspirin and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cilostazol

              aspirin, cilostazol. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • cinnamon

              aspirin and cinnamon both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cinnarizine

              cinnarizine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ciprofloxacin

              aspirin decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Buffered aspirin may decrease absorption of quinolones. Consider administering 2 hr before or 6 hr after, buffered aspirin administration.

            • citalopram

              citalopram, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. If possible, avoid concurrent use.

            • clemastine

              clemastine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              clemastine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clobazam

              doxylamine, clobazam. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Concomitant administration can increase the potential for CNS effects (e.g., increased sedation or respiratory depression).

            • clomipramine

              clomipramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clomipramine

              clomipramine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. Clomipramine inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

              doxylamine and clomipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clonazepam

              clonazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              clonazepam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clopidogrel

              aspirin, clopidogrel. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • clorazepate

              clorazepate increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clonidine

              clonidine, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration enhances CNS depressant effects.

            • clorazepate

              clorazepate and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clozapine

              clozapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and clozapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • codeine

              doxylamine and codeine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              codeine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • collagenase clostridium histolyticum

              aspirin increases toxicity of collagenase clostridium histolyticum by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum has high incidence of ecchymosis/contusion at injection site; avoid concomitant anticoagulants (except for low-dose aspirin, ie, up to 150 mg/day).

            • cyclizine

              cyclizine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cordyceps

              aspirin and cordyceps both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cortisone

              aspirin, cortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • cyclizine

              cyclizine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyclobenzaprine

              doxylamine and cyclobenzaprine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyclopenthiazide

              aspirin increases and cyclopenthiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyproheptadine

              cyproheptadine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              cyproheptadine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dabigatran

              dabigatran and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin

            • desipramine

              desipramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dalteparin

              dalteparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin, dalteparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • dantrolene

              doxylamine and dantrolene both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • daridorexant

              doxylamine and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

            • deferasirox

              deferasirox, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase GI bleeding, ulceration and irritation. Use with caution.

            • defibrotide

              defibrotide increases effects of aspirin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Defibrotide may enhance effects of platelet inhibitors.

            • deflazacort

              aspirin, deflazacort. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • desipramine

              doxylamine and desipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • desirudin

              aspirin, desirudin. Either increases levels of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • deutetrabenazine

              doxylamine and deutetrabenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexamethasone

              aspirin, dexamethasone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • dexchlorpheniramine

              dexchlorpheniramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dexchlorpheniramine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexfenfluramine

              doxylamine increases and dexfenfluramine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dexfenfluramine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dexfenfluramine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexmedetomidine

              dexmedetomidine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dexmedetomidine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexmethylphenidate

              dexmethylphenidate and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dexmethylphenidate and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dextromoramide

              doxylamine and dextromoramide both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dextroamphetamine

              dextroamphetamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dextroamphetamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dextromoramide

              dextromoramide increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diamorphine

              doxylamine and diamorphine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              diamorphine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diazepam

              diazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diethylpropion

              diethylpropion and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              diethylpropion and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diazepam intranasal

              diazepam intranasal, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may potentiate the CNS-depressant effects of each drug.

            • diclofenac

              aspirin and diclofenac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and diclofenac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dicloxacillin

              dicloxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • difelikefalin

              difelikefalin and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • difenoxin hcl

              doxylamine and difenoxin hcl both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              difenoxin hcl increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diflunisal

              aspirin and diflunisal both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and diflunisal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dimenhydrinate

              dimenhydrinate increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • digoxin

              aspirin and digoxin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dimenhydrinate

              dimenhydrinate and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diphenhydramine

              diphenhydramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              diphenhydramine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diphenoxylate hcl

              diphenoxylate hcl increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and diphenoxylate hcl both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dipipanone

              doxylamine and dipipanone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dipipanone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dipyridamole

              aspirin, dipyridamole. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • dobutamine

              dobutamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dobutamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dobutamine

              aspirin increases and dobutamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dong quai

              aspirin and dong quai both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dopamine

              dopamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dopamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dopexamine

              doxylamine increases and dopexamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin increases and dopexamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dopexamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dopexamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dosulepin

              doxylamine and dosulepin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxepin

              doxepin increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxazosin

              aspirin decreases effects of doxazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • doxepin

              doxylamine and doxepin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • droperidol

              droperidol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and droperidol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • drospirenone

              drospirenone and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • droxidopa

              phenylephrine and droxidopa both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk for supine hypertension

            • duloxetine

              duloxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • edoxaban

              edoxaban, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin.

            • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

              elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of emtricitabine and tenofovir with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

            • enalapril

              enalapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • enoxaparin

              enoxaparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive effects are intended when both drugs are prescribed as indicated for unstable angina, non-Q-wave MI, and STEMI

              aspirin, enoxaparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • ephedrine

              aspirin increases and ephedrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ephedrine, phenylephrine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ephedrine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ephedrine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine

              epinephrine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin increases and epinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              epinephrine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine inhaled

              phenylephrine, epinephrine inhaled. Either increases effects of the other by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine racemic

              aspirin increases and epinephrine racemic decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine racemic

              epinephrine racemic and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              epinephrine racemic and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epoprostenol

              aspirin and epoprostenol both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • eprosartan

              eprosartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of eprosartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              eprosartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • eptifibatide

              aspirin, eptifibatide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • escitalopram

              escitalopram, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • esketamine intranasal

              esketamine intranasal, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • esmolol

              esmolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of esmolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • estazolam

              estazolam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              estazolam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ethacrynic acid

              aspirin increases and ethacrynic acid decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ethanol

              ethanol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ethanol

              doxylamine and ethanol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • etodolac

              aspirin and etodolac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and etodolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • etomidate

              etomidate and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fenbufen

              aspirin and fenbufen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and fenbufen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fenfluramine

              doxylamine increases and fenfluramine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              fenfluramine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              fenfluramine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fennel

              aspirin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fluphenazine

              fluphenazine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              fluphenazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • fenoprofen

              aspirin and fenoprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and fenoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • feverfew

              aspirin and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fish oil

              fish oil, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking fish oil and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .

            • fish oil triglycerides

              fish oil triglycerides will increase the level or effect of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Prolonged bleeding reported in patients taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants and oral omega-3 fatty acids. Periodically monitor bleeding time in patients receiving fish oil triglycerides and concomitant antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.

            • flibanserin

              doxylamine and flibanserin both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Risk for sedation increased if flibanserin is coadministration with other CNS depressants.

            • fludrocortisone

              aspirin, fludrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • fluoxetine

              fluoxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • fluphenazine

              doxylamine and fluphenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • flurazepam

              flurazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              flurazepam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • flurbiprofen

              aspirin and flurbiprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and flurbiprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • formoterol

              formoterol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              formoterol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fluvoxamine

              fluvoxamine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • fondaparinux

              fondaparinux and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • formoterol

              aspirin increases and formoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • forskolin

              aspirin and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fosinopril

              fosinopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • furosemide

              aspirin increases and furosemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • gabapentin

              gabapentin, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

            • gabapentin enacarbil

              gabapentin enacarbil, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

            • ganaxolone

              doxylamine and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • garlic

              aspirin and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • gentamicin

              aspirin increases and gentamicin decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ginger

              aspirin and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ginkgo biloba

              aspirin and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • glimepiride

              aspirin increases effects of glimepiride by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • glipizide

              aspirin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • glyburide

              aspirin increases effects of glyburide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • gotu kola

              gotu kola increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance CNS depression.

            • green tea

              green tea increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. (Theoretical, due to caffeine content). Combination may increase risk of bleeding.

            • griseofulvin

              griseofulvin decreases levels of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • haloperidol

              haloperidol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and haloperidol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hawthorn

              hawthorn increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance CNS depression.

            • hydralazine

              hydralazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Sympathomimetics can antagonize the activity of some antihypertensive agents.

            • heparin

              heparin and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin, heparin. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • hops

              hops increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance CNS depression.

            • horse chestnut seed

              aspirin and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hyaluronidase

              doxylamine decreases effects of hyaluronidase by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Antihistamines, when given in large systemic doses, may render tissues partially resistant to the action of hyaluronidase. Patients may require larger amounts of hyaluronidase for equivalent dispersing effect. .

              aspirin decreases effects of hyaluronidase by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Salicylates, when given in large systemic doses, may render tissues partially resistant to the action of hyaluronidase. Patients may require larger amounts of hyaluronidase for equivalent dispersing effect.

            • hydralazine

              aspirin decreases effects of hydralazine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • hydromorphone

              doxylamine and hydromorphone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              hydromorphone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hydrochlorothiazide

              aspirin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hydroxyzine

              hydroxyzine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hydrocortisone

              aspirin, hydrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • hydroxyzine

              hydroxyzine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ibrutinib

              ibrutinib will increase the level or effect of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Ibrutinib may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies and monitor for signs of bleeding.

            • ibuprofen

              aspirin and ibuprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and ibuprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ibuprofen IV

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen IV by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin and ibuprofen IV both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin and ibuprofen IV both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • icosapent

              icosapent, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Icosapent may prolong bleeding time; monitor periodically if coadministered with other drugs that affect bleeding.

            • iloperidone

              iloperidone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and iloperidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • imatinib

              imatinib, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Imatinib may cause thrombocytopenia; bleeding risk increased when imatinib is coadministered with anticoagulants, NSAIDs, platelet inhibitors, and thrombolytic agents.

