insulin glulisine (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Apidra, Apidra Solostar

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution (as 10 mL vial and 3 mL cartridge for OptiClick SC device)

  • 100 units/mL

prefilled 3 mL pen (Solostar)

  • 100 units/mL

Diabetes Mellitus Type I or II

Indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus

Dosing considerations

  • Equipotent to regular human insulin (ie, elicits same glucose lowering effects on unit per unit basis) when administered IV
  • Insulin glulisine has a more rapid onset of action and a shorter duration of action than regular human insulin
  • Dosage must be individualized; blood glucose monitoring is essential in all patients receiving insulin therapy
  • Total daily insulin requirement may vary and is usually between 0.5-1 unit/kg/day
  • Insulin requirements may be altered during stress, major illness, or with changes in exercise, meal patterns, or coadministered drugs

SC injection

  • Administer within 15 minutes before a meal or within 20 minutes after starting a meal
  • When administered by SC injection, insulin glulisine should generally be used in regimens with an intermediate- or long-acting insulin
  • Administered by SC injection in the abdominal wall, thigh, or upper arm
  • Injection sites should be rotated within the same region (abdomen, thigh or upper arm) from one injection to the next to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy

Continuous SC injection (insulin pump)

  • May be administered by continuous SC infusion in the abdominal wall
  • Do not dilute or mix with any other insulin
  • Infusion sites should be rotated within the same region to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy
  • Insulin in the reservoir must be changed at least q48hr
  • Do not expose to temeratures >98.6 F (37 C)
  • Initial programming of the external insulin infusion pump should be based on the total daily insulin dose of the previous regimen
  • Malfunction of the insulin pump or infusion set, or handling errors or insulin degradation can rapidly lead to hyperglycemia, ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis
  • See prescribing information for compatible insulin pumps

IV administration

  • May be administered IV while under medical supervision for glycemic control with close monitoring of blood glucose and serum potassium to avoid hypoglycemia and hypokalemia
  • When administered IV, use concentrations of 0.05-1 unit/mL in infusion systems using PVC bags
  • Stable only in 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
  • Inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration
  • Do not administer insulin mixtures IV

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution (as 10 mL vial and 3 mL cartridge for Opticlick SC device)

  • 100 units/mL

prefilled 3 mL pen (Solostar)

  • 100 units/mL

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus

Dosage of human insulin, which is always expressed in USP units, must be based on the results of blood and urine glucose tests and must be carefully individualized to optimal effect

<4 years: Safety and efficacy not established

4-17 years: May require 0.8-1.2 units/kg/day SC during growth spurts; otherwise use adult dosing (0.5-1 unit/kg/day)

Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and insulin glulisine

No Results

     activity indicator 
    No Interactions Found
    Interactions Found

    Contraindicated

      Serious - Use Alternative

        Significant - Monitor Closely

          Minor

            All Interactions Sort By:
             activity indicator 

            Contraindicated (1)

            • pramlintide

              insulin glulisine, pramlintide. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Contraindicated. Must be administered separately.

            Serious - Use Alternative (2)

            • ethanol

              ethanol, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Alcohol may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; alcohol may decrease endogenous glucose production (increased hypoglycemia risk) or worsen glycemic control by adding calories.

            • macimorelin

              insulin glulisine, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that may transiently elevate growth hormone (GH) concentrations may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin.

            Monitor Closely (127)

            • acarbose

              acarbose, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • albiglutide

              albiglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • alogliptin

              alogliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • aripiprazole

              aripiprazole, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • asenapine

              asenapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • aspirin

              aspirin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • atazanavir

              atazanavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • azilsartan

              azilsartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • benazepril

              benazepril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced hypoglycemic effects; Monitor blood glucose.

            • bexagliflozin

              bexagliflozin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with bexagliflozin.

            • bitter melon

              bitter melon increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • canagliflozin

              insulin glulisine, canagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with canagliflozin.

              canagliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • candesartan

              candesartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • captopril

              captopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose.

            • chlorpropamide

              chlorpropamide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • cinnamon

              cinnamon increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.

            • ciprofibrate

              ciprofibrate increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.

            • clozapine

              clozapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • dapagliflozin

              insulin glulisine, dapagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with dapagliflozin.

              dapagliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • darunavir

              darunavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • deflazacort

              insulin glulisine and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexfenfluramine

              dexfenfluramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Dexfenfluramine enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissue, increasing risk of hypoglycemia.

