St John's Wort (Herb/Suppl)

Depression, Mild-moderate

Preparations vary greatly in chemical quality and content; may be standardized regarding quantity of hypericin (commonly 0.3%) or hyperforin (commonly 3% to 5%) constituents

Hypericin 0.3% standardized extract

• 300 mg PO TID, OR
• 1200 mg PO qDay

Hypericin 0.2% standardized extract: 250 mg PO BID

Hyperforin 5% standardized extract: 300 mg PO TID

Crude: 2-4 g PO qDay-TID

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Hypericin 0.3% standardized extract (XR): 450 mg PO BID

Premenstrual Syndrome

Hypericin 0.3% standardized extract: 300 mg PO qDay

Glioblastoma Multiforme (Orphan)

Orphan indication sponsor

• Nexell Therapeutics, Inc; 2751 Centerville Rd., Suite 210; Wilmington, DE 19808

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Orphan)

Orphan indication sponsor

• Nexell Therapeutics, Inc; 2751 Centerville Rd., Suite 210; Wilmington, DE 19808

Other Information

No more than 8 weeks of use

Avoid abrupt discontinuation due to withdrawal

Contraindicated (45)

• apixaban

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of apixaban by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Reduces anticoagulant effect by decreasing apixaban systemic exposure

• artemether/lumefantrine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of artemether/lumefantrine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration can result in decreased concentrations and loss of antimalarial efficacy

• atazanavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atazanavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• cariprazine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cariprazine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. CYP3A4 is responsible for the formation and elimination of cariprazine's active metabolites. The effect of CYP3A4 inducers on cariprazine exposure has not been evaluated and the net effect is unclear.

• cobimetinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cobimetinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Avoid coadministration. Strong or moderate CYP3A inducers may decrease cobimetinib systemic exposure by >80% and reduce its efficacy.

• darunavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of darunavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with St. John's Wort may result in loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance to darunavir.

• dienogest/estradiol valerate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dienogest/estradiol valerate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Women should not choose estradiol valerate/dienogest as their contraceptive while using strong CYP3A4 inducers due to potential decrease in contraceptive efficacy. Estradiol valerate/dienogest should not be used for at least 28 days after discontinuation of the inducer due to possibility of decreased contraceptive efficacy.

• doravirine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doravirine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of doravirine with a strong CYP3A inducer may decrease doravirine plasma concentrations and/or effects. Potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance to doravirine.

• elbasvir/grazoprevir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of elbasvir/grazoprevir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. The therapeutic effect of elbasvir/grazoprevir may be reduced if coadministered with strong CYP3A inducers and is therefore contraindicated.

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  St John's Wort decreases levels of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. May lead to loss of virologic response and possible resistance.

• etravirine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etravirine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• fosamprenavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fosamprenavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• fostemsavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fostemsavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of fostemsavir (prodrug) with strong CYP3A4 inducers significantly decreases temsavir (active moiety) plasma concentrations, which may lead to loss of virologic response and resistance.

• indinavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of indinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• irinotecan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of irinotecan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Contraindicated.

• isavuconazonium sulfate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of isavuconazonium sulfate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• isocarboxazid

  isocarboxazid and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• ledipasvir/sofosbuvir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Contraindicated. P-gp inducers decrease sofosbuvir levels, and therefore decrease conversion to sofosbuvir's active metabolite (GS-331007) responsible for 90% of pharmacologic effect

• lonafarnib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lonafarnib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Lonafarnib is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers is contraindicated.

• lorlatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lorlatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of lorlatinib with strong CYP3A inducers is contraindicated. Discontinue the strong CYP3A inducer for 3 plasma half-lives before initiating lorlatinib.

• lumacaftor/ivacaftor

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lumacaftor/ivacaftor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A inducers have minimal effect on lumacaftor exposure, but decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%. This may reduce the effectiveness of lumacaftor/ivacaftor. Therefore, coadministration is not recommended.

• lumefantrine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lumefantrine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration can result in decreased concentrations and loss of antimalarial efficacy

• lurasidone

  St John's Wort decreases levels of lurasidone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Contraindicated.

• maraviroc

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of maraviroc by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• mavacamten

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mavacamten by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• naloxegol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of naloxegol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Use of naloxegol with strong CYP3A4 inducers is not recommended

• nelfinavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nelfinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• nirmatrelvir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nirmatrelvir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Nirmatrelvir, a CYP3A4 substrate, is contraindicated with strong CYP3A4 inducers. Significantly reduced nirmatrelvir plasma concentrations may be associated with potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance. Do not initiate nirmatrelvir/ritonavir immediately after discontinuing a strong 3A4 inducer owing to time needed for systemic clearance of the inducer.

• nirmatrelvir/ritonavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Nirmatrelvir, a CYP3A4 substrate, is contraindicated with strong CYP3A4 inducers. Significantly reduced nirmatrelvir plasma concentrations may be associated with potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance. Do not initiate nirmatrelvir/ritonavir immediately after discontinuing a strong 3A4 inducer owing to time needed for systemic clearance of the inducer.

• ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir & dasabuvir (DSC)

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir & dasabuvir (DSC) by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may reduce partiaprevir and ritonavir levels, and therefore decreased efficacy of Viekira Pak

• panobinostat

  St John's Wort decreases levels of panobinostat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A4 inducers can reduce panobinostat levels by ~70% and lead to treatment failure.

• phenelzine

  phenelzine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• procarbazine

  procarbazine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Combination is contraindicated within 2 weeks of MAOI use.

• rasagiline

  rasagiline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• regorafenib

  St John's Wort, regorafenib. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A4 inducers decrease regorafenib levels and increase exposure of the active metabolite M-5.

• rilpivirine

  St John's Wort decreases levels of rilpivirine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Contraindicated. Rilpivirine should not be co-administered with strong CYP 3A4 inducers. Potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the NNRTI class.

• ritonavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ritonavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• roflumilast

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of roflumilast by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration not recommended; strong cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers decrease systemic exposure to roflumilast and may reduce the therapeutic effectiveness

• safinamide

  St John's Wort, safinamide. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome.

• saquinavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of saquinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• selegiline

  selegiline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated. At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of selegiline and initiation of St. John's Wort.

• tipranavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tipranavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• tranylcypromine

  tranylcypromine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• vandetanib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of vandetanib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Avoid coadministration with potent CYP3A4 inducers; these drugs reduce exposure to vandetanib by up to 40%.

• voriconazole

  St John's Wort decreases levels of voriconazole by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated. Voriconazole levels decreased with long term St. John's wort intake.

Serious - Use Alternative (217)

• abemaciclib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of abemaciclib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of abemaciclib with strong CYP3A4 inducers reduces plasma concentration of abemaciclib and its metabolites.

• acalabrutinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of acalabrutinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of acalabrutinib with strong CYP3A inducers. If a strong CYP3A inducer must be used, increase acalabrutinib dose to 200 mg twice daily.

• afatinib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of afatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increase afatinib daily dose by 10 mg as tolerated if chronic therapy with P-gp inducer required; resume previous afatinib dose 2-3 days after P-gp inducer discontinued.

• almotriptan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of almotriptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• alpelisib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alpelisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of alpelisib (CYP3A4 substrate) with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• alprazolam

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alprazolam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aminolevulinic acid oral

  aminolevulinic acid oral, St John's Wort. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during perioperative period.

• aminolevulinic acid topical

  St John's Wort increases toxicity of aminolevulinic acid topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of photosensitizing drugs may enhance the phototoxic reaction to photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid.

• amiodarone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amiodarone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amitriptyline

  amitriptyline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amoxapine

  amoxapine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aprepitant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of aprepitant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aripiprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of aripiprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• atazanavir

  St John's Wort decreases levels of atazanavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• atorvastatin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atorvastatin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• avapritinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of avapritinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• axitinib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of axitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Selection of concomitant medication with no or minimal CYP3A4 induction potential is recommended.

• bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• berotralstat

  St John's Wort decreases levels of berotralstat by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• bictegravir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bictegravir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of strong CYP3A and UGT1A1 inducers can substantially decrease bictegravir plasma concentrations. This may result in the loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance to bictegravir. Coadministration with St John's wort is not recommended.

• brigatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of brigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease brigatinib efficacy.

