Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injection, lyophilized powder for reconstitution
- 50mg (Evomela, generic)
tablet
- 2mg (generic)
Multiple Myeloma
Palliative treatment
- Tablets only: Indicated for palliative treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM)
- 6 mg PO qDay for 2-3 weeks, OR
- 10 mg PO qDay for 7-10 days, OR
- 0.15 mg/kg/day PO for 7 days, THEN
- After adequate recovery from toxicity (monitor WBCs and platelets) give 1-3 mg or 0.05 mg/kg PO qDay
Conditioning treatment
- Indicated for use as a high-dose conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic progenitor (stem) cell transplantation in patients with MM
- 100 mg/m²/day IV administered over 30 min for 2 consecutive days (Day -3 and Day -2) prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT, Day 0)
- Patients weighing >130% of their ideal body weight, body surface area should be calculated based on adjusted ideal body weight
Ovarian Cancer
Indicated for palliative treatment of nonresectable epithelial ovarian carcinoma
0.2 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days; repeat q4-5Weeks depending on hematologic tolerance
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment (BUN ≥30 mg/dL): Consider dosage reduction of up to 50%
Orphan Designations
Stem cell transplantation
- High dose conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic progenitor (stem) cell transplantation
- Orphan sponsor: CyDex Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 10513 W. 84th Terrace; Lenexa, KS 66214
Cutaneous melanoma
- Sponsor: Delcath Systems, Inc; 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd Floor; New York, NY 10019
Hepatocellular cancer
- Sponsor: Delcath Systems, Inc; 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd Floor; New York, NY 10019
Ocular (uveal) melanoma
- Sponsor: Delcath Systems, Inc; 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd Floor; New York, NY 10019
Neuroendocrine tumors
- Sponsor: Delcath Systems, Inc; 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd Floor; New York, NY 10019
Retinoblastoma
- Intraocular injection
- Sponsor: Icon Bioscience, Inc; 1253 Reamwood Ave; Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Cholangiocarcinoma
- Sponsor: Delcath Systems, Inc; 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd Floor; New York, NY 10019
Other Indications & Uses
Off-label: Breast cancer, testicular cancer, melanoma
Safety and efficacy not established
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (15)
- adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
melphalan decreases effects of adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- BCG vaccine live
melphalan decreases effects of BCG vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- cholera vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of cholera vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- measles (rubeola) vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of measles (rubeola) vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
melphalan decreases effects of measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live
melphalan decreases effects of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- rotavirus oral vaccine, live
melphalan decreases effects of rotavirus oral vaccine, live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- rubella vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of rubella vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
melphalan decreases effects of smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- typhoid polysaccharide vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of typhoid polysaccharide vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- typhoid vaccine live
melphalan decreases effects of typhoid vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- varicella virus vaccine live
melphalan decreases effects of varicella virus vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- yellow fever vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of yellow fever vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- zoster vaccine live
melphalan decreases effects of zoster vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
Serious - Use Alternative (14)
- axicabtagene ciloleucel
melphalan, axicabtagene ciloleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- brexucabtagene autoleucel
melphalan, brexucabtagene autoleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- ciltacabtagene autoleucel
melphalan, ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- idecabtagene vicleucel
melphalan, idecabtagene vicleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- lisocabtagene maraleucel
melphalan, lisocabtagene maraleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- natalizumab
melphalan, natalizumab. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects.
- nivolumab
melphalan, nivolumab. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use of immunosuppressants (eg, systemic corticosteroids) prior to initiation of nivolumab. Use of immunosuppressants after administration of nivolumab (eg, for treatment of immune-related adverse reactions) is unlikely to affect nivolumab efficacy.
- ocrelizumab
melphalan, ocrelizumab. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects.
- palifermin
palifermin increases toxicity of melphalan by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Palifermin should not be administered within 24 hrbefore, during infusion of, or within 24 hr after administration of antineoplastic agents. Coadministration of palifermin within 24 hr of chemotherapy resulted in increased severity and duration of oral mucositis.
- pimecrolimus
melphalan, pimecrolimus. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects.
