Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injectable suspension
- 100units/mL (3mL)
- 100units/mL (10mL)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Suggested guidelines for beginning dose
- Usual daily maintenance range is 0.5-1 unit/kg/day SC in divided doses; nonobese may require 0.4-0.6 unit/kg/day; obese may require 0.8-1.2 units/kg/day
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Suggested guidelines for beginning dose: 0.2 unit/kg/day
Morning
- Give two thirds of daily insulin SC
- Ratio of regular insulin to NPH insulin 1:2
Evening
- Give one third of daily insulin SC
- Ratio of regular insulin to NPH insulin 1:1
Dosing Considerations
Dosage of human insulin, which is always expressed in USP units, must be based on the results of blood and urine glucose tests and must be carefully individualized to optimal effect
Dose adjustments should be based on regular blood glucose testing
Adjust to achieve appropriate glucose control
Blood sugar patterns (>3 days)
- Look for consistent pattern in blood sugars for >3 days
- For the same time each day: Compare blood glucose level
- For each time of day: Calculate blood glucose range
- Calculate median blood glucose
- Consider eating and activity patterns during day
Blood glucose adjustments
- Adjust only 1 insulin dose at a time
- Correct hypoglycemia first
- Correct highest blood sugars next
- If all blood sugars are high (within 2.75 mmol/L [50 mg/dL]): Correct morning fasting blood glucose first
- Change insulin doses in small increments: Type 1 diabetes (1-2 unit change); type 2 diabetes (2-3 unit change)
Sliding scales
- Many sliding scales exist to determine exact insulin dose based on frequent blood glucose monitoring
- Commonly written for q4hr blood glucose test
- Sliding scale coverage usually begins after blood glucose >11 mmol/L (200 mg/dL)
- If coverage is needed q4hr x 24 hr, then base insulin dose is adjusted first; sliding scale doses may be adjusted upwards as well
Administration
Administer within 15 minutes before a meal or immediately after a meal
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injectable suspension
- 100units/mL (3mL)
- 100units/mL (10mL)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
<12 years: Safety and efficacy not established
>12 years: Suggested dose is 0.5-1 unit/kg/day SC; use adult dosing; usual daily maintenance range in adolescents is ≤1.2 units/kg/day during growth spurts
Dosing considerations
- Dosage of human insulin, which is always expressed in USP units, must be based on the results of blood and urine glucose tests and must be carefully individualized to optimal effect
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (1)
- pramlintide
insulin NPH, pramlintide. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Contraindicated. Must be administered separately.
Serious - Use Alternative (2)
- ethanol
ethanol, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Alcohol may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; alcohol may decrease endogenous glucose production (increased hypoglycemia risk) or worsen glycemic control by adding calories.
- macimorelin
insulin NPH, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that may transiently elevate growth hormone (GH) concentrations may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin.
Monitor Closely (128)
- acarbose
acarbose, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- albiglutide
albiglutide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- alogliptin
alogliptin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- aripiprazole
aripiprazole, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- asenapine
asenapine, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- aspirin
aspirin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
- atazanavir
atazanavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- azilsartan
azilsartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- benazepril
benazepril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced hypoglycemic effects; Monitor blood glucose.
- bexagliflozin
bexagliflozin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with bexagliflozin.
- bitter melon
bitter melon increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- canagliflozin
insulin NPH, canagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with canagliflozin.
canagliflozin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - candesartan
candesartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- captopril
captopril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose.
- chlorpropamide
chlorpropamide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- cinnamon
cinnamon increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.
- ciprofibrate
ciprofibrate increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- clozapine
clozapine, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- dapagliflozin
insulin NPH, dapagliflozin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with dapagliflozin.
dapagliflozin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - darunavir
darunavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- deflazacort
insulin NPH and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dexfenfluramine
dexfenfluramine increases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Dexfenfluramine enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissue, increasing risk of hypoglycemia.
- dichlorphenamide
dichlorphenamide and insulin NPH both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
- disopyramide
disopyramide increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and disopyramide may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- dulaglutide
dulaglutide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- empagliflozin
empagliflozin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with SGLT2 inhibitors.
- enalapril
enalapril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- eprosartan
eprosartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- ertugliflozin
ertugliflozin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with ertugliflozin.