• budesonide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of budesonide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• buspirone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buspirone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  buspirone and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cabozantinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cabozantinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of cabozantinib with strong CYP3A4 inducers. If a strong CYP3A4 inducer is required, increase cabozantinib dose by 40 mg/day (Cometriq) or by 20 mg/day (Cabometyx). Resume previous dose 2-3 days after strong CYP3A4 inducer discontinued.

• carbamazepine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of carbamazepine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ceritinib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of ceritinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cilostazol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cilostazol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cinacalcet

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cinacalcet by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• citalopram

  citalopram and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Combination may increase risk of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions.

• clomipramine

  clomipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clopidogrel

  St John's Wort will increase the level or effect of clopidogrel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the metabolism of clopidogrel to its active metabolite. Monitor patients for potential increase in antiplatelet effects when CYP3A4 inducers are used in combination with clopidogrel

• clozapine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of clozapine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• conivaptan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conivaptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• conjugated estrogens

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• conjugated estrogens, vaginal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens, vaginal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• copanlisib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of copanlisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of copanlisib with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• cortisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cortisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cyclosporine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cyclosporine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cyclosporine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dabigatran

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dabigatran by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration. P-gp inducers reduce systemic exposure of dabigatran

• daridorexant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of daridorexant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• darifenacin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of darifenacin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• darolutamide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of darolutamide by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Darolutamide is a P-gp and CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadminstration of darolutamide with combined P-gp and strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• dasatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dasatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• deflazacort

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of deflazacort by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of deflazacort with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• desipramine

  desipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desvenlafaxine

  St John's Wort and desvenlafaxine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dexamethasone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexamethasone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dextromethorphan

  dextromethorphan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• diazepam

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of diazepam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dihydroergotamine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dihydroergotamine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dihydroergotamine intranasal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• diltiazem

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of diltiazem by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dolutegravir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dolutegravir by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration; insufficient data to recommend dosage adjustment

• doxepin

  doxepin and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dronedarone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dronedarone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• duloxetine

  duloxetine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• duvelisib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of duvelisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A inducer decreases duvelisib area under the curve (AUC), which may reduce duvelisib efficacy.

• edoxaban

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of edoxaban by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of edoxaban with potent P-gp inducers

• efavirenz

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of efavirenz by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• eletriptan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eletriptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• eliglustat

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eliglustat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A inducers significantly decreases eliglustat exposure; coadministration not recommended

• elvitegravir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of elvitegravir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid; coadministration with CYP3A inducers may result in decreased plasma concentrations of elvitegravir and/or a concomitantly administered protease inhibitor and lead to loss of therapeutic effect and to possible resistance

• erdafitinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erdafitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ergotamine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ergotamine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erlotinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erlotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin base

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin base by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin ethylsuccinate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin ethylsuccinate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin lactobionate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin lactobionate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin stearate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin stearate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• escitalopram

  escitalopram and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• estradiol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estradiol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• estrogens conjugated synthetic

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estrogens conjugated synthetic by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• estropipate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estropipate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ethinylestradiol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ethinylestradiol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. The efficacy of hormonal contraceptives may be reduced. Use of a nonhormonal contraceptive is recommended.

• etonogestrel

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etonogestrel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• everolimus

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of everolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of everolimus by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Contraindicated.

• fedratinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fedratinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Effect of coadministering a strong CYP3A4 inducer with fedratinib has not been studied.

• felodipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of felodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fesoterodine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fesoterodine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fexinidazole

  St John's Wort will increase the level or effect of fexinidazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP450 inducers may significantly increase plasma concentrations of fexinidazole?s active metabolites: fexinidazole sulfoxide (M1) and fexinidazole sulfone (M2). M2 plasma concentrations associated with increased QT prolongation risks.

• finerenone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of finerenone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fludrocortisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fludrocortisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluoxetine

  fluoxetine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluvoxamine

  fluvoxamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fosamprenavir

  St John's Wort decreases levels of fosamprenavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• fostamatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fostamatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ganaxolone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ganaxolone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of ganaxolone with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers. If coadministration unavoidable, consider increasing ganaxolone dose; however, do not exceed maximum daily dose for weight.

• gilteritinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of gilteritinib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Gilteritinib is a P-gp and CYP3A4 substrates. Coadministration of gilteritinib with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer decreases gilteritinib exposure and efficacy.

• glasdegib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of glasdegib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of glasdegib with strong CYP3A inducers.

• glecaprevir/pibrentasvir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of St John's wort (a strong CYP3A4 and P-gp inducer) with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may significantly decrease glecaprevir/pibrentasvir plasma concentrations and AUC. Potential for loss of therapeutic effect.

• hydrocortisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydrocortisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• hydroxyprogesterone caproate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydroxyprogesterone caproate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ibrutinib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of ibrutinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A inducers decrease ibrutinib plasma concentrations by ~10-fold.

• idelalisib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of idelalisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration; strong CYP3A4 inducers significantly decrease idelalisib systemic exposure

• iloperidone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of iloperidone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• imipramine

  imipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• indinavir

  St John's Wort decreases levels of indinavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• infigratinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of infigratinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• iobenguane I 131

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of iobenguane I 131 by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Based on the mechanism of action of iobenguane, drugs that reduce catecholamine uptake or that deplete catecholamine stores may interfere with iobenguane uptake into cells, and thus, reduce iobenguane efficacy. Discontinue interfering drugs for at least 5 half-lives before administration of either the dosimetry or an iobenguane dose. Do not administer these drugs until at least 7 days after each iobenguane dose.

• irinotecan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of irinotecan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• irinotecan liposomal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of irinotecan liposomal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• istradefylline

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of istradefylline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of istradefylline with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• ivabradine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ivabradine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of ivabradine with moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• ivacaftor

  St John's Wort decreases levels of ivacaftor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers; systemic exposure of ivacaftor substantially reduced (ie, ~9-fold).

• ivosidenib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ivosidenib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of ivosidenib with strong CYP3A4 inducers decreased ivosidenib plasma concentrations.

• ixabepilone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ixabepilone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ixazomib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ixazomib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of ixazomib with strong CYP3A inducers. Strong inducers have been shown to decrease ixazomib Cmax by 54% and AUC by 74%.

• lapatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lapatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• larotrectinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of larotrectinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration of larotrectinib with strong CYP3A4 inducers is unavoidable, double larotrectinib dose. Resume prior larotrectinib dose once CYP3A4 inducer discontinued for 3-5 half-lives

• lefamulin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lefamulin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of lefamulin with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers unless the benefit outweighs risks. Monitor for reduced efficacy.

• lemborexant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lemborexant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• letermovir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of letermovir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of letermovir with P-gp inducers is not recommended.

• levomilnacipran

  levomilnacipran and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• linezolid

  linezolid and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Linezolid may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If linezolid must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last linezolid dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.

• lofepramine

  lofepramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lopinavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lopinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• loratadine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of loratadine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lorcaserin

  St John's Wort and lorcaserin both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lovastatin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lovastatin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lumateperone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lumateperone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lurbinectedin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lurbinectedin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• macimorelin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of macimorelin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Potential for false positive test results if macimorelin and strong CYP3A4 inducers are coadministered. Discontinue strong CYP3A4 inducer, allowing for sufficient washout time, before testing.

• maprotiline

  maprotiline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• meperidine

  meperidine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mestranol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mestranol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• methadone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of methadone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• methyl aminolevulinate

  St John's Wort, methyl aminolevulinate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• methylene blue

  methylene blue and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Methylene blue may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If methylene blue must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last methylene blue dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.

• methylprednisolone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of methylprednisolone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• midazolam

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of midazolam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• midostaurin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of midostaurin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease midostaurin concentrations resulting in reduced efficacy.

• milnacipran

  milnacipran and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mobocertinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mobocertinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• naldemedine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of naldemedine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• nefazodone

  nefazodone and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nelfinavir

  St John's Wort decreases levels of nelfinavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• neratinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of neratinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of neratinib with strong/moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• netupitant/palonosetron

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of netupitant/palonosetron by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Netupitant is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4; avoid use in patients who are chronically using a strong CYP3A4 inducer

• nevirapine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nevirapine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nicardipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nicardipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nilotinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nilotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nintedanib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of nintedanib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration, particularly for P-gp inducers that are also CYP3A4 inducers; nintedanib is a substrate of P-gp and to a less extent CYP3A4.

• nisoldipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nisoldipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nortriptyline

  nortriptyline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• olaparib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of olaparib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of olaparib with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• osimertinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of osimertinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid concomitant use of osimertinib with strong CYP3A inducers.

