Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
tablet
- 5mg
- 10mg
tablet, extended-release
- 2.5mg
- 5mg
- 10mg
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Immediate-release tablet
- 5 mg PO qDay initially; increase by 2.5-5 mg PRN every several days based on blood glucose
- Maintenance range: 2.5-20 mg PO qDay or q12hr; not to exceed 40 mg/day
Extended-release tablets (Glucotrol XL)
- Initial: 5 mg/day PO given with breakfast; dose adjustment based on blood glucose should not be done more frequently than every 7 days
- Maintenance range: 5-10 mg PO qDay; not to exceed 20 mg/day
Dosing considerations
- Doses >15 mg: PO divided q12hr recommended
Conversion From Immediate Release to Extended Release
Administer the nearest equivalent immediate-release daily dose as extended-release tablet once daily
Alternatively, administer 5 mg PO initially; titrate as necessary
Conversion From Long Half-Life Agents
Observe patients carefully for 1-2 weeks when being converted from long half-life sulfonylureas to glipizide, because of potential for overlapping of hypoglycemic effects
Transferring From Insulin Therapy to Glipizide IR or ER
Current insulin dose <20 units: Discontinue insulin and initiate glipizide therapy at recommended dose
Current insulin dose >20 units: Decrease insulin dose by 50% and initiate glipizide at recommended dose; decrease insulin dose gradually based on patient’s response
Dosing Modifications
Hepatic impairment: 2.5 mg PO qDay initially (immediate release); extended release not studied
Renal impairment: Not studied; if GFR <50 mL/min, may decrease dose by 50% (suggested)
Safety and efficacy not established
Diabetes
2.5 mg PO qDay initially; increase by 2.5-5 mg/day every 1-2 weeks as determined by blood glucose response at intervals of several days
May switch to extended release once daily tablets at the nearest equivalent total daily dose or lower end of recommended range; not to exceed 20 mg/day
Dosing considerations
Because elderly patients are susceptible to the hypoglycemic effects of glucose-lowering drugs, the question of how tightly glucose levels should be controlled in the elderly is controversial
Recognizing hypoglycemia in elderly patients may be challenging
Monitoring other parameters associated with cardiovascular disease, such as blood pressure and cholesterol, may be more important than normalized glycemic control
Initial and maintenance dosing should be conservative
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (0)
Serious - Use Alternative (6)
- aminolevulinic acid oral
aminolevulinic acid oral, glipizide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during perioperative period.
- aminolevulinic acid topical
glipizide increases toxicity of aminolevulinic acid topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of photosensitizing drugs may enhance the phototoxic reaction to photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid.
- ethanol
ethanol, glipizide. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Excessive EtOH consumption may alter glycemic control. Some sulfonylureas may produce a disulfiram like rxn.
- ivosidenib
ivosidenib will decrease the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of sensitive CYP2C9 substrates with ivosidenib or replace with alternate therapies. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor patients for loss of therapeutic effect of these drugs.
- lumacaftor/ivacaftor
lumacaftor/ivacaftor will decrease the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Sulfonylureas are CYP2C9 substrates. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C9.
- methyl aminolevulinate
glipizide, methyl aminolevulinate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.
Monitor Closely (166)
- aceclofenac
aceclofenac increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- acemetacin
acemetacin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- albiglutide
albiglutide, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .
- alogliptin
alogliptin, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of alogliptin with insulin and/or insulin secretagogues (eg, sulfonylureas, meglitinide derivatives) may increase risk for hypoglycemia; may require lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue .
- alpelisib
alpelisib will decrease the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- aluminum hydroxide
aluminum hydroxide will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- apalutamide
apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of apalutamide, a weak CYP2C9 inducer, with drugs that are CYP2C9 substrates can result in lower exposure to these medications. Evaluate for loss of therapeutic effect if medication must be coadministered.
- aripiprazole
aripiprazole, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- asenapine
asenapine, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- aspirin
aspirin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- aspirin rectal
aspirin rectal increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- atazanavir
atazanavir decreases effects of glipizide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- benazepril
benazepril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypogylcemic effects.
- bexagliflozin
bexagliflozin, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with bexagliflozin.
- bexarotene
bexarotene increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Based on the mechanism of action, bexarotene capsules may increase the action of insulin enhancing agents, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia has not been associated with bexarotene monotherapy.
