Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injectable solution (as 10 mL vial and 3 mL cartridge for OptiClick SC device)
- 100 units/mL
prefilled 3 mL pen (Solostar)
- 100 units/mL
Diabetes Mellitus Type I or II
Indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus
Dosing considerations
- Equipotent to regular human insulin (ie, elicits same glucose lowering effects on unit per unit basis) when administered IV
- Insulin glulisine has a more rapid onset of action and a shorter duration of action than regular human insulin
- Dosage must be individualized; blood glucose monitoring is essential in all patients receiving insulin therapy
- Total daily insulin requirement may vary and is usually between 0.5-1 unit/kg/day
- Insulin requirements may be altered during stress, major illness, or with changes in exercise, meal patterns, or coadministered drugs
SC injection
- Administer within 15 minutes before a meal or within 20 minutes after starting a meal
- When administered by SC injection, insulin glulisine should generally be used in regimens with an intermediate- or long-acting insulin
- Administered by SC injection in the abdominal wall, thigh, or upper arm
- Injection sites should be rotated within the same region (abdomen, thigh or upper arm) from one injection to the next to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy
Continuous SC injection (insulin pump)
- May be administered by continuous SC infusion in the abdominal wall
- Do not dilute or mix with any other insulin
- Infusion sites should be rotated within the same region to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy
- Insulin in the reservoir must be changed at least q48hr
- Do not expose to temeratures >98.6 F (37 C)
- Initial programming of the external insulin infusion pump should be based on the total daily insulin dose of the previous regimen
- Malfunction of the insulin pump or infusion set, or handling errors or insulin degradation can rapidly lead to hyperglycemia, ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis
- See prescribing information for compatible insulin pumps
IV administration
- May be administered IV while under medical supervision for glycemic control with close monitoring of blood glucose and serum potassium to avoid hypoglycemia and hypokalemia
- When administered IV, use concentrations of 0.05-1 unit/mL in infusion systems using PVC bags
- Stable only in 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
- Inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration
- Do not administer insulin mixtures IV
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injectable solution (as 10 mL vial and 3 mL cartridge for Opticlick SC device)
- 100 units/mL
prefilled 3 mL pen (Solostar)
- 100 units/mL
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus
Dosage of human insulin, which is always expressed in USP units, must be based on the results of blood and urine glucose tests and must be carefully individualized to optimal effect
<4 years: Safety and efficacy not established
4-17 years: May require 0.8-1.2 units/kg/day SC during growth spurts; otherwise use adult dosing (0.5-1 unit/kg/day)
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (1)
- pramlintide
insulin glulisine, pramlintide. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Contraindicated. Must be administered separately.
Serious - Use Alternative (2)
- ethanol
ethanol, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Alcohol may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; alcohol may decrease endogenous glucose production (increased hypoglycemia risk) or worsen glycemic control by adding calories.
- macimorelin
insulin glulisine, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that may transiently elevate growth hormone (GH) concentrations may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin.
Monitor Closely (127)
- acarbose
acarbose, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- albiglutide
albiglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- alogliptin
alogliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- aripiprazole
aripiprazole, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- asenapine
asenapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- aspirin
aspirin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
- atazanavir
atazanavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- azilsartan
azilsartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- benazepril
benazepril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced hypoglycemic effects; Monitor blood glucose.
- bexagliflozin
bexagliflozin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with bexagliflozin.
- bitter melon
bitter melon increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- canagliflozin
insulin glulisine, canagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with canagliflozin.
canagliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - candesartan
candesartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- captopril
captopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose.
- chlorpropamide
chlorpropamide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- cinnamon
cinnamon increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.
- ciprofibrate
ciprofibrate increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- clozapine
clozapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- dapagliflozin
insulin glulisine, dapagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with dapagliflozin.
dapagliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - darunavir
darunavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- deflazacort
insulin glulisine and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dexfenfluramine
dexfenfluramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Dexfenfluramine enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissue, increasing risk of hypoglycemia.