            • imipramine

              imipramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • imipramine

              doxylamine and imipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • indacaterol, inhaled

              phenylephrine increases effects of indacaterol, inhaled by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: If additional adrenergic drugs are to be administered by any route, they should be used with caution because the sympathetic effects of indacaterol may be potentiated.

            • indapamide

              aspirin increases and indapamide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • indomethacin

              aspirin and indomethacin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and indomethacin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin aspart

              aspirin increases effects of insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart

              aspirin increases effects of insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin degludec

              aspirin increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

              phenylephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

            • insulin degludec/insulin aspart

              phenylephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec/insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

              aspirin, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

            • insulin detemir

              aspirin increases effects of insulin detemir by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin inhaled

              phenylephrine decreases effects of insulin inhaled by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

            • insulin glargine

              aspirin increases effects of insulin glargine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin glulisine

              aspirin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin inhaled

              aspirin increases effects of insulin inhaled by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin isophane human/insulin regular human

              aspirin increases effects of insulin isophane human/insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin lispro

              aspirin increases effects of insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro

              aspirin increases effects of insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin NPH

              aspirin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • insulin regular human

              aspirin increases effects of insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • irbesartan

              irbesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of irbesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              irbesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • isoproterenol

              isoproterenol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin increases and isoproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              isoproterenol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • kava

              kava increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance CNS depression.

            • ketotifen, ophthalmic

              ketotifen, ophthalmic increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketamine

              ketamine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketoprofen

              aspirin and ketoprofen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and ketoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketorolac

              aspirin and ketorolac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and ketorolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketorolac intranasal

              aspirin and ketorolac intranasal both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and ketorolac intranasal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketotifen, ophthalmic

              doxylamine and ketotifen, ophthalmic both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • labetalol

              labetalol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of labetalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • lasmiditan

              lasmiditan, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of lasmiditan and other CNS depressant drugs, including alcohol have not been evaluated in clinical studies. Lasmiditan may cause sedation, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions.

            • latanoprost

              latanoprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

            • latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic

              latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

            • levalbuterol

              aspirin increases and levalbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              levalbuterol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              levalbuterol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • levomilnacipran

              levomilnacipran, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. SNRIs may further impair platelet activity in patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

            • levorphanol

              levorphanol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • levorphanol

              doxylamine and levorphanol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lisdexamfetamine

              lisdexamfetamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              lisdexamfetamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lisinopril

              lisinopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • lithium

              aspirin increases levels of lithium by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lofepramine

              doxylamine and lofepramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              lofepramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lofexidine

              lofexidine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and lofexidine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • loprazolam

              loprazolam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loprazolam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lorazepam

              lorazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              lorazepam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lormetazepam

              lormetazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              lormetazepam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lornoxicam

              aspirin and lornoxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and lornoxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • loxapine

              loxapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • losartan

              losartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of losartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              losartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • loxapine

              doxylamine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • loxapine inhaled

              loxapine inhaled increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and loxapine inhaled both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lurasidone

              lurasidone, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased CNS depressant effects when used concurrently; monitor for increased adverse effects and toxicity.

            • maprotiline

              maprotiline increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • maprotiline

              doxylamine and maprotiline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • marijuana

              doxylamine and marijuana both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              marijuana increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meclofenamate

              aspirin and meclofenamate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and meclofenamate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • melatonin

              melatonin increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mefenamic acid

              aspirin and mefenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and mefenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • melatonin

              melatonin increases effects of aspirin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Melatonin may decrease prothrombin time.

              doxylamine and melatonin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meloxicam

              aspirin and meloxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and meloxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meperidine

              meperidine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and meperidine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meprobamate

              meprobamate increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and meprobamate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mesalamine

              mesalamine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive nephrotoxicity.

            • metaproterenol

              metaproterenol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              metaproterenol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metaproterenol

              aspirin increases and metaproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metaxalone

              doxylamine and metaxalone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methadone

              doxylamine and methadone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              methadone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methamphetamine

              methamphetamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              methamphetamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methazolamide

              methazolamide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. CAIs also shift salicylates from plasma to the CNS, leading to potential neurotoxicity.

            • methocarbamol

              doxylamine and methocarbamol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methyclothiazide

              aspirin increases and methyclothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

            • methyldopa

              methyldopa increases effects of phenylephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methylenedioxymethamphetamine

              methylenedioxymethamphetamine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine increases and methylenedioxymethamphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              methylenedioxymethamphetamine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methylprednisolone

              aspirin, methylprednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • midazolam

              midazolam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metolazone

              aspirin increases and metolazone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metoprolol

              metoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of metoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • midazolam

              midazolam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • midazolam intranasal

              midazolam intranasal, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.