- bitter melon
bitter melon increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- canagliflozin
glipizide, canagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with canagliflozin.
- cannabidiol
cannabidiol will increase the level or effect of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Cannabidiol may potentially inhibit CYP2C9 activity. Consider reducing the dose when concomitantly using CYP2C9 substrates.
- captopril
captopril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose.
- celecoxib
celecoxib increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- choline magnesium trisalicylate
choline magnesium trisalicylate increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- cimetidine
cimetidine will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cinnamon
cinnamon increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.
- ciprofibrate
ciprofibrate increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- ciprofloxacin
ciprofloxacin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hyper and hypoglycemia have been reported in patients treated concomitantly with quinolones and antidiabetic agents. Careful monitoring of blood glucose is recommended.
- clarithromycin
clarithromycin increases levels of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- clotrimazole
clotrimazole increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clozapine
clozapine, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- colesevelam
colesevelam decreases levels of glipizide by drug binding in GI tract. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant administration decreases glipizide absorption; however, absorption is not reduced when glipizide is administered 4 hr before colesevelam.
- cyclosporine
glipizide, cyclosporine. unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Cyclosporine may decrease the effects of sulfonylureas. Sulfonylureas may increase the effects of cyclosporine.
- dapagliflozin
glipizide, dapagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with dapagliflozin.
- darunavir
darunavir, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Darunavir may increase or decrease levels of glipizide. Use alternatives if available. Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- diclofenac
diclofenac increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- diflunisal
diflunisal increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- disopyramide
disopyramide increases effects of glipizide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- dulaglutide
dulaglutide, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF decreases levels of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Elvitegravir is a moderate CYP2C9 inducer.
- empagliflozin
empagliflozin, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with SGLT2 inhibitors.
- enalapril
enalapril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ertugliflozin
ertugliflozin, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with ertugliflozin.
- esomeprazole
esomeprazole will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- etodolac
etodolac increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- exenatide injectable solution
exenatide injectable solution, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypoglycemia when exenatide is used in combination with agents that induce hypoglycemia. Consider lowering dose of sulfonylureas to reduce risk of hypoglycemia. .
- exenatide injectable suspension
exenatide injectable suspension, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypoglycemia when exenatide is used in combination with agents that induce hypoglycemia. Consider lowering dose of sulfonylureas to reduce risk of hypoglycemia.
- famotidine
famotidine will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fenofibrate
fenofibrate increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fenofibrate micronized
fenofibrate micronized increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fenoprofen
fenoprofen increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- fleroxacin
fleroxacin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- fluconazole
fluconazole increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fluoxetine
fluoxetine increases effects of glipizide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- flurbiprofen
flurbiprofen increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Fosamprenavir may increase or decrease levels of glipizide. Use alternatives if available. Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- fosinopril
fosinopril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- gemfibrozil
gemfibrozil increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- gemifloxacin
gemifloxacin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- ibuprofen
ibuprofen increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- ibuprofen IV
ibuprofen IV increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- ibuprofen/famotidine
ibuprofen/famotidine will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- iloperidone
iloperidone, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- imidapril
imidapril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- indinavir
indinavir decreases effects of glipizide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- indomethacin
indomethacin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- insulin aspart
glipizide, insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart
glipizide, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin degludec
glipizide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin degludec/insulin aspart
glipizide, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin detemir
glipizide, insulin detemir. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin glargine
glipizide, insulin glargine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin glulisine
glipizide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin inhaled
glipizide, insulin inhaled. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin isophane human/insulin regular human
glipizide, insulin isophane human/insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin lispro
glipizide, insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro
glipizide, insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin NPH
glipizide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- insulin regular human
glipizide, insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- isocarboxazid
isocarboxazid increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketoconazole
ketoconazole increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketoprofen
ketoprofen increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- ketorolac
ketorolac increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- ketorolac intranasal
ketorolac intranasal increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- ketotifen, ophthalmic
ketotifen, ophthalmic, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may result in thrombocytopenia (rare). Monitor CBC.
- levofloxacin
levofloxacin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- levoketoconazole
levoketoconazole increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- linagliptin
glipizide, linagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: When linagliptin is used in combination with sulfonylureas, a lower dose of the sulfonylurea may be required to reduce risk of hypoglycemia.