- ropeginterferon alfa 2b
ropeginterferon alfa 2b, melphalan. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Myelosuppressive agents can produce additive myelosuppression. Avoid use and monitor patients receiving the combination for effects of excessive myelosuppression.
- tacrolimus
melphalan, tacrolimus. Either decreases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects.
- tisagenlecleucel
melphalan, tisagenlecleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- tofacitinib
melphalan will increase the level or effect of tofacitinib by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use in combination with potent immunosuppressants; concurrent use with antirheumatic doses of methotrexate or nonbiologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is permitted. Agents considered as potent immunosuppressants are not specified, but lower corticosteroid doses (ie, equivalent to prednisone 10 mg/day or less), leflunomide, and antirheumatic doses of methotrexate were permitted in clinical studies.
Monitor Closely (55)
- amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
melphalan increases toxicity of amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for possible increases in renal toxicity, bronchospasm, and hypotension if amphotericin is given concomitantly with melphalan.
- amphotericin B deoxycholate
melphalan increases toxicity of amphotericin B deoxycholate by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for possible increases in renal toxicity, bronchospasm, and hypotension if amphotericin is given concomitantly with melphalan.
- amphotericin B liposomal
melphalan increases toxicity of amphotericin B liposomal by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for possible increases in renal toxicity, bronchospasm, and hypotension if amphotericin is given concomitantly with melphalan.
- amphotericin B phospholipid complex
melphalan increases toxicity of amphotericin B phospholipid complex by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for possible increases in renal toxicity, bronchospasm, and hypotension if amphotericin is given concomitantly with melphalan.
- anthrax vaccine adsorbed
melphalan decreases effects of anthrax vaccine adsorbed by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- belatacept
belatacept and melphalan both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor.
- bendamustine
bendamustine, melphalan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive myelosuppression.
- cyclosporine
melphalan, cyclosporine. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Melphalan may enhance the nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine. Monitor for increased nephrotoxicity in cyclosporine-treated patient who receive melphalan.
melphalan increases toxicity of cyclosporine by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Use Caution/Monitor. - dengue vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of dengue vaccine by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Immunosuppressive therapies (eg, irradiation, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs, corticosteroids [greater than physiologic doses]) may reduce immune response to dengue vaccine.
- denosumab
melphalan, denosumab. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Caution should be taken in patients on concomitant immunosuppressants or with impaired immune systems because of increased risk for serious infections.
melphalan, denosumab. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution should be taken in patients on concomitant immunosuppressants or with impaired immune systems because of increased risk for serious infections. - diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
melphalan decreases effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- diphtheria & tetanus toxoids/ acellular pertussis vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids/ acellular pertussis vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- diphtheria & tetanus toxoids/acellular pertussis/poliovirus, inactivated vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids/acellular pertussis/poliovirus, inactivated vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- echinacea
echinacea decreases effects of melphalan by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Echinacea is reported possess immunostimulatory activity demonstrated by activation of macrophages (releasing interleukin-1), and proliferation of B-lymphocytes; theoretically, may oppose the therapeutic effects of immunosuppressants.
- fingolimod
melphalan increases effects of fingolimod by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects. .
- haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid vaccination during chemotherapy or radiation therapy if possible because antibody response might be suboptimal. Patients vaccinated within a 14-day period before starting or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated =3 months after therapy is discontinued if immune competence has been restored. .
- hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
melphalan decreases effects of hepatitis A vaccine inactivated by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- hepatitis a/b vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of hepatitis a/b vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- hepatitis b vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of hepatitis b vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- HIV vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of HIV vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- human papillomavirus vaccine, nonavalent
melphalan decreases effects of human papillomavirus vaccine, nonavalent by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
melphalan decreases effects of human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- hydroxyurea
melphalan, hydroxyurea. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase risk of myelosuppression.
- influenza A (H5N1) vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of influenza A (H5N1) vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine (H5N1), adjuvanted
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine (H5N1), adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, cell-cultured
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, cell-cultured by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, recombinant
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, recombinant by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine trivalent
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine trivalent by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- isavuconazonium sulfate
melphalan and isavuconazonium sulfate both decrease immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor.
- Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- leflunomide
melphalan, leflunomide. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Monitor for bone marrow suppression at least monthly in patients concomitantly using leflunomide and another immunosuppressant.
- meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
melphalan decreases effects of meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- meningococcal group B vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of meningococcal group B vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- ofatumumab SC
ofatumumab SC, melphalan. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider the risk of additive immune system effects when coadministering immunosuppressive therapies with coadministration. When switching from therapies with immune effects, take into account the duration and mechanism of action of these therapies when initiating ofatumumab SC.
- oxaliplatin
oxaliplatin, melphalan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Combination may increase risk of myelosuppression.
- pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
melphalan decreases effects of pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
melphalan decreases effects of pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
melphalan decreases effects of pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- poliovirus vaccine inactivated
melphalan decreases effects of poliovirus vaccine inactivated by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid vaccination during chemotherapy or radiation therapy if possible because antibody response might be suboptimal. Patients vaccinated within a 14-day period before starting or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated =3 months after therapy is discontinued if immune competence has been restored. .
- rabies vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of rabies vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- rabies vaccine chick embryo cell derived
melphalan decreases effects of rabies vaccine chick embryo cell derived by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- roflumilast
roflumilast will increase the level or effect of melphalan by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects.
- siponimod
siponimod and melphalan both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution if coadministered because of additive immunosuppressive effects during such therapy and in the weeks following administration. When switching from drugs with prolonged immune effects, consider the half-life and mode of action of these drugs to avoid unintended additive immunosuppressive effects.
- sipuleucel-T
melphalan decreases effects of sipuleucel-T by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
melphalan decreases effects of sipuleucel-T by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects. - tetanus & reduced diphtheria toxoids/ acellular pertussis vaccine
melphalan decreases effects of tetanus & reduced diphtheria toxoids/ acellular pertussis vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- tetanus toxoid adsorbed or fluid
melphalan decreases effects of tetanus toxoid adsorbed or fluid by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
- trastuzumab
trastuzumab, melphalan. Either increases toxicity of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Neutropenia or febrile neutropenia incidence were increased when trastuzumab was coadministered with myelosuppressive chemotherapy. .
- trastuzumab deruxtecan
trastuzumab deruxtecan, melphalan. Either increases toxicity of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Neutropenia or febrile neutropenia incidence were increased when trastuzumab was coadministered with myelosuppressive chemotherapy. .
melphalan, trastuzumab deruxtecan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Closely monitor for neutropenia and/or anemia when trastuzumab is used in combination with immunosuppressant agents (particularly with myelosuppressive chemotherapy agents). - voclosporin
voclosporin, melphalan. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.
- zoster vaccine recombinant
melphalan decreases effects of zoster vaccine recombinant by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with immunosuppressant therapy reduced efficacy of the vaccine may occur. If possible, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of immunosuppressant therapy. Patients vaccinated <14 days before initiation or during immunosuppressive therapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is discontinued. .
Minor (4)
- digoxin
melphalan will decrease the level or effect of digoxin by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Antineoplastic agents that cause significant mucositis/stomatitis may be more likely to impair digoxin tablet absorption
- ibuprofen/famotidine
ibuprofen/famotidine decreases levels of melphalan by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- vitamin A
vitamin A, melphalan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Antioxidants such as vitamin A enhance the efficacy, and reduce toxicity, of antineoplastic drugs.
- vitamin E
vitamin E, melphalan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Antioxidants such as vitamin E enhance the efficacy, and reduce toxicity, of antineoplastic drugs.
