dactinomycin (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Cosmegen

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injection, powder for reconstitution

  • 500mcg/vial

Wilms Tumor

Indicated for Wilms tumor as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

45 mcg/kg IV every 3-6 weeks for up to 26 weeks  

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Indicated for rhabdomyosarcoma as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

15 mg/kg IV on Days 1-5 every 3-9 weeks for up to 112 weeks  

Ewing Sarcoma

Indicated for Ewing sarcoma as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

1250 mcg/m² IV q3Week for 51 weeks  

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms

Indicated for postmenarchal patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, as a single agent or as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen

Nonmetastatic and low-risk metastatic disease: 12 mcg/kg IV qDay for 5 days as a single agent  

High-risk metastatic disease: 500 mcg IV on Days 1 and 2 q2Weeks for up to 8 weeks  

Testicular Cancer

Indicated for metastatic, nonseminomatous testicular cancer, as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

1000 mcg/m² IV once q3Weeks for 12 weeks as part of a cisplatin-based, multi-agent combination regimen  

Locoregional Solid Malignancies

Indicated for locally recurrent or locoregional solid malignancies, as a component of palliative or adjunctive regional perfusion

Calculate dose for obese or edematous patients based on ideal body weight

Pelvis/lower extremity: 50 mcg/kg IV once in combination with melphalan  

Upper extremity: 35 mcg/kg IV once in combination with melphalan  

Malignant Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary (Off-label)

Palliative therapy only

300 mcg/m²/day IV for 5 days q4Weeks (in combination with vincristine and cyclophosphamide) (Slayton 1985)

Dosage Modifications

Reduce dose by 50% during concomitant radiation; use caution when administering within 2 months of radiation

Dosing Considerations

Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating (see Pregnancy)

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injection, powder for reconstitution

  • 500mcg/vial

Wilms Tumor

Indicated for Wilms tumor as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

45 mcg/kg IV every 3-6 weeks for up to 26 weeks  

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Indicated for rhabdomyosarcoma as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

15 mg/kg IV on Days 1-5 every 3-9 weeks for up to 112 weeks  

Ewing Sarcoma

Indicated for Ewing sarcoma as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

1250 mcg/m² IV q3Week for 51 weeks  

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms

Indicated for postmenarchal patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, as a single agent or as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen

Nonmetastatic and low-risk metastatic disease: 12 mcg/kg IV qDay for 5 days as a single agent  

High-risk metastatic disease: 500 mcg IV on Days 1 and 2 q2Weeks for up to 8 weeks  

Testicular Cancer

Indicated for metastatic, nonseminomatous testicular cancer, as part of a multiphase, combination chemotherapy regimen

1000 mcg/m² IV once q3Weeks for 12 weeks as part of a cisplatin-based, multi-agent combination regimen  

Malignant Germ Cell Tumors (Off Label)

Palliative therapy only

≥14 years: 300 mcg/m²/day IV for 5 days q4Weeks (in combination with vincristine and cyclophosphamide) (Slayton 1985)

Dosage Modifications

Reduce dose by 50% during concomitant radiation; use caution when administering within 2 months of radiation

Dosing Considerations

Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating (see Pregnancy)

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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and dactinomycin

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      Serious - Use Alternative

        Significant - Monitor Closely

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            Contraindicated (0)

              Serious - Use Alternative (5)

              • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral

                dactinomycin decreases effects of adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3mo after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.

              • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted

                dactinomycin decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressive drugs may reduce the immune response to influenza vaccine.

              • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted

                dactinomycin decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressive drugs may reduce the immune response to influenza vaccine.

              • palifermin

                palifermin increases toxicity of dactinomycin by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Palifermin should not be administered within 24 hrbefore, during infusion of, or within 24 hr after administration of antineoplastic agents. Coadministration of palifermin within 24 hr of chemotherapy resulted in increased severity and duration of oral mucositis.

              • ropeginterferon alfa 2b

                ropeginterferon alfa 2b, dactinomycin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Myelosuppressive agents can produce additive myelosuppression. Avoid use and monitor patients receiving the combination for effects of excessive myelosuppression.

              Monitor Closely (19)

              • acalabrutinib

                acalabrutinib, dactinomycin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may increase risk of myelosuppressive effects.

              • belatacept

                belatacept and dactinomycin both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • cholera vaccine

                dactinomycin decreases effects of cholera vaccine by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Immunosuppressive therapies, including irradiation, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs and corticosteroids (used in greater than physiologic doses), may reduce the immune response to cholera vaccine.