            • dichlorphenamide

              dichlorphenamide and insulin glulisine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • disopyramide

              disopyramide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and disopyramide may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • dulaglutide

              dulaglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • empagliflozin

              empagliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with SGLT2 inhibitors.

            • enalapril

              enalapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • eprosartan

              eprosartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • ertugliflozin

              ertugliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with ertugliflozin.

            • ethinylestradiol

              ethinylestradiol decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

            • exenatide injectable solution

              exenatide injectable solution, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • exenatide injectable suspension

              exenatide injectable suspension, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • fenfluramine

              fenfluramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Fenfluramine enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissue, increasing risk of hypoglycemia.

            • fenofibrate

              fenofibrate increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.

            • fenofibrate micronized

              fenofibrate micronized increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.

            • fenofibric acid

              fenofibric acid increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.

            • fleroxacin

              fleroxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

            • fluoxetine

              fluoxetine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and fluoxetine may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • fosamprenavir

              fosamprenavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • fosinopril

              fosinopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • gemfibrozil

              gemfibrozil increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.

            • gemifloxacin

              gemifloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

            • glimepiride

              glimepiride, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • glipizide

              glipizide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • glucagon

              glucagon decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

            • glucagon intranasal

              glucagon intranasal decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

            • glyburide

              glyburide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • imidapril

              imidapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • indinavir

              indinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • irbesartan

              irbesartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • isocarboxazid

              isocarboxazid increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketotifen, ophthalmic

              ketotifen, ophthalmic, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may result in thrombocytopenia (rare). Monitor CBC.

            • lanreotide

              lanreotide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • levofloxacin

              levofloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

            • linagliptin

              linagliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • linezolid

              linezolid increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • liraglutide

              liraglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • lisinopril

              lisinopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lithium

              lithium, insulin glulisine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lithium salts may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.

            • lonapegsomatropin

              lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.

            • lopinavir

              lopinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • losartan

              losartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • lurasidone

              lurasidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • magnesium salicylate

              magnesium salicylate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • marijuana

              marijuana decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mecasermin

              mecasermin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypoglycemic effects.

            • metformin

              metformin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • methyltestosterone

              methyltestosterone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. It is important to monitor all patients with type 2 diabetes on antidiabetic agents receiving androgens for changes in glycemic control. Potential for hypoglycemia.

            • metoclopramide intranasal

              metoclopramide intranasal increases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Increased GI motility by metoclopramide may increase delivery of food to the intestines and increase blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose and adjust insulin dosage regimen as needed.

            • metreleptin

              insulin glulisine, metreleptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of metreleptin with insulin and/or insulin secretagogues (eg, sulfonylureas, meglitinide derivatives) may increase risk for hypoglycemia; may require lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue.

            • miglitol

              miglitol, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • moexipril

              moexipril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • moxifloxacin

              moxifloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

            • nadolol

              nadolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.

            • nateglinide

              nateglinide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • nelfinavir

              nelfinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • niacin

              niacin decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and niacin may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • octreotide

              octreotide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • ofloxacin

              ofloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

            • olanzapine

              olanzapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • olmesartan

              olmesartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • opuntia ficus indica

              opuntia ficus indica increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • paliperidone

              paliperidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • pasireotide

              pasireotide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • pentamidine

              pentamidine, insulin glulisine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Pentamidine may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia followed by the opposing effect. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.

            • perindopril

              perindopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenelzine

              phenelzine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pindolol

              pindolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.

            • pioglitazone

              insulin glulisine increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).

              pioglitazone, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • procarbazine

              procarbazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • propranolol

              propranolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.

            • quetiapine

              quetiapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • quinapril

              quinapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ramipril

              ramipril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • rasagiline

              rasagiline increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • risperidone

              risperidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            • ritonavir

              ritonavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • rosiglitazone

              insulin glulisine increases toxicity of rosiglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).

              rosiglitazone, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • sacubitril/valsartan

              sacubitril/valsartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • salsalate

              salsalate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

            • saquinavir

              saquinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • saxagliptin

              saxagliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • selegiline

              selegiline increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • semaglutide

              semaglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with GLP-1 agonists may increase hypoglycemia risk. Lowering the insulin dose may reduce hypoglycemia risk.

            • shark cartilage

              shark cartilage increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Theoretical interaction.

