amifostine (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Ethyol

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

powder for injection

  • 500mg/vial

Nephrotoxicity

Indicated to reduce cumulative renal toxicity associated with repeated administration of cisplatin in patients with advanced ovarian cancer

910 mg/m² IV (15-minute infusion), 30 minutes before chemotherapy  

Blood pressure should be followed following its administration and interrupted if systolic blood pressure decreases significantly from baseline as described below

Interrupt Therapy If Systolic Blood Pressure Baseline Decreased

  • Decreased by 20 mm Hg if baseline <100
  • Decreased by 25 mm Hg if baseline <100-119
  • Decreased by 30 mm Hg if baseline <120-139
  • Decreased by 40 mm Hg if baseline <140-179
  • Decreases by 50 mm Hg if baseline ≥180

Xerostomia

Indicated to reduce incidence of moderate-to-severe xerostomia in patients undergoing postoperative radiation treatment for head and neck cancer, where the radiation port includes a substantial portion of the parotid glands

200 mg/m² IV (3-minute infusion), 15-30 minutes before radiation therapy  

500 mg SC qDay prior to radiation therapy

Chemoprotective Agent (Orphan)

Orphan indications

  • Chemoprotection for cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic melanoma
  • Reduction of incidence and severity of toxicities associated with cisplatin administration
  • Chemoprotection for cyclophosphamide in the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma
  • Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Orphan indications sponsor

  • Medimmune Oncology, Inc; One MedImmune Way; Gaithersburg, MD 20878

Administration

Ensure adequate hydration and premedicate with antiemetic treatment

Safety and efficacy not established

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Interactions

Interaction Checker

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                Monitor Closely (112)

                • acebutolol

                  amifostine, acebutolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • aldesleukin

                  amifostine, aldesleukin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • alemtuzumab

                  amifostine, alemtuzumab. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • alfentanil

                  amifostine, alfentanil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • alfuzosin

                  amifostine, alfuzosin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • aliskiren

                  amifostine, aliskiren. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • amiloride

                  amifostine, amiloride. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • amiodarone

                  amifostine, amiodarone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • amlodipine

                  amifostine, amlodipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • amobarbital

                  amifostine, amobarbital. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor hemodynamic changes, specifically for signs of hypotension, if using barbiturates with blood pressure lowering medications. .

                • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate

                  amifostine, amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • apomorphine

                  amifostine, apomorphine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • aripiprazole

                  amifostine, aripiprazole. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • arsenic trioxide

                  amifostine, arsenic trioxide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • asenapine

                  amifostine, asenapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                  amifostine, asenapine. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • atenolol

                  amifostine, atenolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • avanafil

                  amifostine, avanafil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor blood pressure response to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in patients receiving concurrent blood pressure lowering therapy.

                • azilsartan

                  amifostine, azilsartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • benazepril

                  amifostine, benazepril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • bendroflumethiazide

                  amifostine, bendroflumethiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • betaxolol

                  amifostine, betaxolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • bisoprolol

                  amifostine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • bosentan

                  amifostine, bosentan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • brexpiprazole

                  amifostine, brexpiprazole. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • brimonidine

                  amifostine, brimonidine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • bumetanide

                  amifostine, bumetanide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • butabarbital

                  amifostine, butabarbital. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor hemodynamic changes, specifically for signs of hypotension, if using barbiturates with blood pressure lowering medications. .

                • candesartan

                  amifostine, candesartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • captopril

                  amifostine, captopril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • cariprazine

                  amifostine, cariprazine. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • carvedilol

                  amifostine, carvedilol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • chlorothiazide

                  amifostine, chlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • chlorthalidone

                  amifostine, chlorthalidone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • clevidipine

                  amifostine, clevidipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • clonidine

                  amifostine, clonidine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • clozapine

                  amifostine, clozapine. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • diazoxide

                  amifostine, diazoxide. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • diltiazem

                  amifostine, diltiazem. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • doxazosin

                  amifostine, doxazosin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • duloxetine

                  amifostine, duloxetine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

                • enalapril

                  amifostine, enalapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • eplerenone

                  amifostine, eplerenone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • epoprostenol

                  amifostine, epoprostenol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • eprosartan

                  amifostine, eprosartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • esmolol

                  amifostine, esmolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • ethacrynic acid

                  amifostine, ethacrynic acid. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • felodipine