- dichlorphenamide
dichlorphenamide and insulin glulisine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
- disopyramide
disopyramide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and disopyramide may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- dulaglutide
dulaglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- empagliflozin
empagliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with SGLT2 inhibitors.
- enalapril
enalapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- eprosartan
eprosartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- ertugliflozin
ertugliflozin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with ertugliflozin.
- ethinylestradiol
ethinylestradiol decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
- exenatide injectable solution
exenatide injectable solution, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- exenatide injectable suspension
exenatide injectable suspension, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- fenfluramine
fenfluramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Fenfluramine enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissue, increasing risk of hypoglycemia.
- fenofibrate
fenofibrate increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fenofibrate micronized
fenofibrate micronized increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fleroxacin
fleroxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- fluoxetine
fluoxetine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and fluoxetine may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- fosinopril
fosinopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- gemfibrozil
gemfibrozil increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- gemifloxacin
gemifloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- glimepiride
glimepiride, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- glipizide
glipizide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- glucagon
glucagon decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- glucagon intranasal
glucagon intranasal decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- glyburide
glyburide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- imidapril
imidapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- indinavir
indinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- irbesartan
irbesartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- isocarboxazid
isocarboxazid increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketotifen, ophthalmic
ketotifen, ophthalmic, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may result in thrombocytopenia (rare). Monitor CBC.
- lanreotide
lanreotide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- levofloxacin
levofloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- linagliptin
linagliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- linezolid
linezolid increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- liraglutide
liraglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- lisinopril
lisinopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lithium
lithium, insulin glulisine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lithium salts may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.
- lonapegsomatropin
lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.
- lopinavir
lopinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- losartan
losartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- lurasidone
lurasidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- magnesium salicylate
magnesium salicylate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
- marijuana
marijuana decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mecasermin
mecasermin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypoglycemic effects.
- metformin
metformin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- methyltestosterone
methyltestosterone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. It is important to monitor all patients with type 2 diabetes on antidiabetic agents receiving androgens for changes in glycemic control. Potential for hypoglycemia.
- metoclopramide intranasal
metoclopramide intranasal increases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Increased GI motility by metoclopramide may increase delivery of food to the intestines and increase blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose and adjust insulin dosage regimen as needed.
- metreleptin
insulin glulisine, metreleptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of metreleptin with insulin and/or insulin secretagogues (eg, sulfonylureas, meglitinide derivatives) may increase risk for hypoglycemia; may require lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue.
- miglitol
miglitol, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- moexipril
moexipril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- moxifloxacin
moxifloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- nadolol
nadolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- nateglinide
nateglinide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- nelfinavir
nelfinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- niacin
niacin decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and niacin may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- octreotide
octreotide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- olanzapine
olanzapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- olmesartan
olmesartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- opuntia ficus indica
opuntia ficus indica increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- paliperidone
paliperidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- pasireotide
pasireotide increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- pentamidine
pentamidine, insulin glulisine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Pentamidine may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia followed by the opposing effect. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.
- perindopril
perindopril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenelzine
phenelzine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pindolol
pindolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- pioglitazone
insulin glulisine increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - procarbazine
procarbazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- propranolol
propranolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- quetiapine
quetiapine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- quinapril
quinapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ramipril
ramipril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rasagiline
rasagiline increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- risperidone
risperidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- ritonavir
ritonavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- rosiglitazone
insulin glulisine increases toxicity of rosiglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
rosiglitazone, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - sacubitril/valsartan
sacubitril/valsartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- salsalate
salsalate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
- saquinavir
saquinavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- saxagliptin
saxagliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- selegiline
selegiline increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- semaglutide
semaglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with GLP-1 agonists may increase hypoglycemia risk. Lowering the insulin dose may reduce hypoglycemia risk.
- shark cartilage
shark cartilage increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Theoretical interaction.
- sitagliptin
sitagliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride
sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.
- sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate
sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.
- sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol
insulin glulisine and sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- somapacitan
somapacitan decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .
- somatropin
somatropin decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sotagliflozin
sotagliflozin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Hypoglycemia risk increased. Lower dose of insulin may be required.
- sulfadiazine
sulfadiazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- sulfamethoxypyridazine
sulfamethoxypyridazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- sulfisoxazole
sulfisoxazole increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- telmisartan
telmisartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- testosterone intranasal
testosterone intranasal increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.
- timolol
timolol, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- tipranavir
tipranavir decreases effects of insulin glulisine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- tolazamide
tolazamide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- tolbutamide
tolbutamide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- trandolapril
trandolapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tranylcypromine
tranylcypromine increases effects of insulin glulisine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension
triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.
- valsartan
valsartan increases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- xipamide
xipamide decreases levels of insulin glulisine by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ziprasidone
ziprasidone, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
Minor (76)
- agrimony
agrimony increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- American ginseng
American ginseng increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amitriptyline
amitriptyline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amoxapine
amoxapine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- anamu
anamu increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- balsalazide
balsalazide increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- bendroflumethiazide
bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- bexarotene
bexarotene increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- budesonide
budesonide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- chlorothiazide
chlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- chlorthalidone
chlorthalidone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- chromium
chromium increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clomipramine
clomipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clonidine
clonidine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.
clonidine decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia. - coenzyme Q10
coenzyme Q10 increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Monitor insulin requirements.
- cornsilk
cornsilk increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- cortisone
cortisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- cyclopenthiazide
cyclopenthiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- damiana
damiana decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- danazol
danazol increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- deflazacort
deflazacort decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- desipramine
desipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- devil's claw
devil's claw increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dexamethasone
dexamethasone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- diflunisal
diflunisal increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- doxepin
doxepin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- elderberry
elderberry increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (in vitro research).
- eucalyptus
eucalyptus increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- fludrocortisone
fludrocortisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fluoxymesterone
fluoxymesterone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fo-ti
fo-ti increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- forskolin
forskolin increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Colenol, a compound found in Coleus root, may stimulate insulin release.
- gotu kola
gotu kola increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- guanfacine
guanfacine, insulin glulisine. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.
guanfacine decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia. - gymnema
gymnema increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- horse chestnut seed
horse chestnut seed increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- hydrochlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- imipramine
imipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- indapamide
indapamide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- isoniazid
isoniazid decreases effects of insulin glulisine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- juniper
juniper increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- lofepramine
lofepramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lycopus
lycopus increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- maitake
maitake increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (animal research).
- maprotiline
maprotiline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- mesalamine
mesalamine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- mesterolone
mesterolone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- methylprednisolone
methylprednisolone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- metolazone
metolazone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- nettle
nettle increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- nortriptyline
nortriptyline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin, insulin glulisine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential dysglycemia.