            • sitagliptin

              sitagliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

              sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

            • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

              sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

            • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol

              insulin glulisine and sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • somapacitan

              somapacitan decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .

            • somatropin

              somatropin decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sotagliflozin

              sotagliflozin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Hypoglycemia risk increased. Lower dose of insulin may be required.

            • sulfadiazine

              sulfadiazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • sulfamethoxypyridazine

              sulfamethoxypyridazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • sulfisoxazole

              sulfisoxazole increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • telmisartan

              telmisartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • testosterone intranasal

              testosterone intranasal increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

            • timolol

              timolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.

            • tipranavir

              tipranavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

            • tolazamide

              tolazamide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • tolbutamide

              tolbutamide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

            • trandolapril

              trandolapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tranylcypromine

              tranylcypromine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

              triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.

            • valsartan

              valsartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

            • xipamide

              xipamide decreases levels of insulin glulisine by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ziprasidone

              ziprasidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

            Minor (76)

            • agrimony

              agrimony increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • American ginseng

              American ginseng increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • amitriptyline

              amitriptyline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • amoxapine

              amoxapine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • anamu

              anamu increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.

            • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

              aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • balsalazide

              balsalazide increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • bendroflumethiazide

              bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

            • bexarotene

              bexarotene increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • budesonide

              budesonide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • chlorothiazide

              chlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

            • chlorthalidone

              chlorthalidone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

            • chromium

              chromium increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • clomipramine

              clomipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • clonidine

              clonidine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.

              clonidine decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.

            • coenzyme Q10

              coenzyme Q10 increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Monitor insulin requirements.

            • cornsilk

              cornsilk increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).

            • cortisone

              cortisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cyclopenthiazide

              cyclopenthiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

            • damiana

              damiana decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.

            • danazol

              danazol increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • deflazacort

              deflazacort decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • desipramine

              desipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • devil's claw

              devil's claw increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • dexamethasone

              dexamethasone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • diflunisal

              diflunisal increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • doxepin

              doxepin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • elderberry

              elderberry increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (in vitro research).

            • eucalyptus

              eucalyptus increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.

            • fludrocortisone

              fludrocortisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • fluoxymesterone

              fluoxymesterone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • fo-ti

              fo-ti increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • forskolin

              forskolin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Colenol, a compound found in Coleus root, may stimulate insulin release.

            • gotu kola

              gotu kola increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).

            • guanfacine

              guanfacine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.

              guanfacine decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.

            • gymnema

              gymnema increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • horse chestnut seed

              horse chestnut seed increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • hydrochlorothiazide

              hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

            • hydrocortisone

              hydrocortisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • imipramine

              imipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • indapamide

              indapamide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

            • isoniazid

              isoniazid decreases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • juniper

              juniper increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).

            • lofepramine

              lofepramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • lycopus

              lycopus increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).

            • maitake

              maitake increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (animal research).

            • maprotiline

              maprotiline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • mesalamine

              mesalamine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • mesterolone

              mesterolone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • methylprednisolone

              methylprednisolone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • metolazone

              metolazone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

            • nettle

              nettle increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).

            • nortriptyline

              nortriptyline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ofloxacin

              ofloxacin, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential dysglycemia.

            • oxandrolone

              oxandrolone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • oxymetholone

              oxymetholone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • panax ginseng

              panax ginseng increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • pegvisomant

              pegvisomant increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • potassium acid phosphate

              potassium acid phosphate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.

            • potassium chloride

              potassium chloride increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.

            • potassium citrate

              potassium citrate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.

            • prednisolone

              prednisolone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • prednisone

              prednisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • protriptyline

              protriptyline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • sage

              sage increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • salicylates (non-asa)

              salicylates (non-asa) increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • Siberian ginseng

              Siberian ginseng increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • sulfasalazine

              sulfasalazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            • testosterone

              testosterone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • testosterone buccal system

              testosterone buccal system increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • testosterone topical

              testosterone topical increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • tongkat ali

              tongkat ali increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia.

            • trazodone

              trazodone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • trimipramine

              trimipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • vanadium

              vanadium increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • willow bark

              willow bark increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.