            • midodrine

              midodrine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              midodrine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • milnacipran

              milnacipran, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • mirtazapine

              doxylamine and mirtazapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              mirtazapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mistletoe

              aspirin increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • modafinil

              modafinil and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • moexipril

              moexipril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • morphine

              doxylamine and morphine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              morphine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • motherwort

              doxylamine and motherwort both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              motherwort increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • moxisylyte

              aspirin decreases effects of moxisylyte by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • moxonidine

              moxonidine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • moxonidine

              doxylamine and moxonidine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mycophenolate

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of mycophenolate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nabilone

              nabilone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and nabilone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nabumetone

              aspirin and nabumetone both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and nabumetone both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nadolol

              nadolol increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypertensive episode (rare).

            • nadolol

              nadolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of nadolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • nafcillin

              nafcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

              nafcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nalbuphine

              nalbuphine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and nalbuphine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • naproxen

              aspirin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • norepinephrine

              norepinephrine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nebivolol

              nebivolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of nebivolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • nefazodone

              nefazodone, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • nettle

              aspirin increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nitazoxanide

              nitazoxanide, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nitroglycerin rectal

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of nitroglycerin rectal by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. The pharmacological effects of nitroglycerin may be enhanced by concomitant administration of aspirin.

            • nitroglycerin sublingual

              aspirin increases effects of nitroglycerin sublingual by additive vasodilation. Use Caution/Monitor. Vasodilatory and hemodynamic effects of NTG may be enhanced by coadministration with aspirin (additive effect desirable for emergent treatment).

            • norepinephrine

              aspirin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nortriptyline

              nortriptyline increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and nortriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • olanzapine

              olanzapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and olanzapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oliceridine

              oliceridine, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • olodaterol inhaled

              phenylephrine and olodaterol inhaled both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution with coadministration of adrenergic drugs by any route because of additive sympathetic effects

            • olmesartan

              olmesartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of olmesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              olmesartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • omega 3 carboxylic acids

              omega 3 carboxylic acids, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3 acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.

            • omega 3 fatty acids

              omega 3 fatty acids, aspirin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Patients taking omega-3-fatty acids and an anticoagulant or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding. .

            • opium tincture

              doxylamine and opium tincture both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              opium tincture increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • orphenadrine

              doxylamine and orphenadrine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxazepam

              oxazepam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ospemifene

              aspirin, ospemifene. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • oxacillin

              oxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

              oxacillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxaprozin

              aspirin and oxaprozin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and oxaprozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxazepam

              oxazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxycodone

              doxylamine and oxycodone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              oxycodone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxymetazoline topical

              oxymetazoline topical and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxymorphone

              doxylamine and oxymorphone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxymorphone

              oxymorphone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxytocin

              oxytocin increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • paliperidone

              doxylamine and paliperidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              paliperidone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • panax ginseng

              aspirin and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • papaveretum

              papaveretum increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • papaveretum

              doxylamine and papaveretum both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • papaverine

              doxylamine and papaverine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • parecoxib

              aspirin and parecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and parecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • paroxetine

              paroxetine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • passion flower

              passion flower increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance CNS depression.

            • pau d'arco

              aspirin and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pegaspargase

              pegaspargase increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of bleeding events.

            • penbutolol

              penbutolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of penbutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • penicillin G aqueous

              penicillin G aqueous, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

              penicillin G aqueous, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pentazocine

              doxylamine and pentazocine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pentazocine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pentobarbital

              pentobarbital and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pentobarbital increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • perindopril

              perindopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin,in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • perphenazine

              perphenazine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              perphenazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • perphenazine

              doxylamine and perphenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phendimetrazine

              phendimetrazine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              phendimetrazine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenelzine

              phenelzine increases effects of doxylamine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Coadministration of phenelzine and antihistamines may result in additive CNS depressant effects. MAO inhibitors also prolong and intensify anticholinergic effects of antihistamines. .

            • phenindione

              phenindione and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • phenobarbital

              phenobarbital and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              phenobarbital increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenoxybenzamine

              aspirin decreases effects of phenoxybenzamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • phentermine

              phentermine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              phentermine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phentolamine

              aspirin decreases effects of phentolamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • phenylephrine PO

              doxylamine increases and phenylephrine PO decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

            • pholcodine

              doxylamine and pholcodine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pholcodine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phytoestrogens

              aspirin and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pimozide

              pimozide increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pimozide

              doxylamine and pimozide both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pindolol

              pindolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of pindolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

              pindolol increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypertensive episode (rare).