- oxandrolone
oxandrolone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- oxymetholone
oxymetholone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- panax ginseng
panax ginseng increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pegvisomant
pegvisomant increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- potassium acid phosphate
potassium acid phosphate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium chloride
potassium chloride increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium citrate
potassium citrate increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- prednisolone
prednisolone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- prednisone
prednisone decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- protriptyline
protriptyline increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sage
sage increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- salicylates (non-asa)
salicylates (non-asa) increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- Siberian ginseng
Siberian ginseng increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sulfasalazine
sulfasalazine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- testosterone
testosterone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone buccal system
testosterone buccal system increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone topical
testosterone topical increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- tongkat ali
tongkat ali increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- trazodone
trazodone increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- trimipramine
trimipramine increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- vanadium
vanadium increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- willow bark
willow bark increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Hypoglycemia
Insulin resistance
Lipodystrophy
Lipohypertrophy
Local allergic rxn
Hypokalemia
Warnings
Contraindications
During episodes of hypoglycemia
Documented hypersensitivity
Cautions
Adjust dosage and monitoring when medically warranted
Decreased insulin requirements: Diarrhea, N/V, malabsorption, hypothyroidism, renal impairment, hepatic impairment
Increased insulin requirements: fever, hyperthyroidism, trauma, infection, surgery
May cause a shift in potassium from extracellular to intracellular space, possibly leading to hypokalemia; untreated hypokalemia may cause respiratory paralysis, ventricular arrhythmia, and death; use caution in patients who may be at risk for hypokalemia (eg, patients using potassium-lowering medications, patients taking medications sensitive to serum potassium concentrations)
Frequent glucose monitoring and insulin dose reduction may be required with renal or hepatic impairment
Thiazolidinediones are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists and can cause dose-related fluid retention, particularly when used in combination with insulin; fluid retention may lead to or exacerbate heart failure, monitor for signs and symptoms of heart failure and treat accordingly and consider discontinuing thiazolidinediones if heart failure develops
Never share a pen between patients even if needle is changed; patients using vials should never reuse them and must never share needles or syringes with another person; sharing of needles or pens poses a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens
Accidental mix-ups between insulin products reported; to avoid medication errors between APIDRA and other insulin therapy, instruct patients to always check insulin label before each injection
If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue therapy; treat per standard of care and monitor until symptoms and signs resolve; drug is contraindicated in patients who have had a hypersensitivity reaction to it or any of its excipients
Do not mix SC injection with insulin preparations other than NPH insulin
Hypoglycemia
- Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse reaction of all insulin therapies; severe hypoglycemia can cause seizures, may lead to unconsciousness, may be life-threatening, or cause death; hypoglycemia can impair concentration ability and reaction time; this may place an individual and others at risk in situations where these abilities are important (eg, driving or operating other machinery)
- Hypoglycemia can happen suddenly and symptoms may differ in each individual and change over time in the same individual; symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia may be less pronounced in patients with longstanding diabetes, patients with diabetic neuropathy, patients using medications that block the sympathetic nervous system (eg, beta-blockers), or in patients who experience recurrent hypoglycemia; insulin should not be used during episodes of hypoglycemia
- Patients and caregivers must be educated to recognize and manage hypoglycemia; self-monitoring of blood glucose plays an essential role in prevention and management of hypoglycemia; in patients at higher risk for hypoglycemia and patients who have reduced symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia, increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring is recommended
Hypoglycemia risk factors
- Risk of hypoglycemia after injection is related to duration of action of the insulin and, in general, is highest when glucose-lowering effect of insulin is maximal; the timing of hypoglycemia usually reflects time-action profile of the administered insulin formulation; as with all insulin preparations, the glucose-lowering effect time course of this insulin formulation may vary in different individuals or at different times in the same individual and depends on many conditions, including area of injection as well as injection site blood supply and temperature
- Other factors which may increase risk of hypoglycemia include changes in meal pattern (eg, macronutrient content or timing of meals), changes in level of physical activity, or changes to coadministered medication; patients with renal or hepatic impairment may be at higher risk of hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia with changes in insulin regimen
- Changes in insulin, insulin strength, manufacturer, type, or method of administration may affect glycemic control and predispose to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
- Changes should be made cautiously and only under close medical supervision and frequency of blood glucose monitoring should be increased
- Repeated insulin injections into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis reported to result in hyperglycemia; a sudden change in the injection site (to unaffected area) has been reported to result in hypoglycemia
- Make any changes to a patient’s insulin regimen under close medical supervision with increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring
- Advise patients who have repeatedly injected into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis to change injection site to unaffected areas and closely monitor for hypoglycemia
- For patients with type 2 diabetes, dosage adjustments in concomitant oral antidiabetic treatment may be needed