- ethinylestradiol
ethinylestradiol decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
- exenatide injectable solution
exenatide injectable solution, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- exenatide injectable suspension
exenatide injectable suspension, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- fenfluramine
fenfluramine increases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Fenfluramine enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissue, increasing risk of hypoglycemia.
- fenofibrate
fenofibrate increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fenofibrate micronized
fenofibrate micronized increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- fleroxacin
fleroxacin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- fluoxetine
fluoxetine increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and fluoxetine may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- fosinopril
fosinopril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- gemfibrozil
gemfibrozil increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypoglycemia; increased risk in hypoalbuminemia.
- gemifloxacin
gemifloxacin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- glimepiride
glimepiride, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- glipizide
glipizide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- glucagon
glucagon decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- glucagon intranasal
glucagon intranasal decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- glyburide
glyburide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- iloperidone
iloperidone, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- imidapril
imidapril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- indinavir
indinavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- irbesartan
irbesartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- isocarboxazid
isocarboxazid increases effects of insulin NPH by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketotifen, ophthalmic
ketotifen, ophthalmic, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may result in thrombocytopenia (rare). Monitor CBC.
- lanreotide
lanreotide increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- levofloxacin
levofloxacin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- linagliptin
linagliptin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- linezolid
linezolid increases effects of insulin NPH by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- liraglutide
liraglutide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- lisinopril
lisinopril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lithium
lithium, insulin NPH. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lithium salts may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.
- lonapegsomatropin
lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.
lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone. - lopinavir
lopinavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- losartan
losartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- lurasidone
lurasidone, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- magnesium salicylate
magnesium salicylate increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
- marijuana
marijuana decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- mecasermin
mecasermin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypoglycemic effects.
- metformin
metformin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- metoclopramide intranasal
metoclopramide intranasal increases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Increased GI motility by metoclopramide may increase delivery of food to the intestines and increase blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose and adjust insulin dosage regimen as needed.
- metreleptin
insulin NPH, metreleptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of metreleptin with insulin and/or insulin secretagogues (eg, sulfonylureas, meglitinide derivatives) may increase risk for hypoglycemia; may require lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue.
- miglitol
miglitol, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- moexipril
moexipril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- moxifloxacin
moxifloxacin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- nadolol
nadolol, insulin NPH. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- nateglinide
nateglinide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- nelfinavir
nelfinavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- niacin
niacin decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and niacin may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- octreotide
octreotide increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.
- olanzapine
olanzapine, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- olmesartan
olmesartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- opuntia ficus indica
opuntia ficus indica increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- paliperidone
paliperidone, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- pasireotide
pasireotide increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- pentamidine
pentamidine, insulin NPH. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Pentamidine may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia followed by the opposing effect. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.
- perindopril
perindopril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenelzine
phenelzine increases effects of insulin NPH by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pindolol
pindolol, insulin NPH. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- pioglitazone
insulin NPH increases toxicity of pioglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
pioglitazone, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - procarbazine
procarbazine increases effects of insulin NPH by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- propranolol
propranolol, insulin NPH. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- quetiapine
quetiapine, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- quinapril
quinapril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ramipril
ramipril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rasagiline
rasagiline increases effects of insulin NPH by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- risperidone
risperidone, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
- ritonavir
ritonavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- rosiglitazone
insulin NPH increases toxicity of rosiglitazone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Insulin may increase the fluid retention associated with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-gamma agonists).
rosiglitazone, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents. - sacubitril/valsartan
sacubitril/valsartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- salsalate
salsalate increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
- saquinavir
saquinavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- saxagliptin
saxagliptin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- selegiline
selegiline increases effects of insulin NPH by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- semaglutide
semaglutide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with GLP-1 agonists may increase hypoglycemia risk. Lowering the insulin dose may reduce hypoglycemia risk.
- shark cartilage
shark cartilage increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Theoretical interaction.
- sitagliptin
sitagliptin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride
sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.
- sodium sulfate/potassium chloride/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol
insulin NPH and sodium sulfate/potassium chloride/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate
sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.
- somapacitan
somapacitan decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone.
- somatrogon
somatrogon decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone.
- somatropin
somatropin decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone.
- sotagliflozin
sotagliflozin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Hypoglycemia risk increased. Lower dose of insulin may be required.
- sulfadiazine
sulfadiazine increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- sulfamethoxypyridazine
sulfamethoxypyridazine increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- sulfisoxazole
sulfisoxazole increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- telmisartan
telmisartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- testosterone intranasal
testosterone intranasal increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.