- linezolid
linezolid increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- liraglutide
liraglutide, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .
- lisinopril
lisinopril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lixisenatide (DSC)
lixisenatide (DSC), glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Risk of hypoglycemia increased when coadministered with sulfonylureas. Sulfonylurea dosage reduction may be required.
- lonapegsomatropin
lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of glipizide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.
- lopinavir
lopinavir, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Lopinavir may increase or decrease levels of glipizide. Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- lornoxicam
lornoxicam increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- lurasidone
lurasidone, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- marijuana
marijuana decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mecasermin
mecasermin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypoglycemic effects.
- meclofenamate
meclofenamate increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- mefenamic acid
mefenamic acid increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- meloxicam
meloxicam increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- metreleptin
glipizide, metreleptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of metreleptin with insulin and/or insulin secretagogues (eg, sulfonylureas, meglitinide derivatives) may increase risk for hypoglycemia; may require lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue.
- miconazole vaginal
miconazole vaginal increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mipomersen
mipomersen, glipizide. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Both drugs have potential to increase hepatic enzymes; monitor LFTs.
- moexipril
moexipril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- moxifloxacin
moxifloxacin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- nabumetone
nabumetone increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- nadolol
nadolol decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers may also mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- naproxen
naproxen increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- nelfinavir
nelfinavir decreases effects of glipizide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide, glipizide. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nitisinone
nitisinone will increase the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Nitisinone inhibits CYP2C9. Caution if CYP2C9 substrate coadministered, particularly those with a narrow therapeutic index.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- olanzapine
olanzapine, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- opuntia ficus indica
opuntia ficus indica increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ospemifene
glipizide, ospemifene. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- oxaprozin
oxaprozin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- paliperidone
paliperidone, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- parecoxib
parecoxib increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- peginterferon alfa 2b
peginterferon alfa 2b decreases levels of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. When patients are administered peginterferon alpha-2b with CYP2C9 substrates, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be altered. .
- perindopril
perindopril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenelzine
phenelzine increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pindolol
pindolol decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers may also mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- piroxicam
piroxicam increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- posaconazole
posaconazole increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- probenecid
probenecid increases levels of glipizide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- propranolol
propranolol decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers may also mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- quetiapine
quetiapine, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- quinapril
quinapril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ramipril
ramipril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rasagiline
rasagiline increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifabutin
rifabutin decreases levels of glipizide by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifampin
rifampin decreases levels of glipizide by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifapentine
rifapentine decreases levels of glipizide by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- risperidone
risperidone, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- ritonavir
ritonavir, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Ritonavir may increase or decrease levels of glipizide. Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- rucaparib
rucaparib will increase the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Adjust dosage of CYP2C9 substrates, if clinically indicated.
- salicylates (non-asa)
salicylates (non-asa) increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- salsalate
salsalate increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- saquinavir
saquinavir decreases effects of glipizide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- selegiline
selegiline increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serum glucose should be monitored closely when MAOIs are added to any regimen containing antidiabetic medications. Hypoglycemic effects may be increased.
- selegiline transdermal
selegiline transdermal increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- semaglutide
semaglutide, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin secretagogues with GLP-1 agonists may increase hypoglycemia risk. Lowering the insulin secretagogue dose may reduce hypoglycemia risk. .
- shark cartilage
shark cartilage increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Theoretical interaction.
- sodium bicarbonate
sodium bicarbonate will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sodium citrate/citric acid
sodium citrate/citric acid will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- somapacitan
somapacitan decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .
- sparsentan
sparsentan will decrease the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Sparsentan (a CYP2C9 inducer) decreases exposure of CYP2C9 substrates and reduces efficacy related to these substrates.
- sulfadiazine
sulfadiazine increases levels of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sulfamethoxazole
sulfamethoxazole increases levels of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sulfamethoxypyridazine
sulfamethoxypyridazine increases effects of glipizide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- sulfasalazine
sulfasalazine increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- sulfisoxazole
sulfisoxazole increases levels of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sulindac
sulindac increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- timolol
timolol decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers may also mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- tipranavir
tipranavir decreases effects of glipizide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- tolfenamic acid
tolfenamic acid increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- tolmetin
tolmetin increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- trandolapril
trandolapril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tranylcypromine
tranylcypromine increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension
triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.