• ozanimod

  ozanimod increases toxicity of St John's Wort by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Therefore, coadministration of ozanimod with drugs that can increase norepinephrine or serotonin is not recommended. Monitor for hypertension with concomitant use.

• palbociclib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of palbociclib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A inducers decrease palbociclib plasma exposure by ~85%.

• paroxetine

  paroxetine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pazopanib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pazopanib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pemigatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• perampanel

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of perampanel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pexidartinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pexidartinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pomalidomide

  St John's Wort decreases levels of pomalidomide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pralsetinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pralsetinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If unable to avoid, double current pralsetinib dose starting on Day 7 of coadministration with strong CYP3A inducer. After inducer has been discontinued for at least 14 days, resume previous pralsetinib dose.

• prednisolone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisolone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• prednisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pretomanid

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• protriptyline

  protriptyline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quetiapine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of quetiapine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinidine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of quinidine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ranolazine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ranolazine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• repaglinide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of repaglinide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ribociclib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ribociclib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of ribociclib with strong CYP3A inducers should be avoided.

• rimegepant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of rimegepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ripretinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ripretinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A inhibitor will decrease systemic exposure to ripretinib and its active metabolite (DP-5439), which may decrease risk of adverse reactions.

• ritonavir

  St John's Wort decreases levels of ritonavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• rolapitant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of rolapitant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Long-term coadministration of strong CYP3A4 inducers with rolapitant may significantly decrease rolapitant efficacy.

• romidepsin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of romidepsin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with strong 3A4 inducers should be avoided if possible.

• saquinavir

  St John's Wort decreases levels of saquinavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• selegiline transdermal

  selegiline transdermal and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• selumetinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of selumetinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sertraline

  sertraline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sildenafil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sildenafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Potent CYP3A4 inducers are expected to cause substantial decreases in sildenafil plasma levels

• silodosin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of silodosin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• simvastatin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of simvastatin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• siponimod

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of siponimod by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of siponimod with a drug that causes moderate CYP2C9 plus a moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducer is not recommended. Coadministration with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers alone is not recommended for patients with CYP2C9*1/*3 and*2/*3 genotype.

• sirolimus

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sirolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sofosbuvir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sofosbuvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. P-gp inducers decrease sofosbuvir levels, and therefore decrease conversion to sofosbuvir's active metabolite (GS-331007) responsible for 90% of pharmacologic effect

• sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir are substrates of the drug transporter P-gp. Potent P-gp inducers may significantly decrease sofosbuvir and velpatasvir plasma concentrations, leading to potentially reduced therapeutic effect.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Velpatasvir is a substrate of CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4. Drugs that are moderate-to-potent inducers of CYP2B6, CYP2C8, or CYP3A4 may significantly decrease velpatasvir plasma concentrations, leading to potentially reduced therapeutic effect.

• solifenacin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of solifenacin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sonidegib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sonidegib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of sonidegib with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• sorafenib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of sorafenib by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sotorasib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sotorasib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• stiripentol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of stiripentol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If unable to avoid coadministration of stiripentol with strong CYP3A4 inducers, increase stiripentol dose.

• sunitinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sunitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tacrolimus

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tacrolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort decreases levels of tacrolimus by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tazemetostat

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tazemetostat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• temsirolimus

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of temsirolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tepotinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tepotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tezacaftor

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tezacaftor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• theophylline

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of theophylline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tipranavir

  St John's Wort decreases levels of tipranavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• tivozanib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tivozanib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tolterodine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tolterodine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tolvaptan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tolvaptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• trabectedin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of trabectedin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• trazodone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of trazodone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  trazodone and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triazolam

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of triazolam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• trimipramine

  trimipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tucatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tucatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ubrogepant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ubrogepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ulipristal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ulipristal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• upadacitinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of upadacitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid upadacitinib coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• valbenazine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of valbenazine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant use not recommended.

• vardenafil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vardenafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vemurafenib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of vemurafenib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• venetoclax

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of venetoclax by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of venetoclax with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers. Consider alternative treatment with agents that have less CYP3A induction.

• venlafaxine

  venlafaxine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• verapamil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of verapamil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voclosporin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of voclosporin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vonoprazan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vonoprazan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vorapaxar

  St John's Wort decreases levels of vorapaxar by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vortioxetine

  St John's Wort, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voxelotor

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of voxelotor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Voxelotor is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. Avoid coadministration with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers. If unable to avoid coadministration, increase voxelotor dose (see Dosage Modifications).

• zanubrutinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zanubrutinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

Monitor Closely (191)

• 5-HTP

  5-HTP and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• abiraterone

  St John's Wort decreases levels of abiraterone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid coadministration of abiraterone with strong CYP3A4 inducers; if a strong CYP3A4 inducer must be used, increase abiraterone dosage frequency from once daily to twice daily.

• alfentanil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alfentanil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfuzosin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alfuzosin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• almotriptan

  almotriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• alosetron

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alosetron by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amikacin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amikacin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amitriptyline

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amitriptyline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amitriptyline by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amlodipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amlodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• armodafinil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of armodafinil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• atogepant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atogepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Recommended atogepant dosage with concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers is 30 mg or 60 mg qDay.

• atorvastatin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atorvastatin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• avanafil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of avanafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. For patients with ED, monitor response carefully because of potential for decreased effectiveness.

• bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• belumosudil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of belumosudil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increase belumosudil dosage to 200 mg PO BID when coadministered with strong CYP3A inducers.

• benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Caution when discontinuing CYP3A4 inducers that are coadministered with benzhydrocodone (prodrug of hydrocodone); plasma concentrations of hydrocodone may increase and can result in potentially fatal respiratory depression.
  
  benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• bexarotene

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bexarotene by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bortezomib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bortezomib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bosentan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bosentan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• brentuximab vedotin

  St John's Wort decreases levels of brentuximab vedotin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• brexpiprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of brexpiprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Double brexpiprazole dose over 1-2 weeks if administered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer.

• budesonide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of budesonide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buprenorphine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buprenorphine buccal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine buccal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buprenorphine subdermal implant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine subdermal implant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Monitor patients already on buprenorphine subdermal implant who require newly-initiated treatment with CYP3A4 inducer for signs and symptoms of withdrawal. If the dose of the concomitant CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, implant removal may be necessary and the patient should then be treated with a buprenorphine dosage form that permits dose adjustments. If a CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued in a patient who has been stabilized on buprenorphine, monitor the patient for overmedication.

• buprenorphine, long-acting injection

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• cabazitaxel

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cabazitaxel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease cabazitaxel concentrations. Avoid coadministration.

• calcifediol

  St John's Wort, calcifediol. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Drugs that stimulate microsomal hydroxylation reduce the half-life of calcifediol.

• cannabidiol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cannabidiol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider an increase in cannabidiol dosage (based on clinical response and tolerability) when coadministered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer.

• cevimeline

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cevimeline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• clarithromycin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of clarithromycin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• clomipramine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of clomipramine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• cocaine

  cocaine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• conjugated estrogens

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• conjugated estrogens, vaginal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens, vaginal by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cortisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cortisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• crizotinib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of crizotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers should be avoided. .

• dapsone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dapsone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• daunorubicin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of daunorubicin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• deflazacort

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of deflazacort by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• desipramine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of desipramine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dexamethasone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexamethasone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dexfenfluramine

  dexfenfluramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dexlansoprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexlansoprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexlansoprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dextroamphetamine

  dextroamphetamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dextroamphetamine transdermal

  St John's Wort, dextroamphetamine transdermal. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Initiate with lower doses and monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine transdermal and concomitant serotonergic drug(s).

• diazepam intranasal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of diazepam intranasal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers may increase rate of diazepam elimination; therefore, efficacy of diazepam may be decreased.

• digoxin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of digoxin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort decreases levels of digoxin by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dihydroergotamine

  dihydroergotamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  dihydroergotamine intranasal and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• disopyramide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of disopyramide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• docetaxel

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of docetaxel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of docetaxel by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• donepezil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of donepezil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• doxorubicin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• doxorubicin liposomal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin liposomal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin liposomal by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dronabinol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dronabinol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Dronabinol is a CYP3A4 substrate.

