cytarabine (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Cytosar U

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

  • 20mg/mL
  • 100mg/mL

Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia

Remission induction

  • IV
    • 100-200 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion for 5-10 days; begin second course in 2-4 weeks after initial therapy if necessary OR  
    • 100 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion for 7 days OR
    • 100 mg/m2/dose IV continuous infusion q12hr for 7 days
  • IT
    • 5-75 mg/m2 intrathecally q2-7Days until CNS findings normalize

Remission maintenance

  • 70-200 mg/m2/day IV for 2-5 days at monthly intervals

IM administration for remission maintenance

  • 1-1.5 mg/kg single dose for maintenance at 1- 4 week intervals

Meningeal Leukemia

30 mg/m2 intrathecal (IT) q4Days until CSF findings normal plus one additional dose  

Refractory Leukemia

IV administration

  • 3 g/sq.meter IV (infusion over 1-3 hours) q12hr x 4-12 doses  
  • Repeat q2-3Weeks

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

  • 20mg/mL
  • 100mg/mL

Conventional

As in adults

Liposomal

Not recommended

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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and cytarabine

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            Contraindicated (0)

              Serious - Use Alternative (13)

              • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral

                cytarabine decreases effects of adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3mo after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.

              • axicabtagene ciloleucel

                cytarabine, axicabtagene ciloleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • brexucabtagene autoleucel

                cytarabine, brexucabtagene autoleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • cedazuridine

                cedazuridine will increase the level or effect of cytarabine by decreasing metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Cedazuridine, a CDA inhibitor, is used with decitabine to increase systemic exposure of decitabine. Use with other drugs metabolized by CDA may increase levels and toxicities of those drugs.

              • ciltacabtagene autoleucel

                cytarabine, ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • idecabtagene vicleucel

                cytarabine, idecabtagene vicleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted

                cytarabine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressive drugs may reduce the immune response to influenza vaccine.

              • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted

                cytarabine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressive drugs may reduce the immune response to influenza vaccine.

              • lisocabtagene maraleucel

                cytarabine, lisocabtagene maraleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • palifermin

                palifermin increases toxicity of cytarabine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Palifermin should not be administered within 24 hrbefore, during infusion of, or within 24 hr after administration of antineoplastic agents. Coadministration of palifermin within 24 hr of chemotherapy resulted in increased severity and duration of oral mucositis.

              • ropeginterferon alfa 2b

                ropeginterferon alfa 2b, cytarabine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Myelosuppressive agents can produce additive myelosuppression. Avoid use and monitor patients receiving the combination for effects of excessive myelosuppression.

              • tisagenlecleucel

                cytarabine, tisagenlecleucel. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • tofacitinib

                cytarabine, tofacitinib. Either increases toxicity of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              Monitor Closely (20)

              • acalabrutinib

                acalabrutinib, cytarabine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may increase risk of myelosuppressive effects.

              • belatacept

                belatacept and cytarabine both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • cholera vaccine

                cytarabine decreases effects of cholera vaccine by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Immunosuppressive therapies, including irradiation, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs and corticosteroids (used in greater than physiologic doses), may reduce the immune response to cholera vaccine.

              • dengue vaccine

                cytarabine decreases effects of dengue vaccine by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Immunosuppressive therapies (eg, irradiation, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs, corticosteroids [greater than physiologic doses]) may reduce immune response to dengue vaccine.

              • denosumab

                cytarabine, denosumab. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Caution should be taken in patients on concomitant immunosuppressants or with impaired immune systems because of increased risk for serious infections.

              • dichlorphenamide

                dichlorphenamide and cytarabine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • digoxin

                cytarabine decreases levels of digoxin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Cytarabine may decrease digoxin absorption even several days after stopping chemotherapy. Digoxin capsules and digitoxin do not appear to be affected. .

              • fingolimod

                cytarabine increases effects of fingolimod by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects. .