- trimagnesium citrate anhydrous
trimagnesium citrate anhydrous increases levels of glipizide by enhancing GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
- voriconazole
voriconazole increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- warfarin
glipizide, warfarin. Either increases effects of the other by receptor binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for decreased vitamin K antagonist effects (eg, decreased INR, thrombosis) when combined with metformin. Additionally, consider increased monitoring for hypoglycemia with this combination. Competitive inhibition of CYP2C9-mediated metabolism may also contribute to mechanism.
- xipamide
xipamide decreases levels of glipizide by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ziprasidone
ziprasidone, glipizide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
Minor (85)
- agrimony
agrimony increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- American ginseng
American ginseng increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amitriptyline
amitriptyline increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amoxapine
amoxapine increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- anamu
anamu increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- aspirin
aspirin increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- aspirin rectal
aspirin rectal increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- balsalazide
balsalazide increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- bendroflumethiazide
bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- budesonide
budesonide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- chloramphenicol
chloramphenicol increases levels of glipizide by decreasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- chlorothiazide
chlorothiazide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- chlorthalidone
chlorthalidone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- choline magnesium trisalicylate
choline magnesium trisalicylate increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- chromium
chromium increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clomipramine
clomipramine increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clonidine
clonidine decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.
clonidine, glipizide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production. - cornsilk
cornsilk increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- cortisone
cortisone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- cyclopenthiazide
cyclopenthiazide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- damiana
damiana decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- danazol
danazol increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- deflazacort
deflazacort decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- desipramine
desipramine increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- devil's claw
devil's claw increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dexamethasone
dexamethasone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- diflunisal
diflunisal increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- doxepin
doxepin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- elderberry
elderberry increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (in vitro research).
- eucalyptus
eucalyptus increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- fludrocortisone
fludrocortisone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fluoxymesterone
fluoxymesterone increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fo-ti
fo-ti increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- forskolin
forskolin increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Colenol, a compound found in Coleus root, may stimulate insulin release.
- gotu kola
gotu kola increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- guanfacine
guanfacine decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.
guanfacine, glipizide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production. - gymnema
gymnema increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- horse chestnut seed
horse chestnut seed increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- hydrochlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- imipramine
imipramine increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- indapamide
indapamide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- isoniazid
isoniazid decreases effects of glipizide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- juniper
juniper increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- lofepramine
lofepramine increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lycopus
lycopus increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- maitake
maitake increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (animal research).
- maprotiline
maprotiline increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- mesalamine
mesalamine increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- mesterolone
mesterolone increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- methyclothiazide
methyclothiazide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- methylprednisolone
methylprednisolone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- methyltestosterone
methyltestosterone increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- metolazone
metolazone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- nettle
nettle increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- nizatidine
nizatidine will increase the level or effect of glipizide by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nortriptyline
nortriptyline increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin, glipizide. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential dysglycemia.
- omeprazole
omeprazole will increase the level or effect of glipizide by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- orlistat
orlistat increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- oxandrolone
oxandrolone increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- oxymetholone
oxymetholone increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pegvisomant
pegvisomant increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- potassium acid phosphate
potassium acid phosphate increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium chloride
potassium chloride increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium citrate
potassium citrate increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- prednisolone
prednisolone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- prednisone
prednisone decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- protriptyline
protriptyline increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sage
sage increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- salicylates (non-asa)
salicylates (non-asa) increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- salsalate
salsalate increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- sitagliptin
sitagliptin, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia with combination is unknown.