• dutasteride

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dutasteride by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• duvelisib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of duvelisib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• elagolix

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of elagolix by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eletriptan

  eletriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• eplerenone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eplerenone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ergotamine

  ergotamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• erlotinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erlotinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• esomeprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of esomeprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of esomeprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estradiol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estradiol by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estradiol vaginal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estradiol vaginal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estrogens conjugated synthetic

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estrogens conjugated synthetic by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estrogens esterified

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estropipate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estropipate by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• etoposide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etoposide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etoposide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eucalyptus

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eucalyptus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• exemestane

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of exemestane by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. For patients receiving exemestane with a potent CYP3A4 inducer the recommended dose of exemestane is 50 mg daily after a meal.

• fenfluramine

  fenfluramine, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration with drugs that increase serotoninergic effects may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.

• fentanyl

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• fentanyl intranasal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl intranasal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• fentanyl transdermal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl transdermal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• fentanyl transmucosal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl transmucosal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• finasteride

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of finasteride by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• flibanserin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of flibanserin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Strong CYP3A4 inducers substantially decrease flibanserin systemic exposure.

• fludrocortisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fludrocortisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• frovatriptan

  frovatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• galantamine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of galantamine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gefitinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of gefitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increase gefitinib to 500 mg daily if coadministered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Resume gefitinib dose at 250 mg/day 7 days after discontinuing the strong inducer.

• gentamicin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of gentamicin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• guanfacine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of guanfacine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers significantly reduce guanfacine plasma concentrations and elimination half-life. If coadministered, more frequent dosing of the IR product may be required to achieve or maintain the desired hypotensive response. For patients with ADHD, FDA-approved labeling for ER guanfacine recommends that, if coadministered, doubling the recommended dose of guanfacine should be considered.

• hydrocodone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydrocodone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Caution when discontinuing CYP3A4 inducers that are coadministered with hydrocodone; plasma concentrations of hydrocodone may increase and can result in potentially fatal respiratory depression
  
  hydrocodone, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• hydrocortisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydrocortisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ifosfamide

  St John's Wort increases toxicity of ifosfamide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the metabolism of ifosfamide to its active alkylating metabolites. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the formation of the neurotoxic/nephrotoxic ifosfamide metabolite, chloroacetaldehyde. Closely monitor patients taking ifosfamide with CYP3A4 inducers for toxicities and consider dose adjustment.

• imatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of imatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of imatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• imipramine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of imipramine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• indinavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of indinavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• isoniazid

  isoniazid and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• isradipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of isradipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• itraconazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of itraconazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of itraconazole by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ivermectin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ivermectin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketoconazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ketoconazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• L-tryptophan

  L-tryptophan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• lansoprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lansoprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lansoprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lapatinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lapatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lasmiditan

  St John's Wort increases effects of lasmiditan by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may increase risk of serotonin syndrome.

• levamlodipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of levamlodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. No information is available on the quantitative effects of CYP3A4 inducers on amlodipine. Closely monitor blood pressure when amlodipine is coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers.

• levoketoconazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of levoketoconazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levonorgestrel intrauterine

  St John's Wort decreases levels of levonorgestrel intrauterine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levonorgestrel oral

  St John's Wort decreases levels of levonorgestrel oral by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levonorgestrel oral/ethinylestradiol/ferrous bisglycinate

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of levonorgestrel oral/ethinylestradiol/ferrous bisglycinate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. The efficacy of hormonal contraceptives may be reduced. Use an alternative method of contraception or a backup method when enzyme inducers are used with combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs), and continue backup contraception for 28 days after discontinuing enzyme inducer to ensure contraceptive reliability.

• linagliptin

  St John's Wort will increase the level or effect of linagliptin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of alternative treatments is strongly recommended when linagliptin is to be administered with a CYP3A4 inducer
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of linagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of alternative treatments is strongly recommended when linagliptin is to be administered with a P-gp inducer.

• lisdexamfetamine

  St John's Wort, lisdexamfetamine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Initiate with lower doses and monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue along with concomitant serotonergic drug(s).

• lithium

  lithium and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• loperamide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of loperamide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lovastatin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lovastatin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lsd

  lsd and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• maraviroc

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of maraviroc by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• medroxyprogesterone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of medroxyprogesterone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Contraceptirve failure possible

• mestranol

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mestranol by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• methylprednisolone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of methylprednisolone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mifepristone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mifepristone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. CYP3A4 inducers have not been studied, coadministration not recommended by manufacturer

• mirtazapine

  mirtazapine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• montelukast

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of montelukast by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• morphine

  morphine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• naratriptan

  naratriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• nateglinide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nateglinide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Inducers of CYP2C9 decrease levels of nateglinide by increasing its metabolism. Coadministration may reduce nateglinide's hypoglycemic action.

• nelfinavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nelfinavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• neomycin PO

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of neomycin PO by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nifedipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nifedipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nilotinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nilotinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nimodipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nimodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nitrendipine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nitrendipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oliceridine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of oliceridine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. If coadministration with a CYP3A4 inducer is necessary, consider increasing oliceridine dose until stable drug effects are achieved; monitor for signs of opioid withdrawal. If inducer is discontinued, consider oliceridine dosage reduction and monitor for signs of respiratory depression.
  
  St John's Wort, oliceridine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• omeprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of omeprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ondansetron

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ondansetron by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxybutynin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of oxybutynin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxycodone

  St John's Wort decreases levels of oxycodone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paclitaxel

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paclitaxel protein bound

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel protein bound by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel protein bound by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paliperidone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paliperidone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Paliperidone dose may need to be increased when coadministered with strong inducers of both CYP3A4 and P-gp

• pantoprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pantoprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of parecoxib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paromomycin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paromomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pentazocine

  pentazocine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• pimavanserin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pimavanserin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid coadministration if possible. Monitor for reduced pimavanserin efficacy. An increase in pimavanserin dosage may be needed.

• pimozide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pimozide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pioglitazone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pitolisant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pitolisant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Pitolisant exposure is decreased by 50% if coadministered with strong CYP3A4 inducers. For patients stable on pitolisant 8.9 mg/day or 17.8 mg/day, double the pitolisant dose (ie, 17.8 mg or 35.6 mg, respectively) over 7 days. If the strong CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued, reduce pitolisant dosage by half.

• polatuzumab vedotin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of polatuzumab vedotin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Polatuzumab undergoes catabolism to small peptides, amino acids, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), and unconjugated MMAE-related catabolites. MMAE is a CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration of polatuzumab vedotin with a strong CYP3A4 inducer may decrease unconjugated MMAE AUC.

• posaconazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of posaconazole by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• prednisolone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisolone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• prednisone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• propafenone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of propafenone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• quinine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of quinine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rabeprazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of rabeprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ramelteon

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ramelteon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• red yeast rice

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of red yeast rice by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• riociguat

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of riociguat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Data not available for dose adjustment

• risperidone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of risperidone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ritonavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ritonavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rivaroxaban

  St John's Wort decreases levels of rivaroxaban by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid concomitant use of rivaroxaban with drugs that are combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Consider increasing the rivaroxaban dose if these drugs must be coadministered.

• rizatriptan

  rizatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• romidepsin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of romidepsin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• SAMe

  SAMe and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• saquinavir

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of saquinavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• saxagliptin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of saxagliptin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• silodosin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of silodosin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sirolimus

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sirolimus by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• streptomycin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of streptomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sufentanil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sufentanil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sufentanil SL

  sufentanil SL, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.
  
  St John's Wort decreases effects of sufentanil SL by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CYP3A4 inducers may decrease sufentanil levels and efficacy, possibly precipitating withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence to sufentanil. Discontinuation of concomitantly used CYP3A4 inducers may increase sufentanil plasma concentration.

• sumatriptan

  sumatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• sumatriptan intranasal

  sumatriptan intranasal and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• suvorexant

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of suvorexant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease suvorexant efficacy; if increased suvorexant dose required, do not exceed 20 mg/day

• tacrolimus

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tacrolimus by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tadalafil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tadalafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid combination in pulmonary HTN patients. For patients with ED, monitor response to tadalafil carefully because of potential for decreased effectiveness.

• tamoxifen

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tamoxifen by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• terbinafine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of terbinafine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ticagrelor

  St John's Wort decreases levels of ticagrelor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid use of ticagrelor with potent CYP3A inducers.

• tinidazole

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tinidazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tobramycin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tobramycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tofacitinib

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tofacitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Loss of, or decreased response to tofacitinib may occur when coadministered with potent CYP3A4 inducers

• tolvaptan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tolvaptan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• toremifene

  St John's Wort decreases levels of toremifene by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. CYP3A4 inducers increase rate of toremifene metabolism, lowering the steady-state concentration in serum.

