Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
tablet
- 0.3mg
- 0.625mg
- 1.25mg
- 2.5mg
Menopause, Atrophic Vaginitis, Kraurosis Vulvae
0.3-1.25 mg PO qDay (3 weeks on, 1 week off)
Female Hypogonadism
2.5-7.5 mg PO qDay in divided doses (20 days on, 10 days off)
Female Castration/Primary Ovarian Failure
1.25 mg PO qDay in cyclic regimen
Breast Cancer
10 mg PO q8hr for 3 months (minimum)
Prostate Cancer
1.25-2.5 mg PO q8hr
Other Indications & Uses
Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause
Palliative treatment of metastatic inoperable breast cancer in men & postmenopausal women
Palliative treatment of prostate cancer
Safety & efficacy not established
Menopause, atrophic vaginitis, kraurosis vulvae
0.3-1.25 mg PO qDay (3 weeks on, 1 week off)
Breast cancer
10 mg PO q8hr for 3 months (minimum)
Prostate cancer
1.25-2.5 mg PO q8hr
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (1)
- ospemifene
ospemifene, estrogens esterified. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.
Serious - Use Alternative (16)
- abametapir
abametapir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. For 2 weeks after abametapir application, avoid taking drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates. If not feasible, avoid use of abametapir.
abametapir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. For 2 weeks after abametapir application, avoid taking drugs that are CYP1A2 substrates. If not feasible, avoid use of abametapir. - anastrozole
estrogens esterified decreases effects of anastrozole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Estrogen may diminish the pharmacologic action of anastrozole. Coadministration not recommended.
- antithrombin alfa
estrogens esterified decreases effects of antithrombin alfa by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Risk of thromboembolic disorders.
- apalutamide
apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of apalutamide, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates can result in lower exposure to these medications. Avoid or substitute another drug for these medications when possible. Evaluate for loss of therapeutic effect if medication must be coadministered. Adjust dose according to prescribing information if needed.
- enzalutamide
enzalutamide will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- erythromycin base
erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- erythromycin ethylsuccinate
erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- erythromycin lactobionate
erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- erythromycin stearate
erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- fexinidazole
fexinidazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Fexinidazole inhibits CYP3A4. Coadministration may increase risk for adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
- givosiran
givosiran will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of sensitive CYP1A2 substrates with givosiran. If unavoidable, decrease the CYP1A2 substrate dosage in accordance with approved product labeling.
- idelalisib
idelalisib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Idelalisib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor; avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP3A substrates
- ivosidenib
ivosidenib will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with ivosidenib or replace with alternate therapies. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor patients for loss of therapeutic effect of these drugs.
- lorlatinib
lorlatinib will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- tucatinib
tucatinib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid concomitant use of tucatinib with CYP3A substrates, where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. If unavoidable, reduce CYP3A substrate dose according to product labeling.
- voxelotor
voxelotor will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Voxelotor increases systemic exposure of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates. Avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index. Consider dose reduction of the sensitive CYP3A4 substrate(s) if unable to avoid.
Monitor Closely (96)
- albiglutide
estrogens esterified decreases effects of albiglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
- amobarbital
amobarbital will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- aprepitant
aprepitant will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens are CYP3A4 substrates, and the efficacy of estrogens when used for hormone replacement may be reduced.
- artemether/lumefantrine
artemether/lumefantrine will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- atazanavir
atazanavir, estrogens esterified. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Atazanavir may increase or decrease levels of estrogens esterified. Use alternatives if available.
- belzutifan
belzutifan will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If unable to avoid coadministration of belzutifan with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates, consider increasing the sensitive CYP3A4 substrate dose in accordance with its prescribing information.
- bosentan
bosentan will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- butabarbital
butabarbital will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- carbamazepine
carbamazepine will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cenobamate
cenobamate will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increase dose of CYP3A4 substrate, as needed, when coadministered with cenobamate.
- ceritinib
ceritinib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- chloramphenicol
chloramphenicol increases levels of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase side effects.