            • pirbuterol

              aspirin increases and pirbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pirbuterol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pirbuterol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • piroxicam

              aspirin and piroxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and piroxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • primidone

              primidone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pivmecillinam

              pivmecillinam, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pivmecillinam, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • potassium acid phosphate

              aspirin and potassium acid phosphate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • potassium chloride

              aspirin and potassium chloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • potassium citrate

              aspirin and potassium citrate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • potassium iodide

              potassium iodide and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • prasugrel

              aspirin, prasugrel. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • prazosin

              aspirin decreases effects of prazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • prednisolone

              aspirin, prednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • prednisone

              aspirin, prednisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • pregabalin

              pregabalin, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

            • primidone

              primidone and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • prochlorperazine

              doxylamine and prochlorperazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              prochlorperazine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              prochlorperazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • promazine

              promazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • promethazine

              promethazine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • promethazine

              promethazine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              promethazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • propofol

              propofol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              propofol and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • propranolol

              propranolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of propranolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

              propranolol increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypertensive episode (rare).

            • propylhexedrine

              phenylephrine and propylhexedrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine increases and propylhexedrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              phenylephrine and propylhexedrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • protamine

              protamine and aspirin both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • protriptyline

              protriptyline increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • protriptyline

              doxylamine and protriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pseudoephedrine

              phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • quazepam

              quazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              quazepam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • quetiapine

              quetiapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and quetiapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • quinapril

              quinapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • rasagiline

              rasagiline increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • ramelteon

              doxylamine and ramelteon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ramipril

              ramipril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high doses of aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • reishi

              aspirin and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • remimazolam

              remimazolam, doxylamine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death. Continuously monitor vital signs during sedation and recovery period if coadministered. Carefully titrate remimazolam dose if administered with opioid analgesics and/or sedative/hypnotics.

            • reteplase

              aspirin, reteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • risperidone

              risperidone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and risperidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • rivaroxaban

              aspirin, rivaroxaban. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin (<100 mg/day) with anticoagulants are common for patients with cardiovascular disease, but may result in increased bleeding; monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if treated concomitantly with low-dose aspirin. Avoid coadministration with chronic use of higher dose aspirin.

            • safinamide

              phenylephrine and safinamide both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor patients for hypertension if safinamide is prescribed concomitantly with prescription or nonprescription sympathomimetics, including nasal, oral, or ophthalmic decongestants and cold remedies.

            • rivastigmine

              rivastigmine increases toxicity of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor patients for symptoms of active or occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

            • sacubitril/valsartan

              sacubitril/valsartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              sacubitril/valsartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

              aspirin decreases effects of sacubitril/valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

            • salicylates (non-asa)

              aspirin and salicylates (non-asa) both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and salicylates (non-asa) both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • salmeterol

              aspirin increases and salmeterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              salmeterol and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              salmeterol and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • salsalate

              aspirin and salsalate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and salsalate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • scullcap

              scullcap increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • saw palmetto

              saw palmetto increases toxicity of aspirin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk of bleeding.

            • scullcap

              doxylamine and scullcap both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • secobarbital

              secobarbital increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              secobarbital and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • selegiline

              selegiline increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • selumetinib

              aspirin and selumetinib both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. An increased risk of bleeding may occur in patients taking a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib. Monitor for bleeding and INR or PT in patients coadministered a vitamin-K antagonist or an antiplatelet agent with selumetinib.

            • serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate

              serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sertraline

              sertraline, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • Siberian ginseng

              aspirin and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sevoflurane

              sevoflurane and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • shepherd's purse

              doxylamine and shepherd's purse both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              shepherd's purse increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • silodosin

              aspirin decreases effects of silodosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • solriamfetol

              phenylephrine and solriamfetol both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid

              aspirin, sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May be associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

            • sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

              sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of aspirin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

            • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

              sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of aspirin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

            • sotalol

              sotalol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of sotalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • sparsentan

              aspirin and sparsentan both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of NSAIDS, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, may result in deterioration of kidney function (eg, possible kidney failure). Monitor for signs of worsening renal function with concomitant use with NSAIDs.

            • spironolactone

              spironolactone and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              aspirin decreases effects of spironolactone by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. When used concomitantly, spironolactone dose may need to be titrated to higher maintenance dose and the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect is obtained.

            • stiripentol

              stiripentol, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use stiripentol with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may increase the risk of sedation and somnolence.

            • succinylcholine

              aspirin and succinylcholine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sufentanil

              sufentanil increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and sufentanil both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sulfamethoxazole

              aspirin, sulfamethoxazole. Either increases effects of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to high protein binding capacity of both drugs, one may displace the other when coadministered leading to an enhanced effect of the displaced drug; risk is low with low dose aspirin.