              • hydroxyurea

                cytarabine, hydroxyurea. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase risk of myelosuppression.

              • influenza A (H5N1) vaccine

                cytarabine decreases effects of influenza A (H5N1) vaccine by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Immunosuppressive therapies may reduce immune response to H5N1 vaccine.

              • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1), adjuvanted

                cytarabine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine (H5N1), adjuvanted by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Immunosuppressive therapies may reduce immune response to H5N1 vaccine.

              • meningococcal group B vaccine

                cytarabine decreases effects of meningococcal group B vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Individuals with altered immunocompetence may have reduced immune responses to the vaccine.

              • ofatumumab SC

                ofatumumab SC, cytarabine. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider the risk of additive immune system effects when coadministering immunosuppressive therapies with coadministration. When switching from therapies with immune effects, take into account the duration and mechanism of action of these therapies when initiating ofatumumab SC.

              • olaparib

                cytarabine and olaparib both increase pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration with other other myelosuppressive anticancer agents, including DNA damaging agents, may potentiate and prolongate the myelosuppressive toxicity.

              • siponimod

                siponimod and cytarabine both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution if coadministered because of additive immunosuppressive effects during such therapy and in the weeks following administration. When switching from drugs with prolonged immune effects, consider the half-life and mode of action of these drugs to avoid unintended additive immunosuppressive effects.

              • sipuleucel-T

                cytarabine decreases effects of sipuleucel-T by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              • tobramycin inhaled

                tobramycin inhaled and cytarabine both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concurrent or sequential use to decrease risk for ototoxicity

              • trastuzumab

                trastuzumab, cytarabine. Either increases toxicity of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Neutropenia or febrile neutropenia incidence were increased when trastuzumab was coadministered with myelosuppressive chemotherapy. .

              • trastuzumab deruxtecan

                trastuzumab deruxtecan, cytarabine. Either increases toxicity of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Neutropenia or febrile neutropenia incidence were increased when trastuzumab was coadministered with myelosuppressive chemotherapy. .

              • ublituximab

                ublituximab and cytarabine both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Owing to potential additive immunosuppressive effects, consider duration of effect and mechanism of action of these therapies if coadministered

              Minor (5)

              • gentamicin

                cytarabine decreases effects of gentamicin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • maitake

                maitake increases effects of cytarabine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Maitake mushroom has anti-tumor effects (animal/in vitro research).

              • taurine

                cytarabine decreases levels of taurine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • vitamin A

                vitamin A, cytarabine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Antioxidants such as vitamin A enhance the efficacy, and reduce toxicity, of antineoplastic drugs.

              • vitamin E

                vitamin E, cytarabine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Antioxidants such as vitamin E enhance the efficacy, and reduce toxicity, of antineoplastic drugs.

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              Adverse Effects

              1-10%

              Anorexia

              Nausea

              Vomiting

              Diarrhea

              Oral/anal inflammation

              Thrombophlebitis

              Bleeding

              Myelosuppression

              Rash

              Fever

              Hepatic dysfunction

              Frequency Not Defined

              Headache

              Neuropathy

              Chest pain

              Pericarditis

              Pneumonia

              Anemia

              Bleeding

              Leukopenia

              Thrombocytopenia

              Kidney disease

              Infectious disease

              Sepsis

              "Cytarabine syndrome": fever, myalgia, bone pain, rash, conjunctivitis, malaise

              Skin ulcers

              Cellulitis

              Urinary retention

              Neuritis

              Jaundice

              Anaphylaxis

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              Warnings

              Black Box Warnings

              Conventional formulation

              • Only physicians experienced in cancer chemotherapy should administer
              • For induction therapy, administer in facility with lab and supportive resources sufficient to monitor drug tolerance and protect and maintain patient if compromised by drug toxicity
              • Main toxic effect is bone marrow suppression with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
              • Less serious toxicity includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, oral ulceration, and hepatic dysfunction