              • dengue vaccine

                dactinomycin decreases effects of dengue vaccine by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Immunosuppressive therapies (eg, irradiation, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs, corticosteroids [greater than physiologic doses]) may reduce immune response to dengue vaccine.

              • denosumab

                dactinomycin, denosumab. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Caution should be taken in patients on concomitant immunosuppressants or with impaired immune systems because of increased risk for serious infections.

              • erythromycin base

                erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of dactinomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • erythromycin ethylsuccinate

                erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of dactinomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • erythromycin lactobionate

                erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of dactinomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • erythromycin stearate

                erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of dactinomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • fingolimod

                dactinomycin increases effects of fingolimod by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant therapy is expected to increase the risk of immunosuppression. Use caution when switching patients from long-acting therapies with immune effects. .

              • hydroxyurea

                dactinomycin, hydroxyurea. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase risk of myelosuppression.

              • levoketoconazole

                levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of dactinomycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • meningococcal group B vaccine

                dactinomycin decreases effects of meningococcal group B vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Individuals with altered immunocompetence may have reduced immune responses to the vaccine.

              • ofatumumab SC

                ofatumumab SC, dactinomycin. Either increases effects of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider the risk of additive immune system effects when coadministering immunosuppressive therapies with coadministration. When switching from therapies with immune effects, take into account the duration and mechanism of action of these therapies when initiating ofatumumab SC.

              • olaparib

                dactinomycin and olaparib both increase pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration with other other myelosuppressive anticancer agents, including DNA damaging agents, may potentiate and prolongate the myelosuppressive toxicity.

              • siponimod

                siponimod and dactinomycin both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution if coadministered because of additive immunosuppressive effects during such therapy and in the weeks following administration. When switching from drugs with prolonged immune effects, consider the half-life and mode of action of these drugs to avoid unintended additive immunosuppressive effects.

              • sipuleucel-T

                dactinomycin decreases effects of sipuleucel-T by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              • trastuzumab

                trastuzumab, dactinomycin. Either increases toxicity of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Neutropenia or febrile neutropenia incidence were increased when trastuzumab was coadministered with myelosuppressive chemotherapy. .

              • trastuzumab deruxtecan

                trastuzumab deruxtecan, dactinomycin. Either increases toxicity of the other by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Neutropenia or febrile neutropenia incidence were increased when trastuzumab was coadministered with myelosuppressive chemotherapy. .

              Minor (2)

              • doxorubicin

                doxorubicin, dactinomycin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Pediatric patients receiving concomitant doxorubicin and dactinomycin have manifested acute "recall" pneumonitis at variable times after local radiation therapy.

              • doxorubicin liposomal

                doxorubicin liposomal, dactinomycin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Pediatric patients receiving concomitant doxorubicin and dactinomycin have manifested acute "recall" pneumonitis at variable times after local radiation therapy.

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              Adverse Effects

              Frequency Not Defined

              Also see Cautions

              Common adverse effects include infection, alopecia, rash, dysphagia, fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, and hepatotoxicity

              Secondary malignancy and leukemia

              Veno-occlusive disease

              Extravasation

              Myelosuppression

              Severe mucocutaneous reactions

              Renal toxicity

              Hepatotoxicity

              Potentiation of radiation toxicity and radiation recall

              Postmarketing Reports

              Infections: Infections including sepsis with fatal outcome

              Hematologic: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, reticulocytopenia, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation

              Immune system: Hypersensitivity

              Metabolism and nutrition: Anorexia, hypocalcemia, tumor lysis syndrome

              Nervous system: Peripheral neuropathy

              Ocular: Optic neuropathy

              Vascular: Thrombophlebitis, hemorrhage

              Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal: Pneumonitis, pneumothorax

              Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal ulceration, cheilitis, dysphagia, esophagitis, ulcerative stomatitis, ascites, proctitis, mucositis

              Hepatobiliary: Liver function test abnormalities, hepatomegaly, hepatitis, hepatic failure with reports of death, hepatic veno-occlusive disease

              Dermatologic: Alopecia, rash, dermatitis, acne, erythema multiforme, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, radiation recall, toxic epidermal necrolysis