                  amifostine, felodipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • fenoldopam

                  amifostine, fenoldopam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • fosinopril

                  amifostine, fosinopril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • furosemide

                  amifostine, furosemide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • guanfacine

                  amifostine, guanfacine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • hydralazine

                  amifostine, hydralazine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • hydrochlorothiazide

                  amifostine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • iloperidone

                  amifostine, iloperidone. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • iloprost

                  amifostine, iloprost. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • indapamide

                  amifostine, indapamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • irbesartan

                  amifostine, irbesartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • isradipine

                  amifostine, isradipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • labetalol

                  amifostine, labetalol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • levodopa

                  amifostine, levodopa. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • lisinopril

                  amifostine, lisinopril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • losartan

                  amifostine, losartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • lurasidone

                  amifostine, lurasidone. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • maraviroc

                  maraviroc, amifostine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

                • methohexital

                  amifostine, methohexital. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor hemodynamic changes, specifically for signs of hypotension, if using barbiturates with blood pressure lowering medications. .

                • methyclothiazide

                  amifostine, methyclothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • metolazone

                  amifostine, metolazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • metoprolol

                  amifostine, metoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • minoxidil

                  amifostine, minoxidil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • moexipril

                  amifostine, moexipril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • nadolol

                  amifostine, nadolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • nebivolol

                  amifostine, nebivolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • nicardipine

                  amifostine, nicardipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • nifedipine

                  amifostine, nifedipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • nisoldipine

                  amifostine, nisoldipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • obinutuzumab

                  amifostine, obinutuzumab. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Hypotension may occur during administration. Consider withholding antihypertensive treatments for 12 hr before and during each obinutuzumab infusion and for the first hour after administration.

                • olanzapine

                  amifostine, olanzapine. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • olmesartan

                  amifostine, olmesartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • paliperidone

                  amifostine, paliperidone. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • penbutolol

                  amifostine, penbutolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • pentobarbital

                  amifostine, pentobarbital. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor hemodynamic changes, specifically for signs of hypotension, if using barbiturates with blood pressure lowering medications. .

                • pentoxifylline

                  amifostine, pentoxifylline. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor.

                • perindopril

                  amifostine, perindopril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • phenoxybenzamine

                  amifostine, phenoxybenzamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • phentolamine

                  amifostine, phentolamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • pindolol

                  amifostine, pindolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • prazosin

                  amifostine, prazosin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • propranolol

                  amifostine, propranolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • quetiapine

                  amifostine, quetiapine. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • quinapril

                  amifostine, quinapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • ramipril

                  amifostine, ramipril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • risperidone

                  amifostine, risperidone. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                • sacubitril/valsartan

                  amifostine, sacubitril/valsartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • secobarbital

                  amifostine, secobarbital. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor hemodynamic changes, specifically for signs of hypotension, if using barbiturates with blood pressure lowering medications. .

                • sildenafil

                  amifostine increases effects of sildenafil by additive vasodilation. Use Caution/Monitor. Sildenafil has systemic vasodilatory properties and may further lower blood pressure in patients taking antihypertensive medications. Monitor blood pressure response to sildenafil in patients receiving concurrent blood pressure lowering therapy.

                • silodosin

                  amifostine, silodosin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • sotalol

                  amifostine, sotalol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • spironolactone

                  amifostine, spironolactone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • tadalafil

                  amifostine, tadalafil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor blood pressure response to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in patients receiving concurrent blood pressure lowering therapy.

                • tamsulosin

                  amifostine, tamsulosin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • telmisartan

                  amifostine, telmisartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • terazosin

                  amifostine, terazosin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • timolol

                  amifostine, timolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • tizanidine

                  amifostine, tizanidine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • torsemide

                  amifostine, torsemide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • trandolapril

                  amifostine, trandolapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • treprostinil

                  amifostine, treprostinil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • triamterene

                  amifostine, triamterene. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • valsartan

                  amifostine, valsartan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • vardenafil

                  amifostine, vardenafil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor blood pressure response to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in patients receiving concurrent blood pressure lowering therapy.

                • verapamil

                  amifostine, verapamil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

                • ziprasidone

                  amifostine, ziprasidone. Either increases effects of the other by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to its alpha adrenergic antagonism, atypical antipsychotic agents has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose accordingly.