- cimetidine
cimetidine will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clarithromycin
clarithromycin will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- conivaptan
conivaptan will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cyclosporine
cyclosporine will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dabrafenib
dabrafenib will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- darifenacin
darifenacin will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- darunavir
darunavir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dasatinib
dasatinib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- deferasirox
deferasirox will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dexamethasone
dexamethasone will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- diltiazem
diltiazem will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dronedarone
dronedarone will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- efavirenz
efavirenz will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- elagolix
elagolix will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Elagolix is a weak-to-moderate CYP3A4 inducer. Monitor CYP3A substrates if coadministered. Consider increasing CYP3A substrate dose if needed.
- encorafenib
encorafenib, estrogens esterified. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Encorafenib both inhibits and induces CYP3A4 at clinically relevant plasma concentrations. Coadministration of encorafenib with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates may result in increased toxicity or decreased efficacy of these agents.
- erythromycin base
erythromycin base will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by altering intestinal flora. Applies only to oral forms of hormone. Low risk of contraceptive failure. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. - erythromycin ethylsuccinate
erythromycin ethylsuccinate will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by altering intestinal flora. Applies only to oral forms of hormone. Low risk of contraceptive failure. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. - erythromycin lactobionate
erythromycin lactobionate will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by altering intestinal flora. Applies only to oral forms of hormone. Low risk of contraceptive failure. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. - erythromycin stearate
erythromycin stearate will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by altering intestinal flora. Applies only to oral forms of hormone. Low risk of contraceptive failure. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. - eslicarbazepine acetate
eslicarbazepine acetate will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- etravirine
etravirine will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- exemestane
estrogens esterified decreases levels of exemestane by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens should not be given concomitantly with exemestane; these drugs could interfere with the pharmacologic action and efficacy of exemestane.
estrogens esterified decreases effects of exemestane by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens or estrogen-containing products, including combined oral contraceptives, should not be given concomitantly with exemestane; these drugs could interfere with the pharmacologic action and efficacy of exemestane. - exenatide injectable solution
estrogens esterified decreases effects of exenatide injectable solution by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
- exenatide injectable suspension
estrogens esterified decreases effects of exenatide injectable suspension by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
- fedratinib
fedratinib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Adjust dose of drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates as necessary.
- fexinidazole
fexinidazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fluconazole
fluconazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens are CYP3A4 substrates, and the efficacy of estrogens when used for hormone replacement may be reduced.
- fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- grapefruit
grapefruit will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- griseofulvin
griseofulvin will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- hemin
estrogens esterified decreases effects of hemin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Drugs that increase delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase may decrease hemin effect.
- hyaluronidase
estrogens esterified decreases effects of hyaluronidase by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Estrogens, when given in large systemic doses, may render tissues partially resistant to the action of hyaluronidase. Patients may require larger amounts of hyaluronidase for equivalent dispersing effect.
- hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- iloperidone
iloperidone increases levels of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Iloperidone is a time-dependent CYP3A inhibitor and may lead to increased plasma levels of drugs predominantly eliminated by CYP3A4.
- indinavir
indinavir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- istradefylline
istradefylline will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Istradefylline 40 mg/day increased peak levels and AUC of CYP3A4 substrates in clinical trials. This effect was not observed with istradefylline 20 mg/day. Consider dose reduction of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates.
- itraconazole
itraconazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketoconazole
ketoconazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lamotrigine
estrogens esterified decreases levels of lamotrigine by increasing hepatic clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may cause lamotrigine levels to decrease by almost 50%. Dose adjustment is required.
- lapatinib
lapatinib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lenacapavir
lenacapavir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lencapavir (a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor) may increase CYP3A4 substrates initiated within 9 months after last SC dose of lenacapavir, which may increase potential risk of adverse reactions of CYP3A4 substrates.
- levoketoconazole
levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. - liraglutide
estrogens esterified decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
- lonapegsomatropin
estrogens esterified will decrease the level or effect of lonapegsomatropin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Oral estrogens may reduce serum insulin-like growth factor-1 response to lonapegsomatropin. Patients receiving oral estrogen replacement may require higher lonapegsomatropin dosages.