• tramadol

  St John's Wort and tramadol both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• vemurafenib

  St John's Wort decreases levels of vemurafenib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vinblastine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vinblastine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vinblastine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vincristine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vincristine liposomal

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine liposomal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine liposomal by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vinorelbine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vinorelbine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• warfarin

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of warfarin by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• zaleplon

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ziprasidone

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ziprasidone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• zolmitriptan

  zolmitriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• zolpidem

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zolpidem by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• zonisamide

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zonisamide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

Minor (7)

• aliskiren

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of aliskiren by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• alvimopan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alvimopan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ambrisentan

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ambrisentan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• armodafinil

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of armodafinil by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fexofenadine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fexofenadine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• green tea

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of green tea by increasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• loratadine

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of loratadine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• 5-HTP

  Monitor Closely (1)5-HTP and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• abemaciclib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of abemaciclib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of abemaciclib with strong CYP3A4 inducers reduces plasma concentration of abemaciclib and its metabolites.

• abiraterone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of abiraterone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid coadministration of abiraterone with strong CYP3A4 inducers; if a strong CYP3A4 inducer must be used, increase abiraterone dosage frequency from once daily to twice daily.

• acalabrutinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of acalabrutinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of acalabrutinib with strong CYP3A inducers. If a strong CYP3A inducer must be used, increase acalabrutinib dose to 200 mg twice daily.

• afatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of afatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increase afatinib daily dose by 10 mg as tolerated if chronic therapy with P-gp inducer required; resume previous afatinib dose 2-3 days after P-gp inducer discontinued.

• alfentanil

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alfentanil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfuzosin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alfuzosin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aliskiren

  Minor (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of aliskiren by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• almotriptan

  Monitor Closely (1)almotriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of almotriptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• alosetron

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alosetron by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alpelisib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alpelisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of alpelisib (CYP3A4 substrate) with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• alprazolam

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alprazolam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• alvimopan

  Minor (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of alvimopan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ambrisentan

  Minor (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ambrisentan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• amikacin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amikacin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aminolevulinic acid oral

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aminolevulinic acid oral, St John's Wort. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during perioperative period.

• aminolevulinic acid topical

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort increases toxicity of aminolevulinic acid topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of photosensitizing drugs may enhance the phototoxic reaction to photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid.

• amiodarone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amiodarone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amitriptyline

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amitriptyline by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amitriptyline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)amitriptyline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amlodipine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of amlodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• amoxapine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)amoxapine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• apixaban

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of apixaban by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Reduces anticoagulant effect by decreasing apixaban systemic exposure

• aprepitant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of aprepitant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aripiprazole

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of aripiprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• armodafinil

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of armodafinil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of armodafinil by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• artemether/lumefantrine

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of artemether/lumefantrine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration can result in decreased concentrations and loss of antimalarial efficacy

• atazanavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atazanavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of atazanavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• atogepant

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atogepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Recommended atogepant dosage with concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers is 30 mg or 60 mg qDay.

• atorvastatin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atorvastatin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of atorvastatin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• avanafil

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of avanafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. For patients with ED, monitor response carefully because of potential for decreased effectiveness.

• avapritinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of avapritinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• axitinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of axitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Selection of concomitant medication with no or minimal CYP3A4 induction potential is recommended.

• bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• belumosudil

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of belumosudil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increase belumosudil dosage to 200 mg PO BID when coadministered with strong CYP3A inducers.

• benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

  Monitor Closely (2)benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Caution when discontinuing CYP3A4 inducers that are coadministered with benzhydrocodone (prodrug of hydrocodone); plasma concentrations of hydrocodone may increase and can result in potentially fatal respiratory depression.

• berotralstat

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of berotralstat by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• bexarotene

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bexarotene by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bictegravir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bictegravir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of strong CYP3A and UGT1A1 inducers can substantially decrease bictegravir plasma concentrations. This may result in the loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance to bictegravir. Coadministration with St John's wort is not recommended.

• bortezomib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bortezomib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bosentan

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of bosentan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• brentuximab vedotin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of brentuximab vedotin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• brexpiprazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of brexpiprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Double brexpiprazole dose over 1-2 weeks if administered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer.

• brigatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of brigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease brigatinib efficacy.

• budesonide

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of budesonide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of budesonide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• buprenorphine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buprenorphine buccal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine buccal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buprenorphine subdermal implant

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine subdermal implant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Monitor patients already on buprenorphine subdermal implant who require newly-initiated treatment with CYP3A4 inducer for signs and symptoms of withdrawal. If the dose of the concomitant CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, implant removal may be necessary and the patient should then be treated with a buprenorphine dosage form that permits dose adjustments. If a CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued in a patient who has been stabilized on buprenorphine, monitor the patient for overmedication.

• buprenorphine, long-acting injection

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• buspirone

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)buspirone and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buspirone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cabazitaxel

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cabazitaxel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease cabazitaxel concentrations. Avoid coadministration.

• cabozantinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cabozantinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of cabozantinib with strong CYP3A4 inducers. If a strong CYP3A4 inducer is required, increase cabozantinib dose by 40 mg/day (Cometriq) or by 20 mg/day (Cabometyx). Resume previous dose 2-3 days after strong CYP3A4 inducer discontinued.

• calcifediol

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort, calcifediol. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Drugs that stimulate microsomal hydroxylation reduce the half-life of calcifediol.

• cannabidiol

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cannabidiol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider an increase in cannabidiol dosage (based on clinical response and tolerability) when coadministered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer.

• carbamazepine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of carbamazepine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cariprazine

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cariprazine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. CYP3A4 is responsible for the formation and elimination of cariprazine's active metabolites. The effect of CYP3A4 inducers on cariprazine exposure has not been evaluated and the net effect is unclear.

• ceritinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of ceritinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cevimeline

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cevimeline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cilostazol

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cilostazol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cinacalcet

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cinacalcet by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• citalopram

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)citalopram and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Combination may increase risk of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions.

• clarithromycin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of clarithromycin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• clomipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of clomipramine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)clomipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clopidogrel

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will increase the level or effect of clopidogrel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the metabolism of clopidogrel to its active metabolite. Monitor patients for potential increase in antiplatelet effects when CYP3A4 inducers are used in combination with clopidogrel

• clozapine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of clozapine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cobimetinib

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cobimetinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Avoid coadministration. Strong or moderate CYP3A inducers may decrease cobimetinib systemic exposure by >80% and reduce its efficacy.

• cocaine

  Monitor Closely (1)cocaine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• conivaptan

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conivaptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• conjugated estrogens

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• conjugated estrogens, vaginal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens, vaginal by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of conjugated estrogens, vaginal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• copanlisib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of copanlisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of copanlisib with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• cortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cortisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cortisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• crizotinib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of crizotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers should be avoided. .

• cyclosporine

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cyclosporine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of cyclosporine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dabigatran

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dabigatran by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration. P-gp inducers reduce systemic exposure of dabigatran

• dapsone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dapsone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• daridorexant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of daridorexant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• darifenacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of darifenacin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• darolutamide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of darolutamide by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Darolutamide is a P-gp and CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadminstration of darolutamide with combined P-gp and strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• darunavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of darunavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with St. John's Wort may result in loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance to darunavir.

• dasatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dasatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• daunorubicin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of daunorubicin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• deflazacort

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of deflazacort by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of deflazacort by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of deflazacort with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• desipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of desipramine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)desipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desvenlafaxine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort and desvenlafaxine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dexamethasone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexamethasone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexamethasone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dexfenfluramine

  Monitor Closely (1)dexfenfluramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dexlansoprazole

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexlansoprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dexlansoprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dextroamphetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)dextroamphetamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dextroamphetamine transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort, dextroamphetamine transdermal. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Initiate with lower doses and monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine transdermal and concomitant serotonergic drug(s).

• dextromethorphan

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dextromethorphan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• diazepam

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of diazepam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• diazepam intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of diazepam intranasal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers may increase rate of diazepam elimination; therefore, efficacy of diazepam may be decreased.

• dienogest/estradiol valerate

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dienogest/estradiol valerate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Women should not choose estradiol valerate/dienogest as their contraceptive while using strong CYP3A4 inducers due to potential decrease in contraceptive efficacy. Estradiol valerate/dienogest should not be used for at least 28 days after discontinuation of the inducer due to possibility of decreased contraceptive efficacy.

