Indication-specific dosing for aneth doux, bitterfenchel, fenchel, foeniculum vulgare (fennel), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information.

Sections

Sections Fennel
Suggested Dosing
Suggested Uses
Interactions
Adverse Effects
Warnings
Pregnancy
Pharmacology

Suggested Dosing

Tea

1-2 g crushed seed in 150 mL boiling water

Tincture

5-7.5 g/day PO

Fennel oil

01.-0.6 mL; no more than 2 weeks

Capsules

Take 1-2 caps (480-960 mg) qDay-TID, preferably with food

Suggested Uses

Treatment of infants & nursing children suffering from colic & dyspeptic disease

Digestive aid

URI, cough & sore throat

Reduces pain associated with menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)

Increase milk secretion, promote menstruation, facilitate birth, alleviate male climacteric (andropause) symptoms, & incr libido

Antiinflammatory, analgesic & antioxidant properties

Efficacy

Colic: A clinical trial showed breast-fed infants with colic had decreased crying time

Insufficient reliable information about effectiveness for other uses

Interaction Checker

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Interactions Found

Contraindicated

Serious - Use Alternative

Significant - Monitor Closely

Minor

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Contraindicated (0)

Serious - Use Alternative (0)

Monitor Closely (73)

aceclofenac
aceclofenac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
acemetacin
acemetacin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
agrimony
agrimony and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
alfalfa
alfalfa and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
American ginseng
American ginseng and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
antithrombin alfa
antithrombin alfa and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
antithrombin III
antithrombin III and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
argatroban
argatroban and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
aspirin
aspirin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
aspirin rectal
aspirin rectal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
bemiparin
bemiparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
bivalirudin
bivalirudin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
celecoxib
celecoxib and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
choline magnesium trisalicylate
choline magnesium trisalicylate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
cinnamon
cinnamon and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
cordyceps
cordyceps and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
dabigatran
dabigatran and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
dalteparin
dalteparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
diclofenac
diclofenac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
diflunisal
diflunisal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
dong quai
dong quai and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
enoxaparin
enoxaparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
epoprostenol
epoprostenol and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
etodolac
etodolac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
fenoprofen
fenoprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
feverfew
fennel and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
fleroxacin
fennel decreases levels of fleroxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
flurbiprofen
flurbiprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
fondaparinux
fondaparinux and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
forskolin
fennel and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
garlic
fennel and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
gemifloxacin
fennel decreases levels of gemifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
ginger
fennel and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ginkgo biloba
fennel and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
heparin
heparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
horse chestnut seed
fennel and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ibuprofen
ibuprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ibuprofen IV
ibuprofen IV and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
indomethacin
indomethacin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ketoprofen
ketoprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ketorolac
ketorolac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ketorolac intranasal
ketorolac intranasal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
levofloxacin
fennel decreases levels of levofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
lornoxicam
lornoxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
meclofenamate
meclofenamate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
mefenamic acid
mefenamic acid and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
meloxicam
meloxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
mistletoe
fennel increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
moxifloxacin
fennel decreases levels of moxifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
nabumetone
nabumetone and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
naproxen
naproxen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
nettle
fennel increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
ofloxacin
fennel decreases levels of ofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
oxaprozin
oxaprozin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
panax ginseng
fennel and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
parecoxib
parecoxib and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
pau d'arco
fennel and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
phenindione
phenindione and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
phytoestrogens
fennel and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
piroxicam
piroxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
protamine
protamine and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
reishi
fennel and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
reteplase
reteplase and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
salicylates (non-asa)
salicylates (non-asa) and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
salsalate
salsalate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
Siberian ginseng
fennel and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
sulfasalazine
sulfasalazine and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
sulindac
sulindac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
tenecteplase
tenecteplase and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
tolfenamic acid
tolfenamic acid and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
tolmetin
tolmetin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
fennel increases and vitamin K1 (phytonadione) decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

Minor (4)

anamu
anamu and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
ciprofloxacin
fennel decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown. Fennel may decrease the amount of ciprofloxacin the body absorbs. Take fennel at least 1 hour after ciprofloxacin administration.
danshen
danshen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
devil's claw
devil's claw and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