            • tapentadol

              tapentadol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sulfasalazine

              aspirin and sulfasalazine both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and sulfasalazine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sulindac

              aspirin and sulindac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and sulindac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tafluprost

              tafluprost, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

            • tapentadol

              doxylamine and tapentadol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • telmisartan

              telmisartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of telmisartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              telmisartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • temazepam

              temazepam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              temazepam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • temocillin

              temocillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

              temocillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • terbutaline

              terbutaline and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              terbutaline and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tenecteplase

              aspirin, tenecteplase. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • terazosin

              aspirin decreases effects of terazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • terbutaline

              aspirin increases and terbutaline decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • thioridazine

              thioridazine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              thioridazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

              doxylamine and thioridazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • thiothixene

              doxylamine and thiothixene both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              thiothixene increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ticagrelor

              aspirin, ticagrelor. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Maintenance doses of aspirin above 100 mg decreases effectiveness of ticagrelor. Therefore, after the initial loading dose of aspirin (usually 325 mg), use ticagrelor with a maintenance dose of aspirin of 75-100 mg.

            • timolol

              timolol increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypertensive episode (rare).

            • ticarcillin

              ticarcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ticarcillin, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • timolol

              timolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of timolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • tirofiban

              aspirin, tirofiban. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents are common for patients with cardiovascular disease; monitor closely.

            • tobramycin inhaled

              tobramycin inhaled and aspirin both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concurrent or sequential use to decrease risk for ototoxicity

            • tolazamide

              aspirin increases effects of tolazamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • tolbutamide

              aspirin increases effects of tolbutamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • tolfenamic acid

              aspirin and tolfenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and tolfenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tolmetin

              aspirin and tolmetin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin and tolmetin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tolvaptan

              aspirin and tolvaptan both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • topiramate

              topiramate increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              doxylamine and topiramate both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • torsemide

              aspirin increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tramadol

              tramadol increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tramadol

              doxylamine and tramadol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • trandolapril

              trandolapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly and volume depleted.

            • travoprost ophthalmic

              travoprost ophthalmic, aspirin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

            • trazodone

              trazodone, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

              doxylamine and trazodone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trazodone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

              aspirin, triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Aspirin in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia should used with caution. Clearance of salicylates may increase with concurrent use of corticosteroids.

            • triazolam

              triazolam increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triazolam

              triazolam and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triamterene

              triamterene and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • triclofos

              doxylamine and triclofos both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              triclofos increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • trifluoperazine

              doxylamine and trifluoperazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trifluoperazine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trifluoperazine, phenylephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • trimipramine

              trimipramine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and trimipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triprolidine

              triprolidine and doxylamine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              triprolidine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • valerian

              valerian increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance CNS depression.

            • xylometazoline

              phenylephrine and xylometazoline both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              phenylephrine and xylometazoline both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • valproic acid

              aspirin increases levels of valproic acid by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • valsartan

              valsartan and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aspirin decreases effects of valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              valsartan, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • venlafaxine

              venlafaxine, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

            • voclosporin

              voclosporin, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

            • vorapaxar

              aspirin, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or other drug affecting coagulation should be monitored periodically due to potential increased risk of bleeding.

              aspirin, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive antiplatelet effect may occur.

            • vortioxetine

              aspirin, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk minimal with low-dose aspirin.

            • warfarin

              aspirin increases effects of warfarin by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid coadministration of chronic high-dose aspirin. Aspirin's antiplatelet properties may increase anticoagulation effect of warfarin. The need for simultaneous use of low-dose aspirin and warfarin is common for patients with cardiovascular disease. .

            • xylometazoline

              doxylamine increases and xylometazoline decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • yohimbine

              yohimbine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              phenylephrine and yohimbine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • zanubrutinib

              aspirin, zanubrutinib. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Zanubrutinib-induced cytopenias increases risk of hemorrhage. Coadministration of zanubritinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase this risk.

            • ziconotide

              ziconotide increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and ziconotide both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ziprasidone

              ziprasidone increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxylamine and ziprasidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • zotepine

              aspirin decreases effects of zotepine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

              doxylamine and zotepine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            Minor (112)

            • aceclofenac

              aceclofenac will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • acemetacin

              acemetacin will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • acetazolamide

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of acetazolamide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • acyclovir

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of acyclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • alendronate

              aspirin, alendronate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

            • alfuzosin

              alfuzosin, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • aluminum hydroxide

              aluminum hydroxide, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

            • amikacin

              aspirin increases levels of amikacin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

            • aminohippurate sodium

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of aminohippurate sodium by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • anamu

              aspirin and anamu both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • anastrozole

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of anastrozole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ascorbic acid

              ascorbic acid will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              aspirin decreases levels of ascorbic acid by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              ascorbic acid increases levels of aspirin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • asenapine

              asenapine, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ashwagandha

              ashwagandha increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May enhance CNS depression.

            • balsalazide

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of balsalazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • bendroflumethiazide

              bendroflumethiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • bismuth subsalicylate

              bismuth subsalicylate increases effects of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • brimonidine

              brimonidine increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased CNS depression.