                Minor (0)

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                  Adverse Effects

                  >10%

                  Nausea/vomiting (96%)

                  Hypotension (61%) - discontinue infusion if significant BP drop

                  1-10%

                  Hypocalcemia (1%)

                  Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1%)

                  Frequency Not Defined

                  Chills/feeling of coldness

                  Flushing/feeling of warmth

                  Dizziness

                  Fever

                  Somnolence

                  Rash

                  Malaise

                  Hiccups

                  Sneezing

                  Postmarketing Reports

                  Immune system disorders: Hypersensitivity reactions including pruritus, urticaria, laryngeal edema, anaphylactic reactions, anaphylactoid reactions

                  Nervous system disorders: Seizures and syncope (loss of consciousness)

                  Cardiac disorders: Myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias including tachycardia, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, extrasystoles

                  Vascular disorders: Transient hypertension and exacerbations of preexisting hypertension

                  Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Apnea, dyspnea, hypoxia, respiratory arrest

                  Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Erythema multiforme, dermatitis exfoliative, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

                  Renal and urinary disorders: Renal failure.

                  General disorders and administration site conditions: Chest discomfort and chest pain

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                  Warnings

                  Contraindications

                  Hypersensitivity to aminothiol, monitor closely during and after IV

                  Cautions

                  Cardiovascular disease, hypocalcemia, hypotension, cutaneous reactions, or nausea/vomiting may occur

                  Administer antiemetic medication prior to and in conjunction with therapy; monitor fluid balance when administered with highly emetogenic chemotherapy

                  Monitor serum calcium levels in patients at risk of hypocalcemia; if necessary, administer calcium supplements

                  Ensure adequate hydration

                  Antitumor interference

                  • Drug may interfere with antitumor activity of chemotherapy regimens
                  • Do not use in patients receiving chemotherapy for other malignancies in which chemotherapy can produce a significant survival benefit or cure (e.g., certain malignancies of germ cell origin); except in the context of a clinical study
                  • Limited data are currently available regarding interference with antitumor efficacy when drug is administered prior to cisplatin therapy in settings other than advanced ovarian cancer

                  Radiotherapy interference

                  • Drug may interfere with antitumor activity of radiotherapy regimens; do not use in patients receiving definitive radiotherapy, except in the context of a clinical trial; there are insufficient data to exclude a tumor-protective effect in this setting
                  • Safety and efficacy of ETHYOL on the incidence of xerostomia in the setting of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and in the setting of accelerated or hyperfractionated therapy, have not been established

                  Cardiovascular events

                  • Patients who are hypotensive or dehydrated should not receive therapy
                  • If interruption of antihypertensive therapy is possible, interrupt antihypertensive therapy 24 hours prior to therapy administration
                  • Hypotensive patients unable to safely interrupt antihypertensive therapy should not receive therapy
                  • Monitor blood pressure during infusion; interrupt and restart infusion if decrease in systolic blood pressure observed

                  Severe cutaneous reactions

                  • Fatal and serious cutaneous reactions reported with therapy, including erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, toxicoderma, exfoliative dermatitis and drug reaction with biopsy-confirmed eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
                  • Reactions have been reported more frequently when drug is used as a radioprotectant
                  • Monitor patients carefully prior to, during and after therapy administration; discontinue therapy for cutaneous reactions or mucosal lesions appearing outside of injection site or radiation port and for erythematous, edematous or bullous lesions on palms or soles
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                  Pregnancy & Lactation

                  Pregnancy

                  When used in combination with cisplatin, refer to cisplatin full prescribing information

                  Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating therapy

                  Based on findings in animals, therapy can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman

                  There are no available data on use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes

                  Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus

                  Animal data

                  • In animal reproduction studies, intravenous administration to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis was embryotoxic at doses approximately sixty percent of recommended dose in humans based on body surface area

                  Infertility

                  • Based on findings from animal studies, therapy may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential

                  Lactation

                  When used in combination with cisplatin, refer to cisplatin full prescribing information for lactation information

                  There are no data on presence of amifostine or metabolites in human milk, effects on breastfed child, or on milk production

                  Because of potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed child, advise lactating women not to breastfeed during treatment

                  Pregnancy Categories

                  A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

                  B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

                  C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

                  D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

                  X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

                  NA: Information not available.