- lopinavir
lopinavir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- maraviroc
estrogens esterified increases levels of maraviroc by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased toxicity. .
- meropenem/vaborbactam
meropenem/vaborbactam will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by altering intestinal flora. Applies only to oral forms of hormone. Low risk of contraceptive failure. Use Caution/Monitor.
- miconazole vaginal
miconazole vaginal will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mifepristone
mifepristone will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mitotane
mitotane decreases levels of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Mitotane is a strong inducer of cytochrome P-4503A4; monitor when coadministered with CYP3A4 substrates for possible dosage adjustments.
- nafcillin
nafcillin will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nefazodone
nefazodone will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nelfinavir
nelfinavir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nevirapine
nevirapine will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- oxcarbazepine
oxcarbazepine will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pentobarbital
pentobarbital will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenobarbital
phenobarbital will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenytoin
phenytoin will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. If the estrogen is being used for contraception then loss of contraception may occur.
- posaconazole
posaconazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- primidone
primidone will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- quinidine
quinidine will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- quinupristin/dalfopristin
quinupristin/dalfopristin will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ribociclib
ribociclib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifabutin
rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifampin
rifampin will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifapentine
rifapentine will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ritonavir
ritonavir will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- secobarbital
secobarbital will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- siponimod
siponimod and estrogens esterified both increase immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution if coadministered because of additive immunosuppressive effects during such therapy and in the weeks following administration. When switching from drugs with prolonged immune effects, consider the half-life and mode of action of these drugs to avoid unintended additive immunosuppressive effects.
- somapacitan
estrogens esterified decreases effects of somapacitan by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Oral estrogens may reduce the serum IGF-1 response to somapacitan. Patients may require higher somapacitan dosages. See drug monograph for starting dose recommendations.
- St John's Wort
St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- stiripentol
stiripentol, estrogens esterified. affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Stiripentol is a CYP1A2 inhibitor and inducer. Monitor CYP1A2 substrates coadministered with stiripentol for increased or decreased effects. CYP1A2 substrates may require dosage adjustment.
- tacrolimus
tacrolimus will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tazemetostat
tazemetostat will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tecovirimat
tecovirimat will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Tecovirimat is a weak CYP3A4 inducer. Monitor sensitive CYP3A4 substrates for effectiveness if coadministered.
- teriflunomide
teriflunomide decreases levels of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tolvaptan
tolvaptan will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.
- topiramate
topiramate will decrease the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Topiramate may compromise the efficacy of estrogens used for contraception or hormone replacement therapies
- valproic acid
estrogens esterified will decrease the level or effect of valproic acid by increasing elimination. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. May lead to increased seizure frequency
- verapamil
verapamil will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- voriconazole
voriconazole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- zafirlukast
zafirlukast will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
Minor (34)
- acetazolamide
acetazolamide will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amitriptyline
estrogens esterified, amitriptyline. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- amoxapine
estrogens esterified, amoxapine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- anastrozole
anastrozole will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- boron
boron increases levels of estrogens esterified by altering metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clomipramine
estrogens esterified, clomipramine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- cyanocobalamin
estrogens esterified decreases levels of cyanocobalamin by altering metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- cyclophosphamide
cyclophosphamide will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- desipramine
estrogens esterified, desipramine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- dosulepin
estrogens esterified, dosulepin. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens and progestins may decr tricyclic antidepressant effects, while increasing TCA plasma concentration and adverse effects.
- doxepin
estrogens esterified, doxepin. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- folic acid
estrogens esterified decreases levels of folic acid by altering metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- imipramine
estrogens esterified, imipramine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- isoniazid
isoniazid will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- L-methylfolate
estrogens esterified decreases levels of L-methylfolate by altering metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- larotrectinib
larotrectinib will increase the level or effect of estrogens esterified by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lofepramine
estrogens esterified, lofepramine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens and progestins may decr tricyclic antidepressant effects, while increasing TCA plasma concentration and adverse effects.