- stevia
stevia increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sulfasalazine
sulfasalazine increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- tacrolimus
glipizide increases levels of tacrolimus by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone
testosterone increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone buccal system
testosterone buccal system increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone topical
testosterone topical increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- tongkat ali
tongkat ali increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- trazodone
trazodone increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- trimipramine
trimipramine increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- vanadium
vanadium increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- willow bark
willow bark increases effects of glipizide by plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Dermatologic reactions
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Syncope
Constipation
Flatulence
Dizziness
Nervousness
Headache
Anxiety
Depression
Drowsiness
Erythema
Heartburn
Maculopapular eruptions
Hypoglycemia
Morbilliform eruptions
Nausea/vomiting
Urticaria
Cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis occur rarely but may progress to liver failure
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity; sulfa allergy
Type 1 diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis with or without coma
Cautions
Patients with risk of severe hypoglycemia include the elderly, debilitated, or malnourished; adrenal or pituitary insufficiency; stress due to infection, fever, trauma, or surgery; concomitant use with beta-blockers or other sympatholytic agents may impair the patient's ability to recognize the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia; use with caution
If patient is exposed to stress (fever, trauma, infection, surgery), it may be necessary to discontinue glipizide and initiate insulin
Use caution in hepatic/renal impairment
Use with caution in pregnancy and lactation
Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality suggested by product labeling but data is limited
FDA-approved product labeling for many medications have included a broad contraindication in patients with a prior allregic reaction to sulfonamides; however, recent studies have suggested that crossreactivity between antibiotic sulfonamides and nonantibiotic sulfonamides is unlikely to occur; increase in cardiovascular mortality suggested by product labeling but data is limited
Hypoglycemia is more likely to occur when caloric intake is deficient, after severe or prolonged exercise, when alcohol is ingested, or when more than one glucose-lowering drug is used
Hypoglycemia may be difficult to recognize in patients with autonomic neuropathy
Hemolytic anemia may occur with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency when treated with sulfonylurea agents; consider a nonsulfonylurea alternative
Avoid using the extended-release tablets in patients with severe gastrointestinal narrowing of esophageal dysmotility
Clinical studies have not found conclusive evidence that anti-diabetic drugs reduce macrovascular risk
Loss of efficacy following prolonged use possible; if no contributing factors, to explain loss of efficacy identified, consider discontinuing therapy; additional antidiabetic therapy will be required
Drug interactions overview
- The hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas may be potentiated by certain drugs including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, some azoles, and other drugs that are highly protein bound, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, probenecid, coumarins, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, quinolones and beta adrenergic blocking agents; conversely, certain drugs tend to produce hyperglycemia and may lead to loss of control, including thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blocking drugs, and isoniazid; when coadministering glipizide with such drugs, patient should be observed closely for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia; when such drugs are withdrawn, observe patient closely for loss of control
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
Available data from a small number of published studies and postmarketing experience with in pregnancy over decades have not identified any drug associated risks for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal outcomes
However, sulfonylureas (including glipizide) cross the placenta and have been associated with neonatal adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia; therefore, therapy should be discontinued at least two weeks before expected delivery; poorly-controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and delivery complications; poorly controlled diabetes increases fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia related morbidity
Neonates of women with gestational diabetes who are treated with sulfonylureas during pregnancy may be at increased risk for neonatal intensive care admission and may develop respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, birth injury, and be large for gestational age; prolonged severe hypoglycemia, lasting 4-10 days, has been reported in neonates born to mothers receiving a sulfonylurea at the time of delivery and has been reported with the use of agents with a prolonged half-life; observe newborns for symptoms of hypoglycemia and respiratory distress and manage accordingly
Due to reports of prolonged severe hypoglycemia in neonates born to mothers receiving a sulfonylurea at time of delivery, therapy should be discontinued at least two weeks before expected delivery
Animal data
- No effects on embryofetal development reported in animal studies following administration of drug to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses 833 times and 8 times the human dose based on body surface area, respectively; however, increased pup mortality was observed in rats administered glipizide from gestation day 15 throughout lactation at doses 2 times the maximum human dose based on body surface area
Lactation
Breastfed infants of lactating women on therapy should be monitored for symptoms of hypoglycemia; although glipizide was undetectable in human milk in one small clinical lactation study; this result is not conclusive because of limitations of assay used in the study; there are no data on effects of glipizide on milk production; the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for therapy and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from therapy or from the underlying maternal condition
Monitor breastfed infants for signs of hypoglycemia (e.g., jitters, cyanosis, apnea, hypothermia, excessive sleepiness, poor feeding, seizures)
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Initial effect to increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells; may also decrease rate of hepatic glucose production and increase insulin receptor sensitivity
Absorption
Bioavailability: 100% (Glucotrol)
Onset: Initial effect (30 min); max effect: (2-3 hr) (Glucotrol)
Duration: 12-24 hr (Glucotrol)
Peak plasma time: 1-3 hr (IR); 6-12 hr (ER)
Distribution
Protein bound: 99% (Glucotrol)
Vd: 10-11 L (Glucotrol)
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in liver to inactive metabolites
Metabolites: Hydroxycyclohexyl derivatives (inactive)
Elimination
Half-life: 2-5 hr (Glucotrol)
Excretion: Urine (63-90%); feces: (10%)
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 2.5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 2.5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 2.5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 10 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 5 mg tablet |  | |
| glipizide oral - | 2.5 mg tablet |  | |
| Glucotrol XL oral - | 5 mg tablet | | |
| Glucotrol XL oral - | 2.5 mg tablet | | |
| Glucotrol XL oral - | 10 mg tablet | |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
glipizide oral
GLIPIZIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLET - ORAL
(GLIP-i-zide)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Glucotrol XL
USES: Glipizide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Glipizide belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It lowers blood sugar by causing the release of your body's natural insulin.
HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start taking glipizide and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth with breakfast as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.To reduce your risk of side effects, your doctor may direct you to start this medication at a low dose and gradually increase your dose. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully.If you are already taking another diabetes drug (such as chlorpropamide), follow your doctor's directions carefully for stopping the old drug and starting glipizide.Swallow the tablets whole. Do not crush or chew the tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects.Colesevelam can decrease the absorption of glipizide. If you are taking colesevelam, take glipizide at least 4 hours before taking colesevelam.Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens (your blood sugar is too high or too low).
SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, upset stomach, gas, headache, and weight gain may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.An empty tablet shell may appear in your stool. This effect is harmless because your body has already absorbed the medication.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: signs of infection (such as sore throat that doesn't go away, fever), easy bleeding/bruising, stomach pain, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine, unusual tiredness/weakness, unusual/sudden weight gain, mental/mood changes, swelling hands/feet, seizures.This medication can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This may occur if you do not consume enough calories from food or if you do unusually heavy exercise. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, rapidly raise your blood sugar by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink fruit juice or non-diet soda. Tell your doctor right away about the reaction and the use of this product. To help prevent low blood sugar, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to find out what you should do if you miss a meal.Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) include thirst, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, flushing, rapid breathing, and fruity breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away. Your dosage may need to be increased.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before taking glipizide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: liver disease, kidney disease, thyroid disease, certain hormonal conditions (adrenal/pituitary insufficiency, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone-SIADH), electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia), stomach/intestine problems (such as gastrointestinal stenosis or stricture, impaired emptying).You may experience blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness due to extremely low or high blood sugar. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.Limit alcohol while taking this medication because it can increase your risk of developing low blood sugar. Alcohol can rarely interact with glipizide and cause a serious reaction (disulfiram-like reaction) with symptoms such as facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or stomach pain. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about the safe use of alcohol.It may be harder to control your blood sugar when your body is stressed (such as due to fever, infection, injury, or surgery). Consult your doctor because this may require a change in your treatment plan, medications, or blood sugar testing.This medication may make you more sensitive to the sun. Limit your time in the sun. Avoid tanning booths and sunlamps. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors. Tell your doctor right away if you get sunburned or have skin blisters/redness.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially low blood sugar.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Pregnancy may cause or worsen diabetes. Discuss a plan with your doctor for managing your blood sugar while pregnant. Your doctor may substitute insulin for this drug during pregnancy. If glipizide is used, it may be switched to insulin at least 2 weeks before the expected delivery date because of glipizide's risk of causing low blood sugar in your newborn. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. However, similar drugs pass into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: See also How to Use section.Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Many drugs can affect your blood sugar, making it harder to control. Before you start, stop, or change any medication, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how the medication may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor. Tell your doctor right away if you have symptoms of high or low blood sugar. (See also Side Effects section.) Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.Beta-blocker medications (including metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast/pounding heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar such as dizziness, hunger, or sweating are unaffected by these drugs.Check the labels on all your medicines (such as cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that could affect your blood sugar. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: shakiness, fast heartbeat, sweating, loss of consciousness.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Attend a diabetes education program to learn more about how to manage your diabetes with medications, diet, exercise, and regular medical exams.Learn the symptoms of high and low blood sugar and how to treat low blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed.Lab and/or medical tests (such as liver/kidney function, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood counts) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.
MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).
Information last revised December 2022. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
Formulary
Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.
Adding plans allows you to:
- View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
- Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
- Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
- Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.