            • bumetanide

              aspirin, bumetanide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Salicylates are less likely than other NSAIDs to interact w/bumetanide.

            • calcium carbonate

              calcium carbonate, aspirin. Mechanism: passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylate levels increased at moderate doses; salicylate levels decreased at large doses (d/t increased renal excretion of unchanged salicylic acid).

            • cefadroxil

              cefadroxil will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cefamandole

              cefamandole will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cefepime

              cefepime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cefixime

              cefixime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cefpirome

              cefpirome will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cefprozil

              cefprozil will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ceftazidime

              ceftazidime will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ceftibuten

              ceftibuten will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • celecoxib

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of celecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cephalexin

              cephalexin will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ceritinib

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of ceritinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • chlorothiazide

              chlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • chlorpropamide

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of chlorpropamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              aspirin increases effects of chlorpropamide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • chlorthalidone

              chlorthalidone will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • choline magnesium trisalicylate

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • chromium

              aspirin increases levels of chromium by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cortisone

              cortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • creatine

              creatine, aspirin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction) Combination may have additive nephrotoxic effects.

            • cyanocobalamin

              aspirin decreases levels of cyanocobalamin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cyclopenthiazide

              cyclopenthiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cyclophosphamide

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of cyclophosphamide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • danshen

              aspirin and danshen both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • deflazacort

              deflazacort decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • desmopressin

              desmopressin increases effects of phenylephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • devil's claw

              aspirin and devil's claw both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • dexamethasone

              dexamethasone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • diclofenac

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of diclofenac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • diclofenac topical

              diclofenac topical, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Although low, there is systemic exposure to diclofenac topical; theoretically, concomitant administration with systemic NSAIDS or aspirin may result in increased NSAID adverse effects.

            • diflunisal

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of diflunisal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • diltiazem

              diltiazem increases effects of aspirin by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Enhanced antiplatelet activity.

            • doxazosin

              doxazosin, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • eplerenone

              aspirin decreases effects of eplerenone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • ethanol

              ethanol increases toxicity of aspirin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI bleeding.

            • etodolac

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of etodolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • eucalyptus

              eucalyptus increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              doxylamine and eucalyptus both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • fenbufen

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of fenbufen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • moxisylyte

              moxisylyte, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • fenoprofen

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of fenoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • feverfew

              aspirin decreases effects of feverfew by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • fludrocortisone

              fludrocortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • flurbiprofen

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of flurbiprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • folic acid

              aspirin decreases levels of folic acid by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • furosemide

              aspirin decreases effects of furosemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • ganciclovir

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • gentamicin

              aspirin increases levels of gentamicin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

            • glimepiride

              aspirin increases effects of glimepiride by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • glipizide

              aspirin increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • glyburide

              aspirin increases effects of glyburide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • hydrochlorothiazide

              hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • hydrocortisone

              hydrocortisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ibuprofen

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • imidapril

              aspirin decreases effects of imidapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • indapamide

              indapamide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • indomethacin

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of indomethacin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ketoprofen

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ketorolac

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketorolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ketorolac intranasal

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of ketorolac intranasal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • L-methylfolate

              aspirin decreases levels of L-methylfolate by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • larotrectinib

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of larotrectinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • levoketoconazole

              aspirin will decrease the level or effect of levoketoconazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • lornoxicam

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of lornoxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • meclofenamate

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of meclofenamate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • mefenamic acid

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of mefenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • meloxicam

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of meloxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • mesalamine

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of mesalamine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • methyclothiazide

              methyclothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • methylprednisolone

              methylprednisolone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • metolazone

              metolazone will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • nabumetone

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of nabumetone by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • naproxen

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • neomycin PO

              aspirin increases levels of neomycin PO by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

            • nettle

              nettle increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (High dose nettle; theoretical interaction) May enhance CNS depression.

            • noni juice

              aspirin and noni juice both increase serum potassium. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ofloxacin

              ofloxacin, aspirin. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of CNS stimulation/seizure. Mechanism: Displacement of GABA from receptors in brain.

            • oxaprozin

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of oxaprozin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • parecoxib

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of parecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • paromomycin

              aspirin increases levels of paromomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

            • penicillin VK

              penicillin VK, aspirin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • pentazocine

              aspirin, pentazocine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Possible risk of renal papillary necrosis w/chronic Tx.

            • phenoxybenzamine

              phenoxybenzamine, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • phentolamine

              phentolamine, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • piperacillin

              piperacillin, aspirin. Either increases effects of the other by receptor binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Salicylic acid could be displaced from protein binding sites or it could itself displace other protein-bound drugs and result in an enhanced effect of the displaced drug.