              Musculoskeletal and connective tissue: Myalgia, growth retardation

              Renal and urinary: Renal impairment, renal failure

              General: Fatigue, fever, malaise

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              Warnings

              Contraindications

              None

              Cautions

              Increased risk of secondary malignancy or leukemia following treatment

              Severe and fatal veno-occlusive disease reported; risk increased with young age (ie, <4 yr) or concomitant radiotherapy; monitor for increased AST, ALT, total bilirubin, hepatomegaly, weight gain, or ascites; consider delaying next dose; resume, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue based on severity of reaction and disease being treated

              If extravasation occurs, immediately interrupt the injection or infusion and apply ice (see Administration)

              Severe and fatal myelosuppression reported; monitor blood cell counts before each cycle; delay next dose if severe myelosuppression has not improved; consider dose reduction for patients with prolonged myelosuppression based on severity of reaction and disease being treated

              Severe mucocutaneous reactions (eg, Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) can occur; permanently discontinue

              Renal toxicity reported; monitor creatinine and electrolytes frequently

              Hepatotoxicity reported; monitor transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin before and during treatment

              Reduce dose by 50% during concomitant radiation; use caution when administering within 2 months of radiation

              Can cause fetal harm; inform patients of potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception (see Pregnancy)

              Drug interaction overview

              • Vaccination with live viral vaccines is not recommended before or during treatment; not studied
              • Published in vitro studies report that dactinomycin may be a P-glycoprotein and OATP1B3 substrate
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              Pregnancy & Lactation

              Pregnancy

              Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women

              In animal reproduction studies, administration to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic, resulting in malformations at doses lower than the recommended human dose

              Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating

              Contraception

              • Females of reproductive: Use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the final dose
              • Males with female partners of reproductive potential: Use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months after the final dose

              Lactation

              There are no data on the presence of dactinomycin or its metabolites in human milk or their effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production

              Pregnancy Categories

              A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

              B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

              C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

              D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

              X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

              NA: Information not available.

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              Pharmacology

              Mechanism of Action

              Actinomycin antibiotic; intercalates into DNA base pairs preventing RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis

              Distribution

              Protein bound: Low

              Concentrates in nucleated cells and does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier

              Metabolism

              Minimally metabolized

              Elimination

              Excretion: 30% in urine and feces over 1 week

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              Administration

              IV Incompatibilities

              Y-site: diazepam, filgrastim, pantoprazole, phenytoin

              IV Compatibilities

              Solution: D5W, NS

              Y-site: acyclovir, alfentanil, allopurinol, amifostine, amikacin, aminophylline, amphotericin B, ampicillin, aztreonam, bleomycin, buprenorphine, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, cefepime, cimetidine, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, daptomycin, daunorubicin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, ephedrine, etoposide PO4, fludarabine, furosemide, ganciclovir, gemcitabine, granisetron, ifosfamide, magnesium sulfate, melphalan, mesna, midazolam, ondansetron, sargramostim, teniposide, thiotepa, topotecan, vancomycin, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, voriconazole

              IV Preparation

              Follow cytotoxic handling and disposal guidelines

              Reconstitute with 1.1 mL of preservative-free sterile water for injection to yield a final concentration of 500 mcg/mL

              Resulting solution should appear clear, gold-colored

              Further dilute reconstituted product with D5W or 0.9% NaCl to yield concentration >10 mcg/mL

              Contains no preservative, discard any unused portions

              IV Administration

              Vesicant

              Administer diluted reconstituted product IV over 10-15 minutes

              Do not use in-line cellulose ester membrane filter

              Do not give IM or SC

              Extravasation Management

              Discontinue for burning or stinging sensation or other evidence indicating perivenous infiltration or extravasation

              Confirmed or suspected extravasation

              • Terminate injection or infusion immediately and restart in another vein
              • Apply ice to the site intermittently for 15 minutes, 4 times a day for 3 days
              • Observe closely and consult plastic surgery if necessary based on severity of reaction

              Storage

              Unopened vials

              • Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); excursions permitted between 15-30°C (59-86°F)
              • Protect from light and humidity

              Reconstituted vials

              • Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); for no more than 4 hr from reconstitution to completion of administration
              • Cytotoxic drug; follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures
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              Images

              BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
              dactinomycin intravenous
              -
              0.5 mg vial
              dactinomycin intravenous
              -
              0.5 mg vial

              Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

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              Patient Handout

              Patient Education
              dactinomycin intravenous

              DACTINOMYCIN - INJECTION

              (dack-tin-oh-MY-sin)

              COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Cosmegen

              USES: Dactinomycin is used to treat cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.