            Previous
            Next:

            Adverse Effects

            Frequency Not Defined

            Hypoglycemia

            Insulin resistance

            Lipodystrophy

            Lipohypertrophy

            Local allergic rxn

            Hypokalemia

            Previous
            Next:

            Warnings

            Contraindications

            During episodes of hypoglycemia

            Documented hypersensitivity

            Cautions

            Adjust dosage and monitoring when medically warranted

            Decreased insulin requirements: Diarrhea, N/V, malabsorption, hypothyroidism, renal impairment, hepatic impairment

            Increased insulin requirements: fever, hyperthyroidism, trauma, infection, surgery

            May cause a shift in potassium from extracellular to intracellular space, possibly leading to hypokalemia; untreated hypokalemia may cause respiratory paralysis, ventricular arrhythmia, and death; use caution in patients who may be at risk for hypokalemia (eg, patients using potassium-lowering medications, patients taking medications sensitive to serum potassium concentrations)

            Frequent glucose monitoring and insulin dose reduction may be required with renal or hepatic impairment

            Thiazolidinediones are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists and can cause dose-related fluid retention, particularly when used in combination with insulin; fluid retention may lead to or exacerbate heart failure, monitor for signs and symptoms of heart failure and treat accordingly and consider discontinuing thiazolidinediones if heart failure develops

            Never share a pen between patients even if needle is changed; patients using vials should never reuse them and must never share needles or syringes with another person; sharing of needles or pens poses a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens

            Accidental mix-ups between insulin products reported; to avoid medication errors between APIDRA and other insulin therapy, instruct patients to always check insulin label before each injection

            If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue therapy; treat per standard of care and monitor until symptoms and signs resolve; drug is contraindicated in patients who have had a hypersensitivity reaction to it or any of its excipients

            Do not mix SC injection with insulin preparations other than NPH insulin

            Hypoglycemia

            • Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse reaction of all insulin therapies; severe hypoglycemia can cause seizures, may lead to unconsciousness, may be life-threatening, or cause death; hypoglycemia can impair concentration ability and reaction time; this may place an individual and others at risk in situations where these abilities are important (eg, driving or operating other machinery)
            • Hypoglycemia can happen suddenly and symptoms may differ in each individual and change over time in the same individual; symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia may be less pronounced in patients with longstanding diabetes, patients with diabetic neuropathy, patients using medications that block the sympathetic nervous system (eg, beta-blockers), or in patients who experience recurrent hypoglycemia; insulin should not be used during episodes of hypoglycemia
            • Patients and caregivers must be educated to recognize and manage hypoglycemia; self-monitoring of blood glucose plays an essential role in prevention and management of hypoglycemia; in patients at higher risk for hypoglycemia and patients who have reduced symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia, increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring is recommended

            Hypoglycemia risk factors

            • Risk of hypoglycemia after injection is related to duration of action of the insulin and, in general, is highest when glucose-lowering effect of insulin is maximal; the timing of hypoglycemia usually reflects time-action profile of the administered insulin formulation; as with all insulin preparations, the glucose-lowering effect time course of this insulin formulation may vary in different individuals or at different times in the same individual and depends on many conditions, including area of injection as well as injection site blood supply and temperature
            • Other factors which may increase risk of hypoglycemia include changes in meal pattern (eg, macronutrient content or timing of meals), changes in level of physical activity, or changes to coadministered medication; patients with renal or hepatic impairment may be at higher risk of hypoglycemia

            Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia with changes in insulin regimen

            • Changes in insulin, insulin strength, manufacturer, type, or method of administration may affect glycemic control and predispose to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
            • Changes should be made cautiously and only under close medical supervision and frequency of blood glucose monitoring should be increased
            • Repeated insulin injections into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis reported to result in hyperglycemia; a sudden change in the injection site (to unaffected area) has been reported to result in hypoglycemia
            • Make any changes to a patient’s insulin regimen under close medical supervision with increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring
            • Advise patients who have repeatedly injected into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis to change injection site to unaffected areas and closely monitor for hypoglycemia
            • For patients with type 2 diabetes, dosage adjustments in concomitant oral antidiabetic treatment may be needed

            SC insulin infusion

            • Do not dilute or mix with any other insulin
            • Insulin in the reservoir must be changed at least every 48 hr
            • Do not expose to temperatures >98.6 F (37 C)
            • Malfunction of the insulin pump or infusion set, or handling errors or insulin degradation can rapidly lead to hyperglycemia, ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis; prompt identification and correction of cause of hyperglycemia or ketosis necessary; patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump therapy must be trained to administer insulin by injection and have alternate insulin therapy available in case of pump failure
            Previous
            Next:

            Pregnancy & Lactation

            Pregnancy

            Available pharmacovigilance data have not established an association with insulin glulisine use during pregnancy and major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes; there are risks to mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy

            Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia occur more frequently during pregnancy in patients with pre-gestational diabetes; poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, and delivery complications; poorly controlled diabetes increases fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia related morbidity

            Animal data

            • Animal reproduction studies have been conducted with insulin glulisine in rats and rabbits using regular human insulin as a comparator; insulin glulisine was given to female rats throughout pregnancy at subcutaneous doses up to 10 units/kg/day (2 times the average human dose, based on body surface area comparison) and to rabbits during organogenesis at subcutaneous doses up to 1.5 units/kg/day (0.5 times the average human dose, based on body surface area comparison); effects did not differ from those observed with subcutaneous regular human insulin

            Lactation

            Available data from published literature suggest that human insulin products are transferred into human milk; there are no adverse reactions reported in breastfed infants in literature; there are no data on effects of exogenous human insulin products, on milk production; developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with mother’s clinical need for therapy and any potential adverse effects on breastfed infant or from underlying maternal condition

            Pregnancy Categories

            A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

            B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

            C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

            D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

            X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

            NA: Information not available.

            Previous
            Next:

            Pharmacology

            Mechanism of Action

            Protein hormone

            Insulins lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

            Absorption

            Bioavailability: 70% following SC

            Onset: 20 min (SC abdominal or deltoid injection); 30 min (SC femoral injection)

            Peak Plasma Time: 1 hr

            Peak Plasma Concentration: 83 microUnits/mL

            Duration of action: 5 hr

            Distribution

            Protein Bound: 5% (not bound to serum binding-protein, but present as a monomer in plasma)

            Vd: 13 L

            Metabolism

            Liver >50%; kidney 30%; adipose tissue/muscle 20%

            Elimination

            Half-Life: 13 minutes (IV); 42 min (SC)

            Previous
            Next:

            Images

            BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
            Apidra U-100 Insulin subcutaneous
            -
            100 unit/mL vial
            Apidra SoloStar U-100 Insulin subcutaneous
            -
            100 unit/mL insulin pen

            Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

            Previous
            Next:

            Patient Handout

            Patient Education
            insulin glulisine U-100 subcutaneous

            INSULIN GLULISINE - INJECTION

            (IN-su-lin GLOO-lis-een)

            COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Apidra

            USES: Insulin glulisine is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke.Insulin glulisine is a man-made product that is similar to human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. Insulin glulisine starts working faster and lasts for a shorter time than regular insulin. It works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. This medication is usually used with a medium- or long-acting insulin product.

            HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you start using this medication and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor, diabetes educator, or pharmacist.Learn all preparation and usage instructions from your health care professional and the product package.Before using, check this product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the insulin. Insulin glulisine should be clear and colorless.Before injecting each dose, clean the injection site with rubbing alcohol. Change where you inject each time to lessen the risk of problems or damage under the skin (for example, pits/lumps or thickened skin). Insulin glulisine may be injected in the stomach area, the thigh, or the back of the upper arm. Do not inject into skin that is red, swollen, itchy, or damaged. Do not inject cold insulin because this can be painful. The insulin container you are currently using can be kept at room temperature (see also Storage section).Inject this medication under the skin as directed by your doctor, usually within 15 minutes before eating a meal or within 20 minutes after starting the meal. Do not inject into a vein or muscle because very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) may occur. Because this insulin is fast-acting, do not use the insulin if you are unable to eat within 15 minutes of injection or if you have low blood sugar. Not eating right after a dose of insulin may lead to low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Do not rub the area after the injection.Giving insulin glulisine into a vein should only be done by a health care professional. Very low blood sugar may result.If you are directed to inject this insulin with an infusion pump, read the instruction manual and directions that come with the infusion pump. If you have any questions, ask your health care professional. Avoid exposing the pump or its tubing to direct sunlight or other heat sources. Do not dilute insulin if you are using an insulin pump.This product may be mixed only with certain other insulin products such as NPH insulin. Always draw the insulin glulisine into the syringe first, then follow with the longer-acting insulin. Never inject a mixture of different insulins into a vein. Consult your health care professional about which products may be mixed, the proper method for mixing insulin, and the proper way to inject mixtures of insulin. Do not mix insulins if you are using an insulin pump.If you are directed to add a mixing liquid to insulin glulisine before use (dilute), ask your health care professional about the correct way to dilute insulin.Do not change brands or types of insulin without directions on how to do so from your doctor.Do not share your pen device with another person, even if the needle is changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them. Learn how to store and discard medical supplies safely.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Measure each dose very carefully because even small changes in the amount of insulin may have a large effect on your blood sugar.Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Keep track of your results and share them with your doctor. This is very important in order to determine the correct insulin dose.Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, use it at the same times each day.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens (your blood sugar is too high or too low).