- timolol
timolol, insulin NPH. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Non selective beta blockers delay recovery of normoglycemia after insulin induced hypoglycemia; however, they also inhibit insulin secretion, so long term beta blocker Tx may result in reduced glucose tolerance. Insulin induced hypoglycemia may induce hypertension during non selective beta blocker Tx.
- tipranavir
tipranavir decreases effects of insulin NPH by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
- tolazamide
tolazamide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- tolbutamide
tolbutamide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
- trandolapril
trandolapril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tranylcypromine
tranylcypromine increases effects of insulin NPH by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension
triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.
- valsartan
valsartan increases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
- xipamide
xipamide decreases levels of insulin NPH by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ziprasidone
ziprasidone, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
Minor (77)
- agrimony
agrimony increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- American ginseng
American ginseng increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amitriptyline
amitriptyline increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- amoxapine
amoxapine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- anamu
anamu increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- balsalazide
balsalazide increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- bendroflumethiazide
bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- bexarotene
bexarotene increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- budesonide
budesonide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- chlorothiazide
chlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- chlorthalidone
chlorthalidone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- chromium
chromium increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clomipramine
clomipramine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clonidine
clonidine, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.
clonidine decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia. - coenzyme Q10
coenzyme Q10 increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Monitor insulin requirements.
- cornsilk
cornsilk increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- cortisone
cortisone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- cyclopenthiazide
cyclopenthiazide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- damiana
damiana decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- danazol
danazol increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- deflazacort
deflazacort decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- desipramine
desipramine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- devil's claw
devil's claw increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dexamethasone
dexamethasone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- diflunisal
diflunisal increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- doxepin
doxepin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- elderberry
elderberry increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (in vitro research).
- eucalyptus
eucalyptus increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.
- fludrocortisone
fludrocortisone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fluoxymesterone
fluoxymesterone increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fo-ti
fo-ti increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- forskolin
forskolin increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Colenol, a compound found in Coleus root, may stimulate insulin release.
- gotu kola
gotu kola increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- guanfacine
guanfacine, insulin NPH. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.
guanfacine decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia. - gymnema
gymnema increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- horse chestnut seed
horse chestnut seed increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- hydrochlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- imipramine
imipramine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- indapamide
indapamide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- isoniazid
isoniazid decreases effects of insulin NPH by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- juniper
juniper increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- lofepramine
lofepramine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lycopus
lycopus increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).
- maitake
maitake increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (animal research).
- maprotiline
maprotiline increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- mesalamine
mesalamine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- mesterolone
mesterolone increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- methylprednisolone
methylprednisolone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- methyltestosterone
methyltestosterone increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- metolazone
metolazone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.
- nettle
nettle increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- nortriptyline
nortriptyline increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- ofloxacin
ofloxacin, insulin NPH. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential dysglycemia.
- oxandrolone
oxandrolone increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- oxymetholone
oxymetholone increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- panax ginseng
panax ginseng increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pegvisomant
pegvisomant increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- potassium acid phosphate
potassium acid phosphate increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium chloride
potassium chloride increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- potassium citrate
potassium citrate increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.
- prednisolone
prednisolone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- prednisone
prednisone decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- protriptyline
protriptyline increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sage
sage increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- salicylates (non-asa)
salicylates (non-asa) increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- Siberian ginseng
Siberian ginseng increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sulfasalazine
sulfasalazine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
- testosterone
testosterone increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone buccal system
testosterone buccal system increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- testosterone topical
testosterone topical increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- tongkat ali
tongkat ali increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia.
- trazodone
trazodone increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- trimipramine
trimipramine increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- vanadium
vanadium increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- willow bark
willow bark increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Large dose of salicylate.
