Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injectable solution
- 2mg/mL
General Anesthesia Induction
0.3-0.6 mg/kg IVP over 30-60 sec
Cushing Syndrome (Off-label)
Inhibition of steroidogenesis in patients with Cushing syndrome
0.2-0.6 mg/kg IV infused over 30-60 seconds for induction of anesthesia blocks normal stress-induced increase in adrenal cortisol production for 4-8 h
ICU continuous infusion: 0.04-0.05 mg/kg/hr IV; continuous monitoring required
Dosing considerations
- Used rarely; often toxic at doses required to reduce cortisol secretion
- Long-term use limited by the requirement for repeated IV administration
Sedation (Off-label)
0.1 mg/kg IV bolus x1-3 doses; other dosing regimens may exist
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injectable solution
- 2mg/mL
General Anesthesia Induction
<10 years: Safety and efficacy not established
>10 years: Same as adults; 0.3-0.6 mg/kg IVP over 30-60 sec
Sedation (Off-label)
0.1-0.4 mg/kg IV bolus x1; additional doses may be necessary; other dosing regimens may exist
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Adverse Effects
>10%
Transient injection site pain (30-80%)
Skeletal muscle movements, mainly myoclonic (32%)
Opsoclonus (20%)
Adrenal suppression
1-10%
Hiccups
<1%
Apnea (duration: 5-90 seconds)
Arrhythmias
Hyperventilation
HTN
Hypotension
Hypoventilation
Laryngospasm
Nausea/vomiting
Oxygen desaturation
Snoring (may be associated with partial upper airway obstruction)
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Controversial: Sepsis, septic shock
Cautions
Lack of ventilatory support
Adrenal suppression (and prolonged therapy)
Prolonged IV infusion not recommended
Safety during labor and delivery not elucidated; not recommended
General anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women
Brain development
- Prolonged or repeated exposure may result in negative effects on fetal or young children’s brain development
- Caution with use during surgeries or procedures in children younger than 3 yr or in pregnant women during their third trimester
- Assess the risk:benefit ratio in these populations, especially for prolonged procedures (ie, >3 hr) or multiple procedures
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy category: C
Lactation: Not known if excreted in breast milk; use caution
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Nonbarbiturate hypnotic used for the induction of anesthesia; lacks analgesic activity; has minimal cardiovascular effects
Cushing syndrome (off-label): Blocks 11-beta-hydroxylase
Blocks steroidogenesis; 0.3 mg/kg will reduce plasma cortisol for up to 24 hr
Does not affect cardiac metabolism; no depression of cardiac output or of peripheral or pulmonary circulation
Absorption
Onset: Within 60 sec
Duration: 3-5 min due to redistribution from CNS
Distribution
Protein bound: 76%
Vd: 2-4.5 L/kg
Metabolism
Hepatic and plasma esterases
Elimination
Excretion: Urine, as inactive agent
Administration
IV Incompatibilities
Y-site: Ascorbic acid, vecuronium
IV Compatibilities
Syringe: Heparin
Y-site: Alfentanil, atracurium, atropine, ephedrine, fentanyl, lidocaine, lorazepam, midazolam, mivacurium, morphine sulfate, pancuronium, phenylephrine, succinylcholine, sufentanil
IV Administration
Inject undiluted by direct IV injection over 30-60 sec; do not administer by prolonged IV infusion
Inject into large forearm vein
Consider lidocaine preadministration to minimize injection-site pain
Images
Patient Handout
Formulary
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Adding plans allows you to:
- View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
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- Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
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