            • piroxicam

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of piroxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • prazosin

              prazosin, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • prednisolone

              prednisolone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • prednisone

              prednisone decreases levels of aspirin by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • rose hips

              rose hips will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              aspirin decreases levels of rose hips by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              rose hips increases levels of aspirin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • sage

              sage increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              doxylamine and sage both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • Siberian ginseng

              Siberian ginseng increases effects of doxylamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May enhance CNS depression.

            • silodosin

              silodosin, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • salicylates (non-asa)

              aspirin will increase the level or effect of salicylates (non-asa) by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • terazosin

              terazosin, phenylephrine. Either decreases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

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            Adverse Effects

            Frequency Not Defined

            Dysrhythmias

            Hypotension

            Tachycardia

            Agitation

            Cerebral edema

            Coma

            Confusion

            Dizziness

            Headache

            Subdural or intracranial hemorrhage

            Lethargy

            Hives

            Rash

            May potential peptic ulcer & cause stomach distress or heartburn

            Dyspepsia

            GI bleeding

            Ulceration & perforation

            Nausea

            Vomiting

            Prolonged prothrombin time

            Sedation

            Sleepiness

            Urinary retention

            Xerostomia

            Increased appetite

            Thickening of mucus in nose or throat

            Restlessness

            Headache

            Hypertension

            Severe peripheral & visceral vasoconstriction

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            Warnings

            Contraindications

            Hypersensitivity

            Liver damage

            Hypoprothrombinemia

            Vitamin K deficiency

            Bleeding disorders

            Asthma

            Due to association of aspirin w/ Reye syndrome, do not use in children (<16 y) with viral infections

            Use within 14 days of MAO inhibitor therapy

            Narrow-angle glaucoma

            Symptomatic prostate hypertrophy

            Bladder-neck obstruction

            Cautions

            Aspirin: May cause transient decrease in renal function and aggravate chronic kidney disease; avoid use in patients with severe anemia, history of blood coagulation defects, or taking anticoagulants

            Dextromethorphan: Do not take for persistent or chronic cough associated with smoking, asthma, or emphysema, or if it is accompanied by excessive phlegm unless directed by a healthcare provider; may decrease respiration rate

            Doxylamine: May exacerbate angle closure glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer, or urinary tract obstruction; xerostomia may occur

            Phenylephrine: Caution in elderly patients, hyperthyroidism, myocardial disease, bradycardia, partial heart block or severe atherosclerosis

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            Pregnancy & Lactation

            Pregnancy category: D, avoid aspirin during pregnancy, especially during third trimester (risk for premature closure of ductus arteriosus)

            Lactation: excreted in breast milk; do not breast feed

            Pregnant or breastfeeding patients should seek advice of health professional before using OTC drugs

            Pregnancy Categories

            A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

            B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

            C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

            D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

            X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

            NA: Information not available.

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            Pharmacology

            Mechanism of Action

            Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase; acetyl group responsible for inactivation of cyclooxygenase via acetylation; hydrolyzed rapidly in plasma, in turn, inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to PGI2 (potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet activation) and thromboxane A2 (potent vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregate)

            Doxylamine competitively blocks histamine from binding to H1 receptors; significant antimuscarinic activity and penetrates CNS, which causes pronounced tendency to induce sedation

            Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant that acts centrally on the cough center in medulla

            Phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor & decongestant that relieves symptoms resulting from irritation of upper respiratory tract tissue; shrinks swollen mucous membranes, reduces nasal congestion and tissue hyperemia

            Pharmacokinetics

            Aspirin

            • Bioavailability: 80-100%
            • Onset: 5-30 min (PO); 1-2 hr (PR)
            • Duration: 3-6 hr (PO); >7 hr (PR)
            • Peak plasma time: 0.25-3 hr (PO); 4-5hr (PR)
            • Vd: 0.15-0.2 L/kg
            • Protein binding: 90-95%
            • Metabolism: Liver (microsomal enzyme system)
            • Half-life: 2-3 hr (low dose); 15-30 hr (higher dose)
            • Renal clearance: 80-100%
            • Excretion: Urine (80-100%)

            Doxylamine

            • Peak plasma time: 2-3 hr
            • Half-life: 10-12 hr
            • Excretion: Urine
            • Metabolism: Liver (CYP450)

            Dextromethorphan

            • Onset: 15-30 min
            • Duration: 3-6 hr
            • Metabolism: Hepatic P450 enzyme CYP2D6
            • Excretion: Urine
            • Half-life: 2-4 hr (extensive metabolizers); 24 hr (poor metabolizers)
            • Peak plasma time: 2-3 hr

            Phenylephrine

            • Half-life: 2-3 hr
            • Onset: 10-15 min
            • Duration: 15 min
            • Bioavailability: < 38%
            • Excretion: Urine (80-90%)
            • Peak plasma time: 0.75-2 hr
            • Vd: 26-61 L
            • Vdss: 340 L
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            Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.