Adverse Effects
>10%
Myelosuppression (30%)
Frequency Not Defined
Nausea
Vomiting
Interstitial pneumonia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Diarrhea
Stomatitis
Mucositis
Secondary malignancy
Hypersensitivity reaction
Tissue necrosis
Jaundice
Warnings
Black Box Warnings
The drug should be administered under the supervision of an experienced cancer chemotherapy physician
Severe bone marrow suppression that may result in bleeding and infection may occur. Oral melphalan has been reported to be more myelosuppressive than the IV formulation
Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, reported in patients receiving IV formulation
Melphalan is leukemogenic and potentially mutagenic (carcinogenic) in humans
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to melphalan or chlorambucil
Prior resistance to melphalan
Cautions
Renal impairment, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, CLL
Possibility of delayed myelosuppression that can last 4-6 wk
Avoid pregnancy
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
Based on mechanism of action, therapy can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman, including teratogenicity and/or embryo-fetal lethality; product is a genotoxic drug and can cause chromatid or chromosome damage in humans
Contraception
- Females: Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months after last dose
- Males: Drug administration may damage spermatozoa and testicular tissue, resulting in possible genetic fetal abnormalities; advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months after last dose
Infertility
- Females: Therapy causes suppression of ovarian function in premenopausal women, resulting in amenorrhea in a significant number of patients
- Males: Reversible and irreversible testicular suppression has been reported in male patients after administration of melphalan
Animal data
- In animal studies, melphalan was embryolethal and teratogenic in rats at doses below recommended clinical doses; advise a pregnant woman of potential risk to a fetus
Lactation
It is not known whether drug is present in human milk; because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing children from melphalan, breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment and for one week after last dose
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Mechorethamine derivative that inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis via formation of carbonium ions; cross links DNA strands (interstrand and intrastrand crosslinking) causing miscoding breakage and subsequently DNA replication failure
Pharmacokinetics
Peak plasma time: 2 hr
Concentration: 280 ng/mL
Half-Life: 60-120 min (oral), 75 min (IV)
Bioavailability: 60-90%
Vd: 0.5 L/kg
Clearance: 7-9 mL/min/kg
Excretion: Feces (20-50%); urine (10% as unchanged drug)
Dialyzable: No
Administration
IV Incompatibilities
Solution: D5W, LR, NS (NS can be used in short time period)
Y-site: amphotericin B, chlorpromazine
IV Compatibilities
Y-site (partial list): acyclovir, bleomycin, most cephalosporins, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, diphenhydramine, doxorubicin, floxuridine, fluconazole, fludarabine, fluorouracil, furosemide, granisetron, heparin, idarubicin, imipenem-cilastatin, lorazepam, methotrexate, metoclopramide, mitomycin, morphine SO4, ondansetron, KCl, prochlorperazine, promethazine, NaHCO3, teniposide, thiotepa, vancomycin, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, zidovudine
IV Preparation
Use chemotherapy precautions for handling, preparation, administration, and disposal
Alkeran
Reconstitute lyophilized powder
- Rapidly inject 10 mL of the supplied diluent directly into the vial containing lyophilized powder using a needle ≥20-gauge
- Immediately shake vial vigorously until a clear solution is obtained
- Dissolve powder initially with 10 mL of provided diluent to 5 mg/mL
- This results in a 5-mg/mL solution
- Rapid addition of the diluent followed by immediate vigorous shaking is important for proper dissolution
Immediately dilute further
- Immediately dilute solution in 0.9% NaCl to concentration <0.45 mg/mL
- Keep to a minimum (<60 min) time between reconstitution/dilution & administration
- Do not refrigerate solution; precipitation occurs
- Standard dilution: dose/250-500 mL 0.9% NaCl (concentration <0.45 mg/mL); must be prepared fresh
Evomela
Reconstitute lyophilized powder
- Captisol-enabled; propylene glycol-free product
- Use 8.6 mL 0.9% NaCl to reconstitute vial contents (yields 50 mg/10 mL [5 mg/ mL] solution)
- The normal saline used to reconstitute each vial should appear to be assisted or pulled into the vial by the negative pressure (partial vacuum) present in the vial; discard any vial (and replace with another vial) if there is no vacuum present when reconstituting the vial with normal saline
- Reconstituted solution is stable for 24 hr refrigerated (5°C)without any precipitation due to the high solubility or for 1 hr at room temperature
Dilute further
- Calculate the required volume of reconstituted solution needed for the dose and withdraw that volume from the vial(s)
- Add the required dosage volume to the appropriate volume of 0.9% NaCl to a final concentration of 0.45 mg/mL
- Admixture solution is stable for 4 hr at room temperature in addition to the 1 hr following reconstitution
IV Administration
Alkeran
IV infusion
- FDA approved for administration as a single infusion over a minimum of 15-20 min
- Complete administration within 60 min of reconstituting the lyophilized powder
- Avoid skin contact with IV formulation
IV bolus
- May be administered via central line and via peripheral vein as a rapid IV bolus
- Central line: IV bolus doses of 17-200 mg/² reconstituted and not diluted) have been given over 2-20 min
- Peripheral line: IV bolus doses of 2-23 mg/² reconstituted and not diluted) have been given over 1-4 min