              HOW TO USE: This medication is given by injection into a vein over 10 to 15 minutes by a health care professional as directed by your doctor, usually once daily for 1 to 5 days. If this medication accidentally leaks into surrounding tissue when being given, the skin and/or muscle may be severely damaged. Tell your doctor or nurse right away if you have pain, burning, redness, blistering, or irritation at the injection site.Dosage is based on your medical condition, weight, body size, and response to treatment. Your doctor will order lab tests to make sure you can receive your next dose. Keep all medical/lab appointments.Since this drug can be absorbed through the skin and lungs, women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant should not handle this medication or breathe the dust from the powder.

              SIDE EFFECTS: See also How to Use section.Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may occur. Nausea and vomiting can be severe. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medication to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting. Eating several small meals, not eating before treatment, or limiting activity may help lessen some of these effects. If these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Temporary hair loss is another common side effect. Normal hair growth should return after treatment has ended.Many people using this medication may have serious side effects. However, you have been prescribed this drug because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Careful monitoring by your doctor may decrease your risk. Serious side effects may not happen until days to weeks after your treatment.Pain/sores in the mouth and throat may occur. Brush your teeth gently/carefully, avoid using mouthwash that contains alcohol, and rinse your mouth frequently with cool water mixed with baking soda or salt. It may also be best to eat soft, moist foods. Tell your doctor right away if these effects last or get worse or if you have trouble swallowing.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: unusual weight gain, signs of liver problems (nausea/vomiting that doesn't stop, loss of appetite, stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine), signs of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine, painful/difficult urination, red/pinkish urine).This medication decreases bone marrow function, an effect that may lead to a low number of blood cells such as red cells, white cells, and platelets. This effect can cause anemia, decrease your body's ability to fight an infection, or cause easy bruising/bleeding. Tell your doctor right away if you develop any of the following unlikely symptoms: unusual tiredness, pale skin, signs of infection (such as sore throat that doesn't go away, fever, chills), easy bruising/bleeding.Dactinomycin may increase the risk of other cancers (such as leukemia). Consult your doctor for more details.When dactinomycin is given after radiation treatment, it can sometimes cause a serious skin reaction that looks likes a severe sunburn (radiation recall). The reaction usually develops within days to months after treatment on the skin area previously treated with radiation. Throat problems can also be part of radiation recall with dactinomycin. Tell your doctor right away if you develop skin redness/tenderness/swelling/peeling/blisters or painful/difficult swallowing. If you develop a skin reaction, avoid prolonged sun exposure, tanning booths, and sunlamps. Use a sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

              PRECAUTIONS: Before using dactinomycin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: current/recent infection (such as herpes, chickenpox), liver problems, kidney problems, blood disorders (such as anemia, clotting problems), previous chemotherapy/radiation treatment.Do not have immunizations/vaccinations without the consent of your doctor, and avoid contact with people who have recently received oral polio vaccine or flu vaccine inhaled through the nose.Dactinomycin can make you more likely to get infections or may make current infections worse. Stay away from anyone who has an infection that may easily spread (such as chickenpox, COVID-19, measles, flu). Talk to your doctor if you have been exposed to an infection or for more details.To lower your chance of getting cut, bruised, or injured, use caution with sharp objects like razors and nail cutters, and avoid activities such as contact sports.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not become pregnant while using dactinomycin. Dactinomycin may harm an unborn baby. Females using this medication should ask about reliable forms of birth control while using this medication and for 6 months after stopping treatment. Males using this medication should ask about reliable forms of birth control while using this medication and for 3 months after stopping treatment. If you or your partner become pregnant, talk to your doctor right away about the risks and benefits of this medication.It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Because of the possible risk to the infant, breast-feeding is not recommended while using this drug and for 14 days after stopping treatment. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

              DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.This medication may interfere with certain lab tests (such as antibiotic drug levels), possibly causing false test results. Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

              OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

              NOTES: Lab and/or medical tests (such as complete blood count, liver/kidney function) should be done while you are using this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

              MISSED DOSE: It is important to get each dose of this medication as scheduled. If you miss a dose, ask your doctor or pharmacist right away for a new dosing schedule.

              STORAGE: Not applicable. This medication is given in a clinic and will not be stored at home.

              MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).

              Information last revised March 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

              IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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              Formulary

              FormularyPatient Discounts

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              Tier Description
              1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
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              NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
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              Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.