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                  Pharmacology

                  Mechanism of Action

                  Thiol metabolite binds to reactive metabolites of cisplatin and scavenges free radicals

                  Pharmacokinetics

                  Half-Life: 8 min

                  Metabolite: Free thiol

                  Metabolism: Liver

                  Vd: 3.5 L

                  Half-life: 8-9 min

                  Excretion: Urine

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                  Administration

                  IV Incompatibilities

                  Y-site: acyclovir, amphotericin B, cefoperazone, chlorpromazine, cisplatin, ganciclovir, hydroxyzine, minocycline, prochlorperazine

                  IV Compatibilities

                  Y-site (partial list): amikacin, ampicillin, carboplatin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, clindamycin, dopamine, furosemide, heparin, lorazepam, MgSO4, metoclopramide, morphine, ondansetron, NaHCO3, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin

                  IV Preparation

                  Reconstitute with 9.5 mL 0.9% NaCl

                  Amifostine should be further diluted in 0.9% NaCl to a concentration of 5-40 mcg/mL

                  IV Administration

                  Infuse over 15 min before chemotherapy

                  Infuse over 3 min before radiation treatment

                  Administration as a longer infusion is associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects

                  Storage

                  Refrigerate lyophilized powder

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                  Images

                  No images available for this drug.
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                  Patient Handout

                  Patient Education
                  amifostine crystalline intravenous

                  AMIFOSTINE - INJECTION

                  (A-mi-FOS-teen)

                  COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Ethyol

                  USES: Amifostine is used to decrease the risk of kidney problems caused by treatment with a certain anti-cancer drug (cisplatin). It is also used to help prevent a certain side effect (dry mouth) caused by radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. Amifostine is thought to work by preventing certain chemicals from damaging healthy cells. It may also help repair cells damaged by cisplatin or radiation treatment.

                  HOW TO USE: This medication is given by injection into a vein by a health care professional as directed by your doctor, usually 15 to 30 minutes before cancer treatment. The dosage is based on your medical condition, body size, and response to treatment.To decrease the risk of side effects, drink plenty of fluids while using this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Your doctor may direct you to lie down while receiving this medication to decrease the chances of low blood pressure. Also, if you are taking blood pressure medication, your doctor may direct you to stop taking it for 1 day before receiving this drug. Be sure to ask your doctor when to restart blood pressure medication.

                  SIDE EFFECTS: Flushing, chills, unusual feelings of warmth/coldness, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, or pain/redness/swelling at the injection site may occur. Nausea and vomiting occur often and can be severe. Your doctor may prescribe medication to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting. Eating several small meals, not eating before treatment, or limiting activity may help lessen some of these effects. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: fainting, fast/slow/irregular heartbeat, muscle spasms, mental/mood changes, seizure.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

                  PRECAUTIONS: Before receiving amifostine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: low/high blood pressure, dehydration, heart disease (such as irregular heartbeat, heart failure), kidney disease, previous stroke.This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy or blur your vision. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness or clear vision until you can do it safely. Limit alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Since amifostine is used with anti-cancer treatments which may harm an unborn baby, you should not become pregnant during treatment. Ask about reliable forms of birth control while using this medication with anti-cancer treatments. If you become pregnant, talk to your doctor right away about the risks and benefits of amifostine and the anti-cancer treatments.It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Because of possible risk to the infant, breastfeeding is not recommended while using this medication. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding.

                  DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products that cause drowsiness such as opioid pain or cough relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone), alcohol, marijuana (cannabis), drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), or antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine).Check the labels on all your medicines (such as allergy or cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.

                  OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

                  NOTES: Lab and/or medical tests (such as blood pressure, serum calcium levels) should be done while you are using this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

                  MISSED DOSE: It is important to get each dose of this medication as scheduled. If you miss a dose, ask your doctor or pharmacist right away for a new dosing schedule.

                  STORAGE: Not applicable. This medication is given in a hospital or clinic and will not be stored at home.

                  Information last revised November 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

                  IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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                  Formulary

                  FormularyPatient Discounts

                  Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

                  To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

                  Adding plans allows you to:

                  • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
                  • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
                  • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
                  • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

                  The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

                  Tier Description
                  1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
                  2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
                  3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
                  4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                  5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                  6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                  NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
                  Code Definition
                  PA Prior Authorization
                  Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
                  QL Quantity Limits
                  Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
                  ST Step Therapy
                  Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
                  OR Other Restrictions
                  Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
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                  Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.