Evomela
- Administer prophylactic antiemetic agents
- Palliative: Infuse IV over 15-20 minutes via an injection port or central venous catheter
- Conditioning: Infuse IV over 30 minutes via an injection port or central venous catheter
Oral Administration
Take on empty stomach; oral administration with a high fat meal may reduce melphalan systemic exposure
Storage
Protect from light
Store at room temp (15-30°C)
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| melphalan oral - | 2 mg tablet |  | |
| Alkeran oral - | 2 mg tablet |  |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
melphalan oral
MELPHALAN - ORAL
(MEL-fa-lan)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Alkeran
WARNING: Although melphalan is used to treat cancer, it may rarely increase your risk of developing other cancers. Also, melphalan may cause a severe decrease in your blood cells, which lowers your ability to fight infections and increases the risk of anemia/bleeding problems. You may be more likely to get a serious (rarely fatal) infection or any infection you have may get worse. Tell your doctor right away if you develop unusual growths or lumps, swollen glands, signs of infection (such as a sore throat that doesn't go away, fever, chills), easy or unusual bruising/bleeding, or unusual tiredness.Taking melphalan during pregnancy may increase the risk of birth defects. Also, it may make it harder for men or women to have a child (decreased fertility) after treatment.Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment with this medication.
USES: This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as multiple myeloma, ovarian). Melphalan belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.
HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once a day. Unless otherwise directed by your doctor, drink plenty of fluids to help prevent side effects.The dosage and treatment schedule are based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Carefully follow your doctor's directions for taking this medication.Do not increase your dose or take this medication more often than prescribed. Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of serious side effects will increase.It may take several months before you see a benefit from this drug.Since this drug can be absorbed through the skin and lungs and may harm an unborn baby, women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant should not handle this medication or breathe the dust from the tablets.
SIDE EFFECTS: See also Warning section.Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lip/mouth sores, and loss of appetite may occur. Nausea and vomiting can be severe. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medication to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting. Eating several small meals, not eating before treatment, or limiting activity may help lessen some of these effects. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Temporary hair loss may occur. Normal hair growth should return after treatment has ended.People using this medication may have serious side effects. However, you have been prescribed this drug because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Careful monitoring by your doctor may decrease your risk.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, such as: shortness of breath, stopped menstrual periods (women), symptoms of liver problems (such as stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine).A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, such as: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before taking melphalan, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to chlorambucil; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: bleeding/blood problems, kidney problems, radiation treatment.Melphalan can make you more likely to get infections or may worsen any current infections. Avoid contact with people who have infections that may spread to others (such as chickenpox, measles, flu). Consult your doctor if you have been exposed to an infection or for more details.Tell your health care professional that you are using melphalan before having any immunizations/vaccinations. Avoid contact with people who have recently received live vaccines (such as flu vaccine inhaled through the nose).To lower the chance of getting cut, bruised, or injured, use caution with sharp objects like razors and nail cutters, and avoid activities such as contact sports.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (such as prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not become pregnant while you are using melphalan. Melphalan may harm an unborn baby. If you become pregnant, talk to your doctor right away about the risks and benefits of this medication.Since this drug can be absorbed through the skin and lungs and may harm an unborn baby, women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant should not handle this medication or breathe the dust from the tablets.It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Because of the possible risk to the infant, breast-feeding while using this drug is not recommended. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (such as prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Lab and/or medical tests (such as complete blood count, liver function) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments.
MISSED DOSE: It is important to get each dose of this medication as scheduled. If you miss a dose, ask your doctor or pharmacist right away for a new dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store in the refrigerator away from light and moisture. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).
Information last revised December 2021. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
Formulary
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