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Hypoglycemia
Lipodystrophy
Lipohypertrophy
Local allergic reaction
Hypokalemia
Muscle weakness
Paresthesia
Tremor
Edema
Pain
Itching
Nausea
Hunger
Numbness of mouth
Postmarketing Reports
Localized cutaneous amyloidosis
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypoglycemia
Documented hypersensitivity reactions to product or excipients
Cautions
Never share pen between patients even if needle is changed
Intermediate-acting insulin; do not use for circumstances that require rapid-acting insulin
Caution with decreased insulin requirements: Diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, malabsorption, hypothyroidism, renal impairment, hepatic impairment
Hypokalemia may occur
Not for IV or IM administration
Use with caution in renal and hepatic impairment (dosage requirements may be reduced)
Caution with increased insulin requirements: Fever, hyperthyroidism, trauma, infection, surgery
Thiazolidinediones are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists and can cause dose-related fluid retention, particularly when used in combination with insulin; fluid retention may lead to or exacerbate heart failure; monitor for signs and symptoms of heart failure, treat accordingly, and consider discontinuing thiazolidinediones
When hyper-or hypoglycemia occurs, carry out changes in insulin regimen under close medical supervision; increase frequency of blood glucose monitoring
Accidental mix-ups between insulin products reported; to avoid medication errors between this and other insulins, instruct patients to always check insulin label before each injection
Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia with changes in insulin regimen
- Hypoglycemia may be life-threatening; increase frequency of blood glucose monitoring with changes to: insulin dosage, co-administered glucose lowering medications, meal pattern, physical activity; in patients with renal or hepatic impairment; and in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness
- Changes in insulin, insulin strength, manufacturer, type, or method of administration may affect glycemic control and predispose to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
- Changes should be made cautiously and only under close medical supervision and frequency of blood glucose monitoring should be increased
- Repeated insulin injections into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis reported to result in hyperglycemia; a sudden change in the injection site (to unaffected area) has been reported to result in hypoglycemia
- Make any changes to a patient’s insulin regimen under close medical supervision with increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring
- Advise patients who have repeatedly injected into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis to change injection site to unaffected areas and closely monitor for hypoglycemia
- For patients with type 2 diabetes, dosage adjustments in concomitant oral antidiabetic treatment may be needed
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
Available data from published studies over decades have not established association with human insulin use during pregnancy and major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal Outcomes; there are risks to mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy; animal reproduction studies were not performed
Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and delivery complications; poorly controlled diabetes increases fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia-related morbidity
Lactation
Available data from published literature suggests that exogenous human insulin products, are transferred into human milk; there are no adverse reactions reported in breastfed infants in the literature; there are no data on effects of exogenous human insulin products, on milk production; the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for therapy, and any potential adverse effects on breastfed infant from drug, or from underlying maternal condition
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Regulates glucose metabolism
Insulin and its analogues lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production; insulin inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis and enhances protein synthesis; targets include skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue
Insulin NPH and insulin regular is a combination insulin product with intermediate action that has more rapid onset than that of insulin NPH alone
Absorption
Bioavailability (IM, SC, IP): Well absorbed
Onset: 1-1.5 hr (a combination insulin product, insulin NPH and insulin regular, also has intermediate action, but it has a more rapid onset than does insulin NPH alone); 4-12 hr peak effect
Duration: 14-24 hr
Peak plasma time: 6-10 hr
Distribution
Protein bound: 5% (not bound to serum binding protein, but present as a monomer in plasma)
Vd: 0.15 L/kg
Elimination
Excretion: Urine
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Humulin N NPH (isophane) U-100 Insulin KwikPen subcutaneous - | 100 unit/mL (3 mL) insulin pen |  | |
| Humulin N NPH U-100 Insulin (isophane susp) subcutaneous - | 100 unit/mL vial |  | |
| Humulin N NPH U-100 Insulin (isophane susp) subcutaneous - | 100 unit/mL vial |  | |
| Novolin N NPH U-100 Insulin isophane suspension subcutaneous - | 100 unit/mL vial |  |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
insulin NPH isophane U-100 human subcutaneous
INSULIN HUMAN ISOPHANE SUSPENSION - INJECTION
(IN-sue-lin HYOO-muhn EYE-sew-fane)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Humulin N, Novolin N
USES: Insulin isophane is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke.This man-made insulin product is the same as human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. It is an intermediate-acting insulin (isophane). It starts to work more slowly but lasts longer than regular insulin. Insulin isophane works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. Insulin isophane is often used in combination with a shorter-acting insulin. It may also be used alone or with other oral diabetes drugs (such as metformin).
HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using insulin isophane and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor, diabetes educator, or pharmacist.Learn all preparation and usage instructions from your health care professional and the product package.Before using, gently roll the vial or cartridge, turning it upside down and right side up 10 times to mix the medication. Do not shake the container. Check this product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the insulin. Insulin isophane should look evenly cloudy/milky after mixing. Do not use if you see clumps of white material, a "frosty" appearance, or particles stuck to the sides of the vial or cartridge.Before injecting each dose, clean the injection site with rubbing alcohol. Change where you inject each time to lessen the risk of problems or damage under the skin (for example, pits/lumps or thickened skin). Inject this medication under the skin as directed by your doctor, usually once or twice a day. This insulin product may be injected in the stomach area, the thigh, the buttocks, or the back of the upper arm. Do not inject into a vein or muscle because very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) may occur. Do not rub the area after the injection. Do not inject into skin that is red, swollen, itchy, or damaged. Do not inject cold insulin because this can be painful. The insulin container you are currently using can be kept at room temperature.This product may be mixed only with certain other insulin products such as insulin regular. Always draw the insulin regular into the syringe first, then follow with the longer-acting insulin. Never inject a mixture of different insulins into a vein. Consult your health care professional about which products may be mixed, the proper method for mixing insulin, and the proper way to inject mixtures of insulin. Do not mix insulins if you are using an insulin pump.Do not change brands or types of insulin without directions on how to do so from your doctor.Do not share your pen device with another person, even if the needle is changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them. Learn how to store and discard medical supplies safely.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Measure each dose very carefully because even small changes in the amount of insulin may have a large effect on your blood sugar.Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Keep track of your results and share them with your doctor. This is very important in order to determine the correct insulin dose.Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, use it at the same time each day.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens (your blood sugar is too high or too low).
SIDE EFFECTS: Injection site reactions (such as pain, redness, irritation) or weight gain may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: signs of low potassium level in the blood (such as muscle cramps, weakness, irregular heartbeat).This medication can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This may occur if you do not consume enough calories from food or if you do unusually heavy exercise. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, rapidly raise your blood sugar by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink fruit juice or non-diet soda. Tell your doctor right away about the reaction and the use of this product. To help prevent low blood sugar, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to find out what you should do if you miss a meal.Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) include increased thirst/urination. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away. Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before using insulin isophane, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other insulins; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Do not use this medication when you have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: adrenal/pituitary gland problems, kidney disease, liver disease, thyroid problems.You may experience blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness due to extremely low or high blood sugar. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.Limit alcohol while using this medication because it can increase your risk of developing low blood sugar.It may be harder to control your blood sugar when your body is stressed (such as due to fever, infection, injury, or surgery). Consult your doctor because this may require a change in your treatment plan, medications, or blood sugar testing.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Check your blood sugar before and after exercise. You may need a snack before exercising.If traveling across time zones, ask your doctor about how to adjust your insulin schedule. Take extra insulin and supplies with you.Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially low blood sugar.Children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially low blood sugar.Tell your doctor right away if you are pregnant. Pregnancy may cause or worsen diabetes. Discuss a plan with your doctor for managing your blood sugar while pregnant. Your doctor may change your diabetes treatment during your pregnancy (such as diet and medications including insulin).This medication passes into breast milk, but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. Your insulin needs may change while breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.A product that may interact with this drug is: repaglinide.Beta-blocker medications (such as metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast/pounding heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar, such as dizziness, hunger, or sweating, are unaffected by these drugs.Many drugs can affect your blood sugar levels, making it more difficult to control your blood sugar. Before you start, stop, or change any medication, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how the medication may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor about the results and of any symptoms of high or low blood sugar. (See also Side Effects section.) Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: signs of low blood sugar such as sweating, shakiness, loss of consciousness, fast heartbeat.
NOTES: Do not share this medication, needles, or syringes with others.Attend a diabetes education program to learn more about how to manage your diabetes with medications, diet, exercise, and regular medical exams.Learn the symptoms of high and low blood sugar and how to treat low blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor.Lab and/or medical tests (such as liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood counts) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments.Keep extra supplies of insulin, syringes, and needles on hand.
MISSED DOSE: It is very important to follow your insulin regimen exactly. Ask your doctor ahead of time what you should do if you miss a dose of insulin.
STORAGE: Different brands of this medication have different storage needs. Check the product package for instructions on how to store your brand, or ask your pharmacist. Protect insulin from light and heat. Do not store in the bathroom. Do not freeze, and do not use insulin that has been frