Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
intranasal suspension
- 0.2mL (prefilled single use sprayer)
Influenza Prophylaxis
Indicated for prevention of influenza A and B infection in adults aged ≤49 years
Adults ≤49 years: 0.2 mL/dose (0.1 mL/nostril); 1 dose/season
Intranasal administration for age ≥50 years: Safety and efficacy not established
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) not indicated for the following adults who
- have immunocompromising conditions, including HIV infection
- have anatomical or functional asplenia
- are pregnant
- have close contact with or are caregivers of severely immunocompromised persons in a protected environment
- have received influenza antiviral medications in the previous 48 hr
- have a cerebrospinal fluid leak or cochlear implant
Dosing Considerations
Contains the following 4 viral strais for 2021-2022 Northern Hemisphere season
- A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus (new for 2021-2022)
- A/Cambodia/30826360/2020 (H3N2)-like virus (new for 2021-2022)
- B/Washington/02/2019 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus (no change from last season)
- B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus (B/Yamagata lineage) (no change from last season)
Dosage Forms & Strengths
intranasal suspension
- 0.2mL (prefilled single use sprayer)
Influenza Prophylaxis
Indicated for prevention of influenza A and B infection children aged ≥2 years
<2 year: Safety and efficacy not established
2-8 years: 0.2 mL/dose (0.1 mL in each nostril) x1-2 doses/season (see Administration)
≥9 years: As in adults; 0.2 mL/dose (0.1 mL/nostril); 1 dose/season
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) not indicated for the following children who
- have immunocompromising conditions, including HIV infection
- have anatomical or functional asplenia
- are pregnant
- have close contact with or are caregivers of severely immunocompromised persons in a protected environment
- have received influenza antiviral medications in the previous 48 hr
- have a cerebrospinal fluid leak or a cochlear implant
- are aged 2-4 yr and who have received a diagnosis of asthma or wheezing within the preceding 12 months
- are receiving aspirin- or salicylate-containing medications
- have a history of severe allergic reaction of any component of the vaccine (except egg) or after a previous dose of any influenza vaccine
-
Caution with the following conditions
- asthma in person aged ≥5 yr
- other underlying medical conditions (eg, chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular [except isolated hypertension], renal, hepatic, neurologic, hematologic, or metabolic disorders [including diabetes mellitus])
Dosing Considerations
Contains the following 4 viral strais for 2021-2022 Northern Hemisphere season
- A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus (new for 2021-2022)
- A/Cambodia/30826360/2020 (H3N2)-like virus (new for 2021-2022)
- B/Washington/02/2019 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus (no change from last season)
- B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus (B/Yamagata lineage) (no change from last season)
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (13)
- belimumab
belimumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Contraindicated. Do not administer live vaccines 30 days before or concurrently with belimumab.
- certolizumab pegol
certolizumab pegol decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Do not give live vaccines concurrently with certolizumab.
- ibrutinib
ibrutinib decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- ixekizumab
ixekizumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Contraindicated. Ixekizumab may interfere with immune response of live vaccines and increase risk for vaccine adverse effects; prior to initiating ixekizumab, complete all age appropriate immunizations.
- lomustine
lomustine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3mo after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- mechlorethamine
mechlorethamine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- melphalan
melphalan decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- methotrexate
methotrexate decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunization with live virus vaccines is generally not recommended.
- onasemnogene abeparvovec
onasemnogene abeparvovec decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Contraindicated. Adjust vaccinations to accommodate concomitant corticosteroid administration prior to and following onasemnogene abeparvovec infusion. Avoid live vaccines for at least 1 month when initiating or after high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy administered for =2 weeks.
- oxaliplatin
oxaliplatin decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo. after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- procarbazine
procarbazine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.
- secukinumab
secukinumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Contraindicated. Secukinumab may interfere with immune response of live vaccines and increase risk for vaccine adverse effects; prior to initiating secukinumab, complete all age appropriate immunizations.
- ustekinumab
ustekinumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Prior initiating therapy, patients should receive all age-appropriate immunizations as recommended by current guidelines. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
Serious - Use Alternative (55)
- adalimumab
adalimumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- alefacept
alefacept decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- amantadine
amantadine, influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Because of its antiviral properties, amantadine may interfere with the efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV). Coadministration of LAIV and amantadine is not recommended. Inactivated influenza vaccines may be used, as appropriate.
- anakinra
anakinra decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- anifrolumab
anifrolumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Before initiation, update immunization according to current guidelines.
- antithymocyte globulin equine
antithymocyte globulin equine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- antithymocyte globulin rabbit
antithymocyte globulin rabbit decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab
atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Ebola monoclonal antibodies may interfere with immune response of live vaccines. Refer to vaccine guidelines for vaccination timing during and following treatment. .
- azathioprine
azathioprine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- baricitinib
baricitinib decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use of live vaccines with baricitinib. Update immunizations in agreement with current immunization guidelines before initiating baricitinib.
- basiliximab
basiliximab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- budesonide
budesonide decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- canakinumab
canakinumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- cortisone
cortisone decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- cyclosporine
cyclosporine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Avoid live vaccines in immunocompromised patients due to the risk of developing a clinical infection from the live vaccine. Inadequate immune response to the vaccine may also occur in the presence of immunosuppressants. Avoid live vaccines for at least 3 months after cessation of immunosuppressant therapy unless the benefit of vaccine administration outweighs the potential risk.
- deflazacort
deflazacort decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- dexamethasone
dexamethasone decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- dupilumab
dupilumab, influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal. immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Prior to initiating dupilumab, complete all age appropriate immunizations. Avoid use of live vaccines in patients treated with dupilumab.
- etanercept
etanercept decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- everolimus
everolimus decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- fludrocortisone
fludrocortisone decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- glatiramer
glatiramer decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- golimumab
golimumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- guselkumab
guselkumab, influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal. immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Prior to initiating guselkumab, complete all age appropriate immunizations. No data available on the ability of live or inactive vaccine to elicit an immune response in patients treated with guselkumab.
- hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- hydroxychloroquine sulfate
hydroxychloroquine sulfate decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- hydroxyurea
hydroxyurea decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Vaccination with live vaccines in a patient receiving hydroxyurea may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection).
- infliximab
infliximab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- leflunomide
leflunomide decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- mercaptopurine
mercaptopurine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- methylprednisolone
methylprednisolone decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- muromonab CD3
muromonab CD3 decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- mycophenolate
mycophenolate decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- ocrelizumab
ocrelizumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Vaccination with live-attenuated or live vaccines is not recommended during ocrelizumab treatment and until B-cell repletion.
- ofatumumab SC
ofatumumab SC decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Administer all immunizations according to immunization guidelines at least 4 weeks prior to initiation of ofatumumab SC for live or live-attenuated vaccines, and whenever possible.
- ozanimod
ozanimod decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use of live-attenuated vaccines with ozanimod during treatment and for up to 3 months after discontinuing ozanimod. .
- peramivir
peramivir decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid live attenuated influenza vaccine within 2 wk before or 48 hr after administration of neuraminidase inhibitors; inactivated influenza vaccine can be administered at any time relative to use of neuraminidase inhibitors.
- ponesimod
ponesimod decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use of live attenuated vaccines at least 1 month before initiating, during, and for 1-2 weeks after treatment. Coadministration with live attenuated vaccines may increase infection risk.
- prednisolone
prednisolone decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- prednisone
prednisone decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- rilonacept
rilonacept decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- risankizumab
risankizumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use of live vaccines. Before starting risankizumab, complete age appropriate immunizations.
- rituximab
rituximab, influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal. immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Safety of immunization with live viral vaccines following rituximab therapy has not been studied and vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended.
- rituximab-hyaluronidase
rituximab-hyaluronidase, influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal. immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Safety of immunization with live viral vaccines following rituximab therapy has not been studied and vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended.
- siponimod
siponimod decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pause vaccinations beginning 1 week before initiating siponimod and for 4 weeks after stopping treatment. Coadministration with live attenuated vaccines may increase infection risk.
- sirolimus
sirolimus decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- tacrolimus
tacrolimus decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- temsirolimus
temsirolimus decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- tildrakizumab
tildrakizumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Before initiating tildrakizumab therapy, consider completion of all age appropriate immunizations according to current immunization guidelines. Avoid use of live vaccines in patients treated with tildrakizumab. No data are available on the response to live or inactive vaccines.
- tocilizumab
tocilizumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension
triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Corticosteroids also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- upadacitinib
upadacitinib decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- ustekinumab
ustekinumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated. Prior initiating therapy, patients should receive all age-appropriate immunizations as recommended by current guidelines. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines.
- vedolizumab
vedolizumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use of live virus vaccines while receiving vedolizumab; live vaccines may be administered concurrently with vedolizumab only if the benefits outweigh the risks.
- voclosporin
voclosporin decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines. Avoid live vaccines for at least 3 months after immunosuppressants.
Monitor Closely (6)
- anthrax immune globulin
anthrax immune globulin decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Immune globulin administration may impair the efficacy of live attenuated vaccines. Defer vaccination with live virus vaccines until ~3 months after administration of anthrax IG. Revaccinate people who received anthrax IG shortly after live virus vaccination following 3 months after the administration of anthrax IG.
- baloxavir marboxil
baloxavir marboxil will decrease the level or effect of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Use of baloxavir with intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has not been evaluated. Antivirals may inhibit LAIV viral replication, causing decreased vaccine effectiveness.
- belatacept
belatacept decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: The use of live vaccines should be avoided during treatment with belatacept. Inform patients that vaccinations may be less effective while they are being treated with belatacept.
- dengue vaccine
dengue vaccine, influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Data are not available to establish safety and immunogenicity of coadministration of dengue vaccine with recommended adolescent vaccines.
- obinutuzumab
obinutuzumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Use Caution/Monitor. Immunization with live virus vaccines is not recommended during obinutuzumab treatment and until after B-cell recovery.
- oseltamivir
oseltamivir decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid administration of live attenuated influenza vaccine intranasal within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after administration of oseltamivir, unless medically indicated.
Minor (1)
- chloroquine
chloroquine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, intranasal by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
Adverse Effects
>10%
Adults
- Runny nose (41-45%)
- Headache (41-45%)
- Sore throat (26-30%)
- Weakness (26-30%)
- Myalgia (16-20%)
- Cough (11-15%)
Children
- Runny nose/nasal congestion (46-50%)
- Cough (36-40%)
- Irritability (16-20%)
- Headache (16-20%)
1-10%
Adults
- Chills (6-10%)
- Nasal congestion (6-10%)
- Sinusitis (2-5%)
Warnings
Suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine may be reported to Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), 1-800-822-7967
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to eggs, sulfites
IV/IM administration
Children/adolescents receiving aspirin
Asthma, reactive airway disease
Diabetes, renal dysfunction
Hemoglobinopathies
Immunodeficiency diseases
Patients on immunosuppressants
Any chronic pulmonary/cardivascular disorder
Cautions
Do not administer within 2 wk of inactivated vaccine or 4 week of live virus vaccine
Treatment for anaphylactoid and/or hypersensitivity reactions must be present during vaccine use
Use caution in patients with history of Guillain-Barre
Nasal congestion may impair delivery of vaccine (avoid use)
Not recommended in patients with neurologic or neuromuscular disorders
Avoid use in children aged 2 through 4 years who had wheezing in the past 12 months, or those who have any other underlying medical conditions that predispose them to influenza complications
Caution in patients aged ≥5 yr who have asthma
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
Not absorbed systemically following intranasal administration and maternal use is not expected to result in fetal exposure to the drug
Clinical considerations
- Pregnant women infected with seasonal influenza are at increased risk of severe illness associated with influenza infection compared with nonpregnant women
- Pregnant women with influenza may be at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm labor and delivery
Lactation
Not absorbed systemically by the mother following intranasal administration and breastfeeding is not expected to result in exposure of the breastfed child
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Vaccine; vaccines convey active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies
Pharmacokinetics
Onset: Three weeks after vaccination
Duration: 6 months or more
Distribution: Nasal cavity, stomach, brain, and lungs
Administration
Intranasal Administration
Administer at beginning of influenza season
Each sprayer contains a single dose (0.2 mL); administer one-half of the contents of the single-dose intranasal sprayer into each nostril
With the patient in upright position, place tip of syringe applicator just inside the nostril and depress plunger as rapidly as possible
Children aged 2 years through 8 years
- If child requires 2 doses, administer at least 4 weeks apart (see number of doses)
Number of doses
- 2 doses administered a minimum of 4 weeks apart are required during child’s first season of vaccination for optimal protection
- Children who have previously received ≥2 total doses of trivalent or quadrivalent influenza vaccine at least 4 weeks apart, require only 1 dose for the current flu season
- The 2 doses of influenza vaccine do not have to have been administered in the same season or consecutive seasons
- From ACIP recommendations: MMWR 2018 Aug 24 / 67(3);1-20
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