- magnesium chloride
estrogens esterified decreases levels of magnesium chloride by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.
- magnesium citrate
estrogens esterified decreases levels of magnesium citrate by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.
- magnesium hydroxide
estrogens esterified decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.
- magnesium oxide
estrogens esterified decreases levels of magnesium oxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.
- magnesium sulfate
estrogens esterified decreases levels of magnesium sulfate by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.
- maprotiline
estrogens esterified, maprotiline. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens and progestins may decr tricyclic antidepressant effects, while increasing TCA plasma concentration and adverse effects.
- metyrapone
estrogens esterified decreases effects of metyrapone by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. A subtherapeutic response to metyrapone can be seen in patients on estrogen therapy. It is generally advisable to discontinue estrogens prior to and during metyrapone administration.
- mycophenolate
mycophenolate decreases effects of estrogens esterified by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Clinical significance unclear.
- nortriptyline
estrogens esterified, nortriptyline. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- phytoestrogens
phytoestrogens decreases effects of estrogens esterified by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pleurisy root
pleurisy root decreases effects of estrogens esterified by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- protriptyline
estrogens esterified, protriptyline. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
- pyridoxine
estrogens esterified decreases levels of pyridoxine by altering metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pyridoxine (Antidote)
estrogens esterified decreases levels of pyridoxine (Antidote) by altering metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- rose hips
estrogens esterified decreases levels of rose hips by increasing elimination. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- trazodone
estrogens esterified, trazodone. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens and progestins may decr tricyclic antidepressant effects, while increasing TCA plasma concentration and adverse effects.
- trimipramine
estrogens esterified, trimipramine. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Estrogens may inhibit hepatic metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. However, interactions are not common.
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Common
- Edema, peripheral edema
- Headache
- Melasma
- Breast enlargement, breast tenderness
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Less common
- Depression
- Amenorrhea
- Breakthrough bleeding
- Spotting
- Weight changes
- Corneal curvation change
Warnings
Black Box Warnings
Estrogens increase risk of endometrial cancer
- Close clinical surveillance of all women taking estrogens is important
- Adequate diagnostic measures, including endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in all cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding
- There is no evidence that the use of "natural" estrogens results in a different endometrial risk profile than synthetic estrogens at equivalent estrogen doses
Cardiovascular risks
- Estrogens with and without progestins should not be used to prevent cardiovascular disease
- Estrogens plus progestins: Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Estrogen Plus Progestin substudy reported increased risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, invasive breast cancer, pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in postmenopausal women (aged 50-79 year) during 5.6 yr of treatment w/ daily PO conjugated estrogens (CE 0.625 mg) combined w/ medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA 2.5 mg) compared with placebo
- Estrogens alone: A substudy of the WHI Study reported increased risk for stroke and DVT in postmenopausal women (aged 50-79 yr) during 6.8 year of treatment with oral conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg/day) alone compared with placebo
Dementia risks
- Estrogens with and without progestins should not be used to prevent dementia
- Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), a substudy of the WHI study, reported increased risk of developing probable dementia in postmenopausal women aged 65 yr or older during 4 yr of treatment with daily CE 0.625 mg combined w/ MPA 2.5 mg, compared with placebo
- Estrogens alone: A substudy of the WHIMS reported an increased risk of developing probable dementia in postmenopausal women aged 65 yr or older during 5.2 yr of treatment with conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg alone compared with placebo
- Unknown whether these findings apply to younger postmenopausal women
Dose & duration
- In the absence of comparable data, these risks should be assumed to be similar for other doses of CE and MPA and other combinations & dosage forms of estrogens & progestins
- Because of these risks, estrogens with or without progestins should be prescribed at lowest effective dose & for shortest duration consistent w/ treatment goals and individual risks
Contraindications
Documented hypersensitivity
Active or history of breast cancer
