Suggested Dosing
Tea
1-2 g crushed seed in 150 mL boiling water
Tincture
5-7.5 g/day PO
Fennel oil
01.-0.6 mL; no more than 2 weeks
Capsules
Take 1-2 caps (480-960 mg) qDay-TID, preferably with food
Suggested Uses
Treatment of infants & nursing children suffering from colic & dyspeptic disease
Digestive aid
URI, cough & sore throat
Reduces pain associated with menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)
Increase milk secretion, promote menstruation, facilitate birth, alleviate male climacteric (andropause) symptoms, & incr libido
Antiinflammatory, analgesic & antioxidant properties
Efficacy
Colic: A clinical trial showed breast-fed infants with colic had decreased crying time
Insufficient reliable information about effectiveness for other uses
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results

Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor

Contraindicated (0)
Serious - Use Alternative (0)
Monitor Closely (73)
- aceclofenac
aceclofenac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- acemetacin
acemetacin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- agrimony
agrimony and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- alfalfa
alfalfa and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- American ginseng
American ginseng and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- antithrombin alfa
antithrombin alfa and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- antithrombin III
antithrombin III and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- argatroban
argatroban and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- aspirin
aspirin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- aspirin rectal
aspirin rectal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- bemiparin
bemiparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- bivalirudin
bivalirudin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- celecoxib
celecoxib and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- choline magnesium trisalicylate
choline magnesium trisalicylate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cinnamon
cinnamon and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cordyceps
cordyceps and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dabigatran
dabigatran and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- dalteparin
dalteparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- diclofenac
diclofenac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- diflunisal
diflunisal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dong quai
dong quai and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- enoxaparin
enoxaparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- epoprostenol
epoprostenol and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- etodolac
etodolac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fenoprofen
fenoprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- feverfew
fennel and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fleroxacin
fennel decreases levels of fleroxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- flurbiprofen
flurbiprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fondaparinux
fondaparinux and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- forskolin
fennel and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- garlic
fennel and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- gemifloxacin
fennel decreases levels of gemifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ginger
fennel and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ginkgo biloba
fennel and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- heparin
heparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- horse chestnut seed
fennel and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ibuprofen
ibuprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ibuprofen IV
ibuprofen IV and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- indomethacin
indomethacin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketoprofen
ketoprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketorolac
ketorolac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketorolac intranasal
ketorolac intranasal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- levofloxacin
fennel decreases levels of levofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lornoxicam
lornoxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- meclofenamate
meclofenamate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mefenamic acid
mefenamic acid and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- meloxicam
meloxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mistletoe
fennel increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- moxifloxacin
fennel decreases levels of moxifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nabumetone
nabumetone and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- naproxen
naproxen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nettle
fennel increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ofloxacin
fennel decreases levels of ofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- oxaprozin
oxaprozin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- panax ginseng
fennel and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- parecoxib
parecoxib and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pau d'arco
fennel and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenindione
phenindione and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- phytoestrogens
fennel and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- piroxicam
piroxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- protamine
protamine and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- reishi
fennel and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- reteplase
reteplase and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- salicylates (non-asa)
salicylates (non-asa) and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- salsalate
salsalate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- Siberian ginseng
fennel and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sulfasalazine
sulfasalazine and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sulindac
sulindac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tenecteplase
tenecteplase and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- tolfenamic acid
tolfenamic acid and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tolmetin
tolmetin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
fennel increases and vitamin K1 (phytonadione) decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
Minor (4)
- anamu
anamu and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- ciprofloxacin
fennel decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown. Fennel may decrease the amount of ciprofloxacin the body absorbs. Take fennel at least 1 hour after ciprofloxacin administration.
- danshen
danshen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- devil's claw
devil's claw and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
Adverse Effects
Breathing problems, tightness of chest/throat, chest pain, nausea & vomiting, skin hives, rash, itchy or swollen skin, mild increase in menstrual flow, sun sensitivity, seizures
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to carrots, celery or mugwort
Concomitant antibiotics
Cautions
Pregnant or breastfeeding: seek physician advice
Pregnancy: do not use fennel preparations other than fennel honey & fennel seed infusions
Children: use only fennel honey
Epilepsy or seizure d/o
Do not use Fennel for a long time or in large quantities
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category: use only fennel honey & fennel seed infusions
Lactation: may increase milk flow, consult physician
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Metabolism: N/A
Excretion: N/A
Mechanism of Action
PO admin (200 mg/kg) of fruit methonolic extract:
- significantly increase plasma superoxide dismutase & catalase activity and HDL cholesterol levels
- inhibitory effect against acute & subacute inflammatory diseases & type IV allergic rxn
- showed central analgesic effect
Fennel seed oil: reduces intestinal spasms & increases motility of small intestine
Hepatoprotection: inhibits hepatotoxicity by decreasing levels of AST, ALT, ALP & bilirubin