• digoxin

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of digoxin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort decreases levels of digoxin by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dihydroergotamine

  Monitor Closely (1)dihydroergotamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dihydroergotamine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)dihydroergotamine intranasal and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dihydroergotamine intranasal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• diltiazem

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of diltiazem by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• disopyramide

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of disopyramide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• docetaxel

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of docetaxel by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of docetaxel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dolutegravir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dolutegravir by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration; insufficient data to recommend dosage adjustment

• donepezil

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of donepezil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• doravirine

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doravirine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of doravirine with a strong CYP3A inducer may decrease doravirine plasma concentrations and/or effects. Potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance to doravirine.

• doxepin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)doxepin and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• doxorubicin

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• doxorubicin liposomal

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin liposomal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of doxorubicin liposomal by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dronabinol

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dronabinol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Dronabinol is a CYP3A4 substrate.

• dronedarone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dronedarone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• duloxetine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)duloxetine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dutasteride

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of dutasteride by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• duvelisib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of duvelisib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of duvelisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A inducer decreases duvelisib area under the curve (AUC), which may reduce duvelisib efficacy.

• edoxaban

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of edoxaban by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of edoxaban with potent P-gp inducers

• efavirenz

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of efavirenz by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• elagolix

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of elagolix by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• elbasvir/grazoprevir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of elbasvir/grazoprevir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. The therapeutic effect of elbasvir/grazoprevir may be reduced if coadministered with strong CYP3A inducers and is therefore contraindicated.

• eletriptan

  Monitor Closely (1)eletriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eletriptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• eliglustat

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eliglustat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A inducers significantly decreases eliglustat exposure; coadministration not recommended

• elvitegravir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of elvitegravir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid; coadministration with CYP3A inducers may result in decreased plasma concentrations of elvitegravir and/or a concomitantly administered protease inhibitor and lead to loss of therapeutic effect and to possible resistance

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. May lead to loss of virologic response and possible resistance.

• eplerenone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eplerenone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• erdafitinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erdafitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ergotamine

  Monitor Closely (1)ergotamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ergotamine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erlotinib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erlotinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erlotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin base

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin base by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin ethylsuccinate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin ethylsuccinate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin lactobionate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin lactobionate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin stearate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of erythromycin stearate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• escitalopram

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)escitalopram and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• esomeprazole

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of esomeprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of esomeprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estradiol

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estradiol by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estradiol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• estradiol vaginal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estradiol vaginal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estrogens conjugated synthetic

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estrogens conjugated synthetic by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estrogens conjugated synthetic by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• estrogens esterified

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• estropipate

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estropipate by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estropipate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ethinylestradiol

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ethinylestradiol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. The efficacy of hormonal contraceptives may be reduced. Use of a nonhormonal contraceptive is recommended.

• etonogestrel

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etonogestrel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• etoposide

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etoposide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etoposide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• etravirine

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of etravirine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• eucalyptus

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of eucalyptus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• everolimus

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of everolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of everolimus by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Contraindicated.

• exemestane

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of exemestane by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. For patients receiving exemestane with a potent CYP3A4 inducer the recommended dose of exemestane is 50 mg daily after a meal.

• fedratinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fedratinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Effect of coadministering a strong CYP3A4 inducer with fedratinib has not been studied.

• felodipine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of felodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fenfluramine

  Monitor Closely (1)fenfluramine, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration with drugs that increase serotoninergic effects may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.

• fentanyl

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• fentanyl intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl intranasal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• fentanyl transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl transdermal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• fentanyl transmucosal

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fentanyl transmucosal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of fentanyl with CYP3A4 inducers could lead to a decrease in fentanyl plasma concentrations, lack of efficacy or, possibly, development of a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the fentanyl plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects.

• fesoterodine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fesoterodine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fexinidazole

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will increase the level or effect of fexinidazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP450 inducers may significantly increase plasma concentrations of fexinidazole?s active metabolites: fexinidazole sulfoxide (M1) and fexinidazole sulfone (M2). M2 plasma concentrations associated with increased QT prolongation risks.

• fexofenadine

  Minor (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fexofenadine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• finasteride

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of finasteride by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• finerenone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of finerenone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• flibanserin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of flibanserin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Strong CYP3A4 inducers substantially decrease flibanserin systemic exposure.

• fludrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fludrocortisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fludrocortisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluoxetine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)fluoxetine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluvoxamine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)fluvoxamine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fosamprenavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fosamprenavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of fosamprenavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• fostamatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fostamatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fostemsavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of fostemsavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of fostemsavir (prodrug) with strong CYP3A4 inducers significantly decreases temsavir (active moiety) plasma concentrations, which may lead to loss of virologic response and resistance.

• frovatriptan

  Monitor Closely (1)frovatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• galantamine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of galantamine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ganaxolone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ganaxolone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of ganaxolone with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers. If coadministration unavoidable, consider increasing ganaxolone dose; however, do not exceed maximum daily dose for weight.

• gefitinib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of gefitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increase gefitinib to 500 mg daily if coadministered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Resume gefitinib dose at 250 mg/day 7 days after discontinuing the strong inducer.

• gentamicin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of gentamicin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gilteritinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of gilteritinib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Gilteritinib is a P-gp and CYP3A4 substrates. Coadministration of gilteritinib with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer decreases gilteritinib exposure and efficacy.

• glasdegib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of glasdegib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of glasdegib with strong CYP3A inducers.

• glecaprevir/pibrentasvir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of St John's wort (a strong CYP3A4 and P-gp inducer) with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may significantly decrease glecaprevir/pibrentasvir plasma concentrations and AUC. Potential for loss of therapeutic effect.

• green tea

  Minor (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of green tea by increasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• guanfacine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of guanfacine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers significantly reduce guanfacine plasma concentrations and elimination half-life. If coadministered, more frequent dosing of the IR product may be required to achieve or maintain the desired hypotensive response. For patients with ADHD, FDA-approved labeling for ER guanfacine recommends that, if coadministered, doubling the recommended dose of guanfacine should be considered.

• hydrocodone

  Monitor Closely (2)hydrocodone, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydrocodone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Caution when discontinuing CYP3A4 inducers that are coadministered with hydrocodone; plasma concentrations of hydrocodone may increase and can result in potentially fatal respiratory depression

• hydrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydrocortisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydrocortisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• hydroxyprogesterone caproate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of hydroxyprogesterone caproate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ibrutinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of ibrutinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A inducers decrease ibrutinib plasma concentrations by ~10-fold.

• idelalisib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of idelalisib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration; strong CYP3A4 inducers significantly decrease idelalisib systemic exposure

• ifosfamide

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort increases toxicity of ifosfamide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the metabolism of ifosfamide to its active alkylating metabolites. CYP3A4 inducers may increase the formation of the neurotoxic/nephrotoxic ifosfamide metabolite, chloroacetaldehyde. Closely monitor patients taking ifosfamide with CYP3A4 inducers for toxicities and consider dose adjustment.

• iloperidone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of iloperidone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• imatinib

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of imatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of imatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• imipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of imipramine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)imipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• indinavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of indinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of indinavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of indinavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• infigratinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of infigratinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• iobenguane I 131

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of iobenguane I 131 by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Based on the mechanism of action of iobenguane, drugs that reduce catecholamine uptake or that deplete catecholamine stores may interfere with iobenguane uptake into cells, and thus, reduce iobenguane efficacy. Discontinue interfering drugs for at least 5 half-lives before administration of either the dosimetry or an iobenguane dose. Do not administer these drugs until at least 7 days after each iobenguane dose.

• irinotecan

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of irinotecan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Contraindicated.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of irinotecan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• irinotecan liposomal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of irinotecan liposomal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• isavuconazonium sulfate

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of isavuconazonium sulfate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• isocarboxazid

  Contraindicated (1)isocarboxazid and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• isoniazid

  Monitor Closely (1)isoniazid and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• isradipine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of isradipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• istradefylline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of istradefylline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of istradefylline with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• itraconazole

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of itraconazole by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of itraconazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ivabradine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ivabradine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of ivabradine with moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• ivacaftor

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of ivacaftor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers; systemic exposure of ivacaftor substantially reduced (ie, ~9-fold).

• ivermectin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ivermectin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ivosidenib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ivosidenib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of ivosidenib with strong CYP3A4 inducers decreased ivosidenib plasma concentrations.

• ixabepilone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ixabepilone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ixazomib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ixazomib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of ixazomib with strong CYP3A inducers. Strong inducers have been shown to decrease ixazomib Cmax by 54% and AUC by 74%.

• ketoconazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ketoconazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• L-tryptophan

  Monitor Closely (1)L-tryptophan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• lansoprazole

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lansoprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lansoprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lapatinib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lapatinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lapatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• larotrectinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of larotrectinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration of larotrectinib with strong CYP3A4 inducers is unavoidable, double larotrectinib dose. Resume prior larotrectinib dose once CYP3A4 inducer discontinued for 3-5 half-lives

• lasmiditan

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort increases effects of lasmiditan by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may increase risk of serotonin syndrome.

• ledipasvir/sofosbuvir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Contraindicated. P-gp inducers decrease sofosbuvir levels, and therefore decrease conversion to sofosbuvir's active metabolite (GS-331007) responsible for 90% of pharmacologic effect

• lefamulin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lefamulin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of lefamulin with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers unless the benefit outweighs risks. Monitor for reduced efficacy.

• lemborexant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lemborexant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• letermovir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of letermovir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of letermovir with P-gp inducers is not recommended.

• levamlodipine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of levamlodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. No information is available on the quantitative effects of CYP3A4 inducers on amlodipine. Closely monitor blood pressure when amlodipine is coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers.

• levoketoconazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of levoketoconazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levomilnacipran

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)levomilnacipran and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• levonorgestrel intrauterine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of levonorgestrel intrauterine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levonorgestrel oral

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of levonorgestrel oral by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levonorgestrel oral/ethinylestradiol/ferrous bisglycinate

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of levonorgestrel oral/ethinylestradiol/ferrous bisglycinate by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. The efficacy of hormonal contraceptives may be reduced. Use an alternative method of contraception or a backup method when enzyme inducers are used with combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs), and continue backup contraception for 28 days after discontinuing enzyme inducer to ensure contraceptive reliability.

• linagliptin

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will increase the level or effect of linagliptin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of alternative treatments is strongly recommended when linagliptin is to be administered with a CYP3A4 inducer
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of linagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of alternative treatments is strongly recommended when linagliptin is to be administered with a P-gp inducer.

• linezolid

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)linezolid and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Linezolid may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If linezolid must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last linezolid dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.

• lisdexamfetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort, lisdexamfetamine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Initiate with lower doses and monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue along with concomitant serotonergic drug(s).

• lithium

  Monitor Closely (1)lithium and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• lofepramine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)lofepramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lonafarnib

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lonafarnib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Lonafarnib is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers is contraindicated.

• loperamide

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of loperamide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lopinavir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lopinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• loratadine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of loratadine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.Minor (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of loratadine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• lorcaserin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort and lorcaserin both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lorlatinib

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lorlatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration of lorlatinib with strong CYP3A inducers is contraindicated. Discontinue the strong CYP3A inducer for 3 plasma half-lives before initiating lorlatinib.

• lovastatin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lovastatin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lovastatin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lsd

  Monitor Closely (1)lsd and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• lumacaftor/ivacaftor

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lumacaftor/ivacaftor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A inducers have minimal effect on lumacaftor exposure, but decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%. This may reduce the effectiveness of lumacaftor/ivacaftor. Therefore, coadministration is not recommended.

• lumateperone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lumateperone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lumefantrine

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lumefantrine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration can result in decreased concentrations and loss of antimalarial efficacy

• lurasidone

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of lurasidone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Contraindicated.

• lurbinectedin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of lurbinectedin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• macimorelin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of macimorelin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Potential for false positive test results if macimorelin and strong CYP3A4 inducers are coadministered. Discontinue strong CYP3A4 inducer, allowing for sufficient washout time, before testing.

• maprotiline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)maprotiline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• maraviroc

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of maraviroc by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of maraviroc by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mavacamten

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mavacamten by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.

• medroxyprogesterone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of medroxyprogesterone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Contraceptirve failure possible

• meperidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)meperidine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mestranol

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mestranol by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mestranol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• methadone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of methadone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• methyl aminolevulinate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort, methyl aminolevulinate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• methylene blue

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)methylene blue and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Methylene blue may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If methylene blue must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last methylene blue dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.

• methylprednisolone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of methylprednisolone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of methylprednisolone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• midazolam

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of midazolam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• midostaurin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of midostaurin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease midostaurin concentrations resulting in reduced efficacy.

• mifepristone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mifepristone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. CYP3A4 inducers have not been studied, coadministration not recommended by manufacturer

• milnacipran

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)milnacipran and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mirtazapine

  Monitor Closely (1)mirtazapine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• mobocertinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of mobocertinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• montelukast

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of montelukast by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• morphine

  Monitor Closely (1)morphine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• naldemedine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of naldemedine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• naloxegol

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of naloxegol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Use of naloxegol with strong CYP3A4 inducers is not recommended

• naratriptan

  Monitor Closely (1)naratriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• nateglinide

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nateglinide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Inducers of CYP2C9 decrease levels of nateglinide by increasing its metabolism. Coadministration may reduce nateglinide's hypoglycemic action.

• nefazodone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)nefazodone and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nelfinavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nelfinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nelfinavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of nelfinavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• neomycin PO

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of neomycin PO by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• neratinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of neratinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of neratinib with strong/moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• netupitant/palonosetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of netupitant/palonosetron by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Netupitant is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4; avoid use in patients who are chronically using a strong CYP3A4 inducer

• nevirapine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nevirapine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nicardipine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nicardipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nifedipine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nifedipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nilotinib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nilotinib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nilotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nimodipine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nimodipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nintedanib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of nintedanib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration, particularly for P-gp inducers that are also CYP3A4 inducers; nintedanib is a substrate of P-gp and to a less extent CYP3A4.

• nirmatrelvir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nirmatrelvir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Nirmatrelvir, a CYP3A4 substrate, is contraindicated with strong CYP3A4 inducers. Significantly reduced nirmatrelvir plasma concentrations may be associated with potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance. Do not initiate nirmatrelvir/ritonavir immediately after discontinuing a strong 3A4 inducer owing to time needed for systemic clearance of the inducer.

• nirmatrelvir/ritonavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Nirmatrelvir, a CYP3A4 substrate, is contraindicated with strong CYP3A4 inducers. Significantly reduced nirmatrelvir plasma concentrations may be associated with potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance. Do not initiate nirmatrelvir/ritonavir immediately after discontinuing a strong 3A4 inducer owing to time needed for systemic clearance of the inducer.

• nisoldipine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nisoldipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nitrendipine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of nitrendipine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nortriptyline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)nortriptyline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• olaparib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of olaparib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of olaparib with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• oliceridine

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of oliceridine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. If coadministration with a CYP3A4 inducer is necessary, consider increasing oliceridine dose until stable drug effects are achieved; monitor for signs of opioid withdrawal. If inducer is discontinued, consider oliceridine dosage reduction and monitor for signs of respiratory depression.
  
  St John's Wort, oliceridine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir & dasabuvir (DSC)

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir & dasabuvir (DSC) by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may reduce partiaprevir and ritonavir levels, and therefore decreased efficacy of Viekira Pak

• omeprazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of omeprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ondansetron

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ondansetron by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• osimertinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of osimertinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid concomitant use of osimertinib with strong CYP3A inducers.

• oxybutynin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of oxybutynin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxycodone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of oxycodone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ozanimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)ozanimod increases toxicity of St John's Wort by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Therefore, coadministration of ozanimod with drugs that can increase norepinephrine or serotonin is not recommended. Monitor for hypertension with concomitant use.

• paclitaxel

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paclitaxel protein bound

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel protein bound by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paclitaxel protein bound by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• palbociclib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of palbociclib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Strong CYP3A inducers decrease palbociclib plasma exposure by ~85%.

• paliperidone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paliperidone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Paliperidone dose may need to be increased when coadministered with strong inducers of both CYP3A4 and P-gp

• panobinostat

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of panobinostat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A4 inducers can reduce panobinostat levels by ~70% and lead to treatment failure.

• pantoprazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pantoprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of parecoxib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paromomycin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of paromomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paroxetine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)paroxetine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pazopanib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pazopanib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pemigatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pentazocine

  Monitor Closely (1)pentazocine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• perampanel

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of perampanel by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pexidartinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pexidartinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• phenelzine

  Contraindicated (1)phenelzine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• pimavanserin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pimavanserin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid coadministration if possible. Monitor for reduced pimavanserin efficacy. An increase in pimavanserin dosage may be needed.