Arterial thromboembolic disease (stroke, MI), thrombophlebitis, DVT/PE, thrombogenic valvular disease
Estrogen-dependent neoplasia, liver disease, liver tumors
Uncontrolled hypertension
Diabetes mellitus with vascular involvement
Jaundice with prior oral contraceptive use
Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
Cautions
Diabetes mellitus, endometriosis, hyperlipidemias, HTN, hypothyroidism, liver impairment, uterine leiomyomata, smoking, porphyria, patients with defects of lipoprotein metabolism, hypertriglyceridemia, hypothyroidism, ovarian cancer, exacerbation of endometriosis or other conditions
Conditions exacerbated by fluid retention (asthma, epilepsy, migraine etc)
Hypercalcemia may occur in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases
Long-term postmenopausal estrogen treatment has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, MI, stroke, DVT, PE, and dementia
Discontinue if the following develop jaundice, visual problems (may cause contact lens intolerance), any signs of VTE, migraine with unusual severity, significang blood pressure increase, severe depression, increased risk of thromboembolic complications after surgery
Concomitant warfarin, oral anticoagulants: estrogens increase risk of thromboembolic disorders; may need to increase anticoagulant dose
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category: X
Lactation: Controversial; estrogens are excreted into breast milk in small quantities, use caution
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Mixture of sodium salts and sulfate esters of estrogenic substances, principally estrone sodium sulfate; reduces LHRH release from hypothalamus, reduces gonadotropin release from pituitary; increase synthesis of DNA, RNA, and various proteins in target tissues
Pharmacokinetics
Protein Bound: 50-80%
Metabolism: Principally and rapidly in liver and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism to less active products such as estriol; kidneys, gonads, and muscle tissues may be involved in metabolism to some extent
Metabolites: Estriol
Excretion: Mainly in urine as conjugates with small amount of unchanged drug, most estrogens are also excreted in bile and undergo enterohepatic recycling
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Menest oral - | 1.25 mg tablet |  | |
| Menest oral - | 2.5 mg tablet |  | |
| Menest oral - | 0.625 mg tablet |  | |
| Menest oral - | 0.3 mg tablet |  |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
esterified estrogens oral
ESTROGENS - ORAL
(ES-troe-jenz)
WARNING: Estrogens, either used alone or with another hormone (progestin), have rarely caused very serious side effects. Discuss the risks and benefits of hormone treatment with your doctor. Estrogens should not be used to prevent heart disease or dementia.Estrogens can increase the risk of cancer of the uterus (endometrial cancer). Taking a progestin as directed by your doctor can help decrease this risk. Tell your doctor right away if you have any unusual vaginal bleeding.In postmenopausal women, estrogens, taken with or without a progestin, increase the risk of cancer of the breast/ovaries, stroke, dementia, and serious blood clots. When used along with a progestin, estrogens also increase the risk of heart disease (such as heart attacks).The risk for serious side effects may depend on the dose of estrogen and the length of time it is used. This medication should be used at the lowest effective dose and for the shortest amount of time. Discuss the use of this medication with your doctor and check with him/her regularly (for example, every 3 to 6 months) to see if you still need to take this medication. If you will be taking this medication long-term, you should have regular complete physical exams (for example, once a year) as directed by your doctor. See also Notes section.
USES: This medication is a female hormone. It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause (such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen. If you are using this medication to treat symptoms only in and around the vagina, products applied directly inside the vagina should be considered before medications that are taken by mouth, absorbed through the skin, or injected.Certain estrogen products may also be used by women after menopause to prevent bone loss (osteoporosis). However, there are other medications (such as raloxifene, bisphosphonates including alendronate) that are also effective in preventing bone loss and may be safer. These medications should be considered for use before estrogen treatment.Certain estrogen products may also be used by men and women to treat cancers (certain types of prostate cancer, breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body) and by women who are not able to produce enough estrogen (for example, due to hypogonadism, primary ovarian failure).
HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using this medication and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor. You may take it with food or right after a meal to prevent stomach upset.If you are taking the extended-release tablets, do not crush, chew, or dissolve them. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Swallow the tablets whole.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.Take this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day as directed. Follow your dosing schedule carefully. Do not increase your dose or take this medication more often or for a longer time than directed.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.