SC insulin infusion
- Do not dilute or mix with any other insulin
- Insulin in the reservoir must be changed at least every 48 hr
- Do not expose to temperatures >98.6 F (37 C)
- Malfunction of the insulin pump or infusion set, or handling errors or insulin degradation can rapidly lead to hyperglycemia, ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis; prompt identification and correction of cause of hyperglycemia or ketosis necessary; patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump therapy must be trained to administer insulin by injection and have alternate insulin therapy available in case of pump failure
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
Available pharmacovigilance data have not established an association with insulin glulisine use during pregnancy and major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes; there are risks to mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy
Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia occur more frequently during pregnancy in patients with pre-gestational diabetes; poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, and delivery complications; poorly controlled diabetes increases fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia related morbidity
Animal data
- Animal reproduction studies have been conducted with insulin glulisine in rats and rabbits using regular human insulin as a comparator; insulin glulisine was given to female rats throughout pregnancy at subcutaneous doses up to 10 units/kg/day (2 times the average human dose, based on body surface area comparison) and to rabbits during organogenesis at subcutaneous doses up to 1.5 units/kg/day (0.5 times the average human dose, based on body surface area comparison); effects did not differ from those observed with subcutaneous regular human insulin
Lactation
Available data from published literature suggest that human insulin products are transferred into human milk; there are no adverse reactions reported in breastfed infants in literature; there are no data on effects of exogenous human insulin products, on milk production; developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with mother’s clinical need for therapy and any potential adverse effects on breastfed infant or from underlying maternal condition
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Protein hormone
Insulins lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
Absorption
Bioavailability: 70% following SC
Onset: 20 min (SC abdominal or deltoid injection); 30 min (SC femoral injection)
Peak Plasma Time: 1 hr
Peak Plasma Concentration: 83 microUnits/mL
Duration of action: 5 hr
Distribution
Protein Bound: 5% (not bound to serum binding-protein, but present as a monomer in plasma)
Vd: 13 L
Metabolism
Liver >50%; kidney 30%; adipose tissue/muscle 20%
Elimination
Half-Life: 13 minutes (IV); 42 min (SC)
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apidra U-100 Insulin subcutaneous - | 100 unit/mL vial |  | |
| Apidra SoloStar U-100 Insulin subcutaneous - | 100 unit/mL insulin pen |  |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
insulin glulisine U-100 subcutaneous
INSULIN GLULISINE - INJECTION
(IN-su-lin GLOO-lis-een)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Apidra
USES: Insulin glulisine is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke.Insulin glulisine is a man-made product that is similar to human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. Insulin glulisine starts working faster and lasts for a shorter time than regular insulin. It works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. This medication is usually used with a medium- or long-acting insulin product.
HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you start using this medication and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor, diabetes educator, or pharmacist.Learn all preparation and usage instructions from your health care professional and the product package.Before using, check this product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the insulin. Insulin glulisine should be clear and colorless.Before injecting each dose, clean the injection site with rubbing alcohol. Change where you inject each time to lessen the risk of problems or damage under the skin (for example, pits/lumps or thickened skin). Insulin glulisine may be injected in the stomach area, the thigh, or the back of the upper arm. Do not inject into skin that is red, swollen, itchy, or damaged. Do not inject cold insulin because this can be painful. The insulin container you are currently using can be kept at room temperature (see also Storage section).Inject this medication under the skin as directed by your doctor, usually within 15 minutes before eating a meal or within 20 minutes after starting the meal. Do not inject into a vein or muscle because very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) may occur. Because this insulin is fast-acting, do not use the insulin if you are unable to eat within 15 minutes of injection or if you have low blood sugar. Not eating right after a dose of insulin may lead to low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Do not rub the area after the injection.Giving insulin glulisine into a vein should only be done by a health care professional. Very low blood sugar may result.If you are directed to inject this insulin with an infusion pump, read the instruction manual and directions that come with the infusion pump. If you have any questions, ask your health care professional. Avoid exposing the pump or its tubing to direct sunlight or other heat sources. Do not dilute insulin if you are using an insulin pump.This product may be mixed only with certain other insulin products such as NPH insulin. Always draw the insulin glulisine into the syringe first, then follow with the longer-acting insulin. Never inject a mixture of different insulins into a vein. Consult your health care professional about which products may be mixed, the proper method for mixing insulin, and the proper way to inject mixtures of insulin. Do not mix insulins if you are using an insulin pump.If you are directed to add a mixing liquid to insulin glulisine before use (dilute), ask your health care professional about the correct way to dilute insulin.Do not change brands or types of insulin without directions on how to do so from your doctor.Do not share your pen device with another person, even if the needle is changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them. Learn how to store and discard medical supplies safely.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Measure each dose very carefully because even small changes in the amount of insulin may have a large effect on your blood sugar.Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Keep track of your results and share them with your doctor. This is very important in order to determine the correct insulin dose.Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, use it at the same times each day.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens (your blood sugar is too high or too low).
SIDE EFFECTS: Injection site reactions (such as pain, redness, irritation) or weight gain may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: signs of low potassium level in the blood (such as muscle cramps, weakness, irregular heartbeat).This medication can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This may occur if you do not consume enough calories from food or if you do unusually heavy exercise. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, rapidly raise your blood sugar by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink fruit juice or non-diet soda. Tell your doctor right away about the reaction and the use of this product. To help prevent low blood sugar, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to find out what you should do if you miss a meal.Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) include thirst, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, flushing, rapid breathing, and fruity breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away. Your dosage may need to be increased.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before using insulin glulisine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other insulins; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Do not use this medication when you have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, liver disease, thyroid problems.You may experience blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness due to extremely low or high blood sugar. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.Limit alcohol while taking this medication because it can increase your risk of developing low blood sugar.It may be harder to control your blood sugar when your body is stressed (such as due to fever, infection, injury, or surgery). Consult your doctor because this may require a change in your treatment plan, medications, or blood sugar testing.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Check your blood sugar before and after exercise. You may need a snack beforehand.If traveling across time zones, ask your doctor about how to adjust your insulin schedule. Take extra insulin and supplies with you.Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially low blood sugar.Children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially low blood sugar.Tell your doctor right away if you are pregnant. Pregnancy may cause or worsen diabetes. Discuss a plan with your doctor for managing your blood sugar while pregnant. Your doctor may change your diabetes treatment during your pregnancy (such as diet and medications including insulin).This medication passes into breast milk, but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. Your insulin needs may change while breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Beta-blocker medications (such as metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast/pounding heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar, such as dizziness, hunger, or sweating, are unaffected by these drugs.Many drugs can affect your blood sugar levels, making it more difficult to control your blood sugar. Before you start, stop, or change any medication, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how the medication may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor about the results and of any symptoms of high or low blood sugar. (See also Side Effects section.) Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: signs of low blood sugar such as sweating, shakiness, loss of consciousness, fast heartbeat.
NOTES: Do not share this medication, needles, or syringes with others.Attend a diabetes education program to learn more about how to manage your diabetes with medications, diet, exercise, and regular medical exams.Learn the symptoms of high and low blood sugar and how to treat low blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor.Lab and/or medical tests (such as liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood counts) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments.Keep extra supplies of insulin, syringes, and needles on hand.
MISSED DOSE: It is very important to follow your insulin regimen exactly. Ask your doctor ahead of time what you should do if you miss a dose of insulin.
STORAGE: It is best to refrigerate all unopened insulin products. Unopened insulin glulisine may also be stored at room temperature, but it must be thrown away after 28 days. Opened insulin glulisine vials may be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature. Opened insulin glulisine cartridges and prefilled pens can only be stored at room temperature and should not be refrigerated. Do not store the delivery device in the refrigerator. Throw away all insulin glulisine in use after 28 days, even if there is insulin left. Also throw away all insulin products after the expiration date on the package. Do not freeze and do not use insulin that has been frozen.If using this drug in an insulin pump, do not store this drug in the pump for more than 48 hours. Doing so may lead to ineffective treatment and high blood sugar. Do not expose the insulin in your pump to direct sunlight or temperatures above 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C).Protect insulin from light and heat. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).
Information last revised February 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
Formulary
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To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.
Adding plans allows you to:
- View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
- Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
- Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
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