aceclofenac
Monitor Closely (1)aceclofenac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
acemetacin
Monitor Closely (1)acemetacin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
agrimony
Monitor Closely (1)agrimony and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
alfalfa
Monitor Closely (1)alfalfa and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
American ginseng
Monitor Closely (1)American ginseng and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
anamu
Minor (1)anamu and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
antithrombin alfa
Monitor Closely (1)antithrombin alfa and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
antithrombin III
Monitor Closely (1)antithrombin III and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
argatroban
Monitor Closely (1)argatroban and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
aspirin
Monitor Closely (1)aspirin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
aspirin rectal
Monitor Closely (1)aspirin rectal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
Monitor Closely (1)aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
bemiparin
Monitor Closely (1)bemiparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
bivalirudin
Monitor Closely (1)bivalirudin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
celecoxib
Monitor Closely (1)celecoxib and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
choline magnesium trisalicylate
Monitor Closely (1)choline magnesium trisalicylate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
cinnamon
Monitor Closely (1)cinnamon and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ciprofloxacin
Minor (1)fennel decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown. Fennel may decrease the amount of ciprofloxacin the body absorbs. Take fennel at least 1 hour after ciprofloxacin administration.
cordyceps
Monitor Closely (1)cordyceps and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
dabigatran
Monitor Closely (1)dabigatran and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
dalteparin
Monitor Closely (1)dalteparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
danshen
Minor (1)danshen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
devil's claw
Minor (1)devil's claw and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
diclofenac
Monitor Closely (1)diclofenac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
diflunisal
Monitor Closely (1)diflunisal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
dong quai
Monitor Closely (1)dong quai and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
enoxaparin
Monitor Closely (1)enoxaparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
epoprostenol
Monitor Closely (1)epoprostenol and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
etodolac
Monitor Closely (1)etodolac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
fenoprofen
Monitor Closely (1)fenoprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
feverfew
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
fleroxacin
Monitor Closely (1)fennel decreases levels of fleroxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
flurbiprofen
Monitor Closely (1)flurbiprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
fondaparinux
Monitor Closely (1)fondaparinux and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
forskolin
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
garlic
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
gemifloxacin
Monitor Closely (1)fennel decreases levels of gemifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
ginger
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ginkgo biloba
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
heparin
Monitor Closely (1)heparin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
horse chestnut seed
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ibuprofen
Monitor Closely (1)ibuprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ibuprofen IV
Monitor Closely (1)ibuprofen IV and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
indomethacin
Monitor Closely (1)indomethacin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ketoprofen
Monitor Closely (1)ketoprofen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ketorolac
Monitor Closely (1)ketorolac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
ketorolac intranasal
Monitor Closely (1)ketorolac intranasal and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
levofloxacin
Monitor Closely (1)fennel decreases levels of levofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
lornoxicam
Monitor Closely (1)lornoxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
meclofenamate
Monitor Closely (1)meclofenamate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
mefenamic acid
Monitor Closely (1)mefenamic acid and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
meloxicam
Monitor Closely (1)meloxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
mistletoe
Monitor Closely (1)fennel increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
moxifloxacin
Monitor Closely (1)fennel decreases levels of moxifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
nabumetone
Monitor Closely (1)nabumetone and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
naproxen
Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
nettle
Monitor Closely (1)fennel increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
ofloxacin
Monitor Closely (1)fennel decreases levels of ofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
oxaprozin
Monitor Closely (1)oxaprozin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
panax ginseng
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
parecoxib
Monitor Closely (1)parecoxib and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
pau d'arco
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
phenindione
Monitor Closely (1)phenindione and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
phytoestrogens
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
piroxicam
Monitor Closely (1)piroxicam and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
protamine
Monitor Closely (1)protamine and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
reishi
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
reteplase
Monitor Closely (1)reteplase and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
salicylates (non-asa)
Monitor Closely (1)salicylates (non-asa) and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
salsalate
Monitor Closely (1)salsalate and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
Siberian ginseng
Monitor Closely (1)fennel and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
sulfasalazine
Monitor Closely (1)sulfasalazine and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
sulindac
Monitor Closely (1)sulindac and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
tenecteplase
Monitor Closely (1)tenecteplase and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
tolfenamic acid
Monitor Closely (1)tolfenamic acid and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
tolmetin
Monitor Closely (1)tolmetin and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
Monitor Closely (1)fennel increases and vitamin K1 (phytonadione) decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

Adverse Effects

Breathing problems, tightness of chest/throat, chest pain, nausea & vomiting, skin hives, rash, itchy or swollen skin, mild increase in menstrual flow, sun sensitivity, seizures

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to carrots, celery or mugwort

Concomitant antibiotics

Cautions

Pregnant or breastfeeding: seek physician advice

Pregnancy: do not use fennel preparations other than fennel honey & fennel seed infusions

Children: use only fennel honey

Epilepsy or seizure d/o

Do not use Fennel for a long time or in large quantities

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Category: use only fennel honey & fennel seed infusions

Lactation: may increase milk flow, consult physician

Pregnancy Categories

A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

NA: Information not available.

Pharmacology

Metabolism: N/A

Excretion: N/A

Mechanism of Action

PO admin (200 mg/kg) of fruit methonolic extract:

significantly increase plasma superoxide dismutase & catalase activity and HDL cholesterol levels
inhibitory effect against acute & subacute inflammatory diseases & type IV allergic rxn
showed central analgesic effect

Fennel seed oil: reduces intestinal spasms & increases motility of small intestine

Hepatoprotection: inhibits hepatotoxicity by decreasing levels of AST, ALT, ALP & bilirubin

Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.

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