            SIDE EFFECTS: Injection site reactions (such as pain, redness, irritation) or weight gain may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: signs of low potassium level in the blood (such as muscle cramps, weakness, irregular heartbeat).This medication can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This may occur if you do not consume enough calories from food or if you do unusually heavy exercise. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, rapidly raise your blood sugar by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink fruit juice or non-diet soda. Tell your doctor right away about the reaction and the use of this product. To help prevent low blood sugar, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to find out what you should do if you miss a meal.Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) include thirst, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, flushing, rapid breathing, and fruity breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away. Your dosage may need to be increased.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

            PRECAUTIONS: Before using insulin glulisine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other insulins; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Do not use this medication when you have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, liver disease, thyroid problems.You may experience blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness due to extremely low or high blood sugar. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.Limit alcohol while taking this medication because it can increase your risk of developing low blood sugar.It may be harder to control your blood sugar when your body is stressed (such as due to fever, infection, injury, or surgery). Consult your doctor because this may require a change in your treatment plan, medications, or blood sugar testing.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Check your blood sugar before and after exercise. You may need a snack beforehand.If traveling across time zones, ask your doctor about how to adjust your insulin schedule. Take extra insulin and supplies with you.Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially low blood sugar.Children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially low blood sugar.Tell your doctor right away if you are pregnant. Pregnancy may cause or worsen diabetes. Discuss a plan with your doctor for managing your blood sugar while pregnant. Your doctor may change your diabetes treatment during your pregnancy (such as diet and medications including insulin).This medication passes into breast milk, but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. Your insulin needs may change while breast-feeding.

            DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Beta-blocker medications (such as metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast/pounding heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar, such as dizziness, hunger, or sweating, are unaffected by these drugs.Many drugs can affect your blood sugar levels, making it more difficult to control your blood sugar. Before you start, stop, or change any medication, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how the medication may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor about the results and of any symptoms of high or low blood sugar. (See also Side Effects section.) Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.

            OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: signs of low blood sugar such as sweating, shakiness, loss of consciousness, fast heartbeat.

            NOTES: Do not share this medication, needles, or syringes with others.Attend a diabetes education program to learn more about how to manage your diabetes with medications, diet, exercise, and regular medical exams.Learn the symptoms of high and low blood sugar and how to treat low blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor.Lab and/or medical tests (such as liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood counts) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments.Keep extra supplies of insulin, syringes, and needles on hand.

            MISSED DOSE: It is very important to follow your insulin regimen exactly. Ask your doctor ahead of time what you should do if you miss a dose of insulin.

            STORAGE: It is best to refrigerate all unopened insulin products. Unopened insulin glulisine may also be stored at room temperature, but it must be thrown away after 28 days. Opened insulin glulisine vials may be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature. Opened insulin glulisine cartridges and prefilled pens can only be stored at room temperature and should not be refrigerated. Do not store the delivery device in the refrigerator. Throw away all insulin glulisine in use after 28 days, even if there is insulin left. Also throw away all insulin products after the expiration date on the package. Do not freeze and do not use insulin that has been frozen.If using this drug in an insulin pump, do not store this drug in the pump for more than 48 hours. Doing so may lead to ineffective treatment and high blood sugar. Do not expose the insulin in your pump to direct sunlight or temperatures above 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C).Protect insulin from light and heat. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

            MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).

            Information last revised February 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

            IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

            Previous
            Next:

            Formulary

            FormularyPatient Discounts

            Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

            To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

            Adding plans allows you to:

            • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
            • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
            • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
            • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

            The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

            Tier Description
            1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
            2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
            3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
            4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
            Code Definition
            PA Prior Authorization
            Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
            QL Quantity Limits
            Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
            ST Step Therapy
            Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
            OR Other Restrictions
            Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
            Additional Offers
            Email to Patient

            From:

            To:

            The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.

            By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information.

            Email Forms to Patient

            From:

            To:

            The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.

            By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information.

            Previous
            Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.