SIDE EFFECTS: See also Warning section.Stomach upset, nausea/vomiting, bloating, breast tenderness, headache, or weight changes may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Tell your doctor promptly if you see the tablet in your stool.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: nausea/vomiting that doesn't stop, mental/mood changes (such as depression, memory loss), breast lumps, unusual vaginal bleeding (such as spotting, breakthrough bleeding, prolonged/recurrent bleeding), increased or new vaginal irritation/itching/odor/discharge, severe stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine, swelling hands/ankles/feet, increased thirst/urination.This medication may rarely cause serious problems from blood clots (such as heart attacks, strokes, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism). Get medical help right away if you have any serious side effects, including: chest/jaw/left arm pain, unusual sweating, sudden/severe headache, weakness on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking, sudden vision changes (such as partial/complete blindness), pain/redness/swelling of legs, tingling/weakness/numbness in the arms/legs, trouble breathing, coughing up blood, sudden dizziness/fainting.A very serious allergic reaction to this product is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: vaginal bleeding of unknown cause, certain cancers (such as breast cancer, cancer of the uterus/ovaries), blood clots, stroke, heart disease (such as heart attack), liver disease, kidney disease, family medical history (especially breast lumps, cancer, blood clots), family or personal history of a certain swelling disorder (angioedema), blood clotting disorders (such as protein C or protein S deficiency), high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol/triglyceride levels, obesity, lupus, underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), mineral imbalance (low or high level of calcium in the blood), a certain hormone problem (hypoparathyroidism), uterus problems (such as fibroids, endometriosis), gallbladder disease, asthma, seizures, migraine headaches, a certain blood disorder (porphyria), mental/mood disorders (such as dementia, depression).Do not smoke or use tobacco. Estrogens combined with smoking further increases your risk of stroke, blood clots, high blood pressure, and heart attack, especially in women older than 35.Tell your doctor if you just had or will be having surgery, or if you will be confined to a chair or bed for a long time (such as a long plane flight). These conditions increase your risk of getting blood clots, especially if you are taking an estrogen product. You may need to stop this medication for a time or take special precautions.This medication may cause blotchy, dark areas on your face and skin (melasma). Sunlight may worsen this effect. Limit your time in the sun. Avoid tanning booths and sunlamps. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.If you are nearsighted or wear contact lenses, you may develop vision problems or trouble wearing your contact lenses. Contact your eye doctor if these problems occur.Children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug. It may affect their growth/development. Discuss the possible effects of this medication with the doctor, and monitor your child's growth periodically.This medication should not be used during pregnancy. If you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant, tell your doctor right away.This medication passes into breast milk. It may reduce the quality and amount of breast milk produced. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: aromatase inhibitors (such as anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole), fulvestrant, ospemifene, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene, tranexamic acid.This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including metyrapone test), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe nausea/vomiting, unusual vaginal bleeding.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Regular complete physical exams which include lab and/or medical tests (such as blood pressure, breast exam/mammogram, pelvic exam, Pap smear) should be done while you are taking this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions for examining your breasts, and report any lumps right away. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.Preventing or controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes can help to reduce your chances of heart disease and stroke. Lifestyle changes that can help to control or prevent these diseases include reducing stress, eating a low fat/salt diet, losing weight if overweight, exercising regularly, and stopping smoking. Keep your mind active with mental exercises (such as reading, solving crossword puzzles) to help prevent dementia. Talk to your doctor about lifestyle changes that might benefit you.Lifestyle changes that may help reduce hot flashes include stopping smoking, dressing lightly or in layers, avoiding/limiting certain foods (spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol), reducing stress, and exercising regularly.Lifestyle changes that help promote healthy bones include increasing weight-bearing exercise, stopping smoking, limiting alcohol, and eating well-balanced meals that contain adequate calcium and vitamin D. Since you may also need to take calcium and vitamin D supplements and make lifestyle changes, consult your doctor for specific advice.
MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
Information last revised January 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
Formulary
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