• pimozide

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pimozide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pioglitazone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pioglitazone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pitolisant

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pitolisant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Pitolisant exposure is decreased by 50% if coadministered with strong CYP3A4 inducers. For patients stable on pitolisant 8.9 mg/day or 17.8 mg/day, double the pitolisant dose (ie, 17.8 mg or 35.6 mg, respectively) over 7 days. If the strong CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued, reduce pitolisant dosage by half.

• polatuzumab vedotin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of polatuzumab vedotin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Polatuzumab undergoes catabolism to small peptides, amino acids, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), and unconjugated MMAE-related catabolites. MMAE is a CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration of polatuzumab vedotin with a strong CYP3A4 inducer may decrease unconjugated MMAE AUC.

• pomalidomide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of pomalidomide by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• posaconazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of posaconazole by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pralsetinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pralsetinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If unable to avoid, double current pralsetinib dose starting on Day 7 of coadministration with strong CYP3A inducer. After inducer has been discontinued for at least 14 days, resume previous pralsetinib dose.

• prednisolone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisolone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisolone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• prednisone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of prednisone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pretomanid

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• procarbazine

  Contraindicated (1)procarbazine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Combination is contraindicated within 2 weeks of MAOI use.

• propafenone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of propafenone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• protriptyline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)protriptyline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quetiapine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of quetiapine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of quinidine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of quinine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rabeprazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of rabeprazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ramelteon

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ramelteon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ranolazine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ranolazine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• rasagiline

  Contraindicated (1)rasagiline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• red yeast rice

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of red yeast rice by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• regorafenib

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort, regorafenib. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Strong CYP3A4 inducers decrease regorafenib levels and increase exposure of the active metabolite M-5.

• repaglinide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of repaglinide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ribociclib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ribociclib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of ribociclib with strong CYP3A inducers should be avoided.

• rilpivirine

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of rilpivirine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Contraindicated. Rilpivirine should not be co-administered with strong CYP 3A4 inducers. Potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the NNRTI class.

• rimegepant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of rimegepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• riociguat

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of riociguat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Data not available for dose adjustment

• ripretinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ripretinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A inhibitor will decrease systemic exposure to ripretinib and its active metabolite (DP-5439), which may decrease risk of adverse reactions.

• risperidone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of risperidone by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ritonavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ritonavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ritonavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of ritonavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• rivaroxaban

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of rivaroxaban by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid concomitant use of rivaroxaban with drugs that are combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Consider increasing the rivaroxaban dose if these drugs must be coadministered.

• rizatriptan

  Monitor Closely (1)rizatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• roflumilast

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of roflumilast by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Coadministration not recommended; strong cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers decrease systemic exposure to roflumilast and may reduce the therapeutic effectiveness

• rolapitant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of rolapitant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Long-term coadministration of strong CYP3A4 inducers with rolapitant may significantly decrease rolapitant efficacy.

• romidepsin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of romidepsin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of romidepsin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with strong 3A4 inducers should be avoided if possible.

• safinamide

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort, safinamide. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome.

• SAMe

  Monitor Closely (1)SAMe and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• saquinavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of saquinavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of saquinavir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of saquinavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• saxagliptin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of saxagliptin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• selegiline

  Contraindicated (1)selegiline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated. At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of selegiline and initiation of St. John's Wort.

• selegiline transdermal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)selegiline transdermal and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• selumetinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of selumetinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sertraline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)sertraline and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sildenafil

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sildenafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Potent CYP3A4 inducers are expected to cause substantial decreases in sildenafil plasma levels

• silodosin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of silodosin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of silodosin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• simvastatin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of simvastatin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• siponimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of siponimod by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of siponimod with a drug that causes moderate CYP2C9 plus a moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducer is not recommended. Coadministration with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers alone is not recommended for patients with CYP2C9*1/*3 and*2/*3 genotype.

• sirolimus

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sirolimus by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sirolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sofosbuvir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sofosbuvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. P-gp inducers decrease sofosbuvir levels, and therefore decrease conversion to sofosbuvir's active metabolite (GS-331007) responsible for 90% of pharmacologic effect

• sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir are substrates of the drug transporter P-gp. Potent P-gp inducers may significantly decrease sofosbuvir and velpatasvir plasma concentrations, leading to potentially reduced therapeutic effect.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Velpatasvir is a substrate of CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4. Drugs that are moderate-to-potent inducers of CYP2B6, CYP2C8, or CYP3A4 may significantly decrease velpatasvir plasma concentrations, leading to potentially reduced therapeutic effect.

• solifenacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of solifenacin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sonidegib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sonidegib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of sonidegib with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

• sorafenib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of sorafenib by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sotorasib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sotorasib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• stiripentol

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of stiripentol by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If unable to avoid coadministration of stiripentol with strong CYP3A4 inducers, increase stiripentol dose.

• streptomycin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of streptomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sufentanil

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sufentanil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sufentanil SL

  Monitor Closely (2)sufentanil SL, St John's Wort. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.
  
  St John's Wort decreases effects of sufentanil SL by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CYP3A4 inducers may decrease sufentanil levels and efficacy, possibly precipitating withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence to sufentanil. Discontinuation of concomitantly used CYP3A4 inducers may increase sufentanil plasma concentration.

• sumatriptan

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• sumatriptan intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan intranasal and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• sunitinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of sunitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• suvorexant

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of suvorexant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease suvorexant efficacy; if increased suvorexant dose required, do not exceed 20 mg/day

• tacrolimus

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tacrolimus by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tacrolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort decreases levels of tacrolimus by increasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tadalafil

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tadalafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid combination in pulmonary HTN patients. For patients with ED, monitor response to tadalafil carefully because of potential for decreased effectiveness.

• tamoxifen

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tamoxifen by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tazemetostat

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tazemetostat by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• temsirolimus

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of temsirolimus by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tepotinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tepotinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• terbinafine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of terbinafine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tezacaftor

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tezacaftor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• theophylline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of theophylline by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ticagrelor

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of ticagrelor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid use of ticagrelor with potent CYP3A inducers.

• tinidazole

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tinidazole by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tipranavir

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tipranavir by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of tipranavir by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• tivozanib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tivozanib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tobramycin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tobramycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tofacitinib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tofacitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Loss of, or decreased response to tofacitinib may occur when coadministered with potent CYP3A4 inducers

• tolterodine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tolterodine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tolvaptan

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tolvaptan by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tolvaptan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• toremifene

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of toremifene by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. CYP3A4 inducers increase rate of toremifene metabolism, lowering the steady-state concentration in serum.

• trabectedin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of trabectedin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tramadol

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort and tramadol both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• tranylcypromine

  Contraindicated (1)tranylcypromine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated.

• trazodone

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)trazodone and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of trazodone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triazolam

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of triazolam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• trimipramine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)trimipramine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tucatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of tucatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ubrogepant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ubrogepant by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ulipristal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ulipristal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• upadacitinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of upadacitinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid upadacitinib coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

• valbenazine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of valbenazine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant use not recommended.

• vandetanib

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of vandetanib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Avoid coadministration with potent CYP3A4 inducers; these drugs reduce exposure to vandetanib by up to 40%.

• vardenafil

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vardenafil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vemurafenib

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of vemurafenib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of vemurafenib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• venetoclax

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of venetoclax by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of venetoclax with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers. Consider alternative treatment with agents that have less CYP3A induction.

• venlafaxine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)venlafaxine and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• verapamil

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of verapamil by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vinblastine

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vinblastine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vinblastine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vincristine

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vincristine liposomal

  Monitor Closely (2)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine liposomal by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vincristine liposomal by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vinorelbine

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vinorelbine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• voclosporin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of voclosporin by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vonoprazan

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of vonoprazan by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vorapaxar

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of vorapaxar by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voriconazole

  Contraindicated (1)St John's Wort decreases levels of voriconazole by increasing metabolism. Contraindicated. Voriconazole levels decreased with long term St. John's wort intake.

• vortioxetine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voxelotor

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of voxelotor by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Voxelotor is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. Avoid coadministration with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers. If unable to avoid coadministration, increase voxelotor dose (see Dosage Modifications).

• warfarin

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of warfarin by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• zaleplon

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• zanubrutinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zanubrutinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ziprasidone

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of ziprasidone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• zolmitriptan

  Monitor Closely (1)zolmitriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• zolpidem

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zolpidem by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• zonisamide

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zonisamide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.