              Arachnoiditis with liposomal IT administration

              • In all clinical studies, chemical arachnoiditis, a syndrome manifested primarily by nausea, vomiting, headache and fever, was a common adverse event
              • If left untreated, chemical arachnoiditis may be fatal
              • The incidence and severity of chemical arachnoiditis can be reduced by coadministration of dexamethasone

              Contraindications

              Hypersensitivity

              Liposomal cytarabine: active meningeal infection

              Cautions

              Potent bone marrow suppression

              Severe and at times fatal CNS, GI, and pulmonary toxicity

              Cardiomyopathy with subsequent death reported following experimental high dose therapy with cytarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide when used for bone marrow transplant preparation

              Do not use benzyl alcohol-containing solutions IT or in neonates

              Avoid pregnancy

              Liposomal IT administration

              • CSF flow assessment should be considered before treatment is started Blockage to CSF flow may increase risk of neurotoxicity due to increased serum concentrations
              • To reduce incidence of arachnoiditis, administer dexamethasone concurrently
              • Hydrocephalus has also been reported, possibly precipitated by arachnoiditis
              • Infectious meningitis may be associated with IT drug administration
              • Following IT administration, CNS toxicity, including persistent extreme somnolence, hemiplegia, visual disturbances including blindness which may be total and permanent, deafness, cranial nerve palsies, and visual disturbances including blindness which may be total and permanent, have been reported
              • Symptoms and signs of peripheral neuropathy (eg, pain, numbness, paresthesia, weakness, impaired bowel and bladder control) observed; in some cases, these signs and symptoms have been reported as Cauda Equina Syndrome
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              Pregnancy & Lactation

              Pregnancy Category: D

              Lactation: not known if excreted in breast milk, avoid

              Pregnancy Categories

              A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

              B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

              C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

              D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

              X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

              NA: Information not available.

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              Pharmacology

              Mechanism of Action

              Metabolite cytarabine-5'-triphosphate inhibits DNA polymerase during S phase

              Absorption

              Systemic Exposure after IT: negligible

              Peak plasma time: 20-60 min

              Peak CSF time (IT): 60 min

              Peak CSF concentration (IT): 30-50 mcg/mL

              Distribution

              Protein bound: 13%

              Metabolism

              Metabolism: liver (major), kidneys (minor); neglible following IT administration

              Metabolites: cytarabine-5'-triphosphate (ara-CTP)

              Elimination

              Half-life: 1-3 hr

              Half-life (CSF after IT): 5.9-82.4 hr

              CSF clearance rate: 0.24 mL/min

              Excretion: urine

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              Administration

              IV Incompatibilities

              Additive: fluorouracil, gentamicin, heparin, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, insulin, methylprednisolone, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin G sodium

              Y-site: allopurinol, amphotericin B cholesteryl SO4, ganciclovir

              IV Compatibilities

              Solution: compatible with most common IV fluids

              Additive: corticotropin, daunorubicin/etoposide, hydroxyzine, lincomycin, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, ondansetron, KCl, NaHCO3, vincristine

              Syringe: metoclopramide

              Y-site: amifostine, amsacrine, aztreonam, cefepime, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, cladribine, dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, doxorubicin liposomal, droperidol, etoposide PO4, famotidine, filgrastim, fludarabine, furosemide, gatifloxacin, gemcitabine, gentamicin, granisetron, heparin, hydrocortisone, hydromorphone, idarubicin, linezolid, lorazepam, melphalan, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, metoclopramide, morphine SO4, ondansetron, paclitaxel, piperacillin/tazobactam, prochlorperazine, promethazine, propofol, ranitidine, sargramostim, Na Bicarb, teniposide, thiotepa, vinorelbine

              IV Administration

              Rapid IV, infusion over 1-3 hr

              Has been administered by IM & continuous SC infusion

              Storage

              Store intact vials at controlled room temp

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              Images

              BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
              cytarabine injection
              -
              20 mg/mL vial

              Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

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              Patient Handout

              Patient Education
              cytarabine injection

              CYTARABINE - INJECTION

              (sye-TAIR-uh-bean)

              COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Cytosar-U, Tarabine PFS

              WARNING: This medication may cause serious (rarely fatal) blood disorders (bone marrow suppression leading to anemia, low number of white blood cells and platelets). Liver problems may also occur. Your doctor will monitor you closely for these side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you develop any signs of infection (such as sore throat that doesn't go away, fever, chills), unusual fatigue, easy bruising or bleeding, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach/abdominal pain, dark urine, yellowing eyes/skin, or mouth sores.

              USES: Cytarabine is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping cancer cell growth.

              HOW TO USE: This medication is usually given by injection into a vein by a health care professional. It may also be given by other methods of injection depending upon your medical condition. The dosage is based on your medical condition, body size, and response to therapy.Unless your doctor instructs you otherwise, drink plenty of fluids while using this medication. This helps your kidneys remove the drug from your body and may help you avoid some of the side effects.

              SIDE EFFECTS: See also the Warning section.Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and pain/swelling/redness at the injection site may occur. Nausea and vomiting can be severe. In some cases, drug therapy may be needed to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting. Not eating before your treatment may help relieve vomiting. Changes in diet such as eating several small meals or limiting activity may help lessen some of these effects. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Temporary hair loss may occur. Normal hair growth should return after treatment has ended.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: fever with body aches, muscle/bone pain, chest pain, eye redness/itching/pain, painful/difficult swallowing, anal sores, signs of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine), painful/difficult urination, joint/side/back pain, pain/redness/swelling of the arms/legs/feet, numbness or tingling of hands/feet, freckling, big toe pain, trouble breathing, black/bloody stools, blood in the urine, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, vision problems (including blindness), mental/mood changes (such as confusion), unexplained drowsiness, unconsciousness, enlarged abdomen, trouble walking, muscle weakness, loss of coordination, inability to move (paralysis), seizures.This medication can lower the body's ability to fight an infection. Notify your doctor promptly if you develop any signs of an infection such as sore throat that doesn't go away, fever, chills, or unusual cough.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but get medical help right away if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

              PRECAUTIONS: Before using cytarabine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: decreased bone marrow function/blood cell disorders (such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), liver disease, kidney disease, gout.Cytarabine can make you more likely to get infections or may make current infections worse. Stay away from anyone who has an infection that may easily spread (such as chickenpox, COVID-19, measles, flu). Talk to your doctor if you have been exposed to an infection or for more details.Tell your health care professional that you are using cytarabine before having any immunizations/vaccinations. Avoid contact with people who have recently received live vaccines (such as flu vaccine inhaled through the nose).To lower the chance of getting cut, bruised, or injured, use caution with sharp objects like razors and nail cutters, and avoid activities such as contact sports.This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Limit alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not become pregnant while using cytarabine. Cytarabine may harm an unborn baby, especially in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Ask about reliable forms of birth control (such as condoms, birth control pills) while using this medication. If you become pregnant, talk to your doctor right away about the risks and benefits of this medication.It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk. Because of the potential risk to the infant, breast-feeding while using this drug is not recommended. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

              DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: digoxin, flucytosine, gentamicin.

              OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include confusion, mental/mood changes.

              NOTES: Lab and/or medical tests (such as complete blood counts, liver/kidney function, uric acid levels) should be done while you are using this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

              MISSED DOSE: It is important to get each dose of this medication as scheduled. If you miss a dose, ask your doctor or pharmacist right away for a new dosing schedule.

              STORAGE: Consult the product instructions and your pharmacist for storage details. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

              MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).

              Information last revised March 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

              IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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              Formulary

              FormularyPatient Discounts

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              The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

              Tier Description
              1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
              2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
              3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
              4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
              5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
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              NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
              Code Definition
              PA Prior Authorization
              Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
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              Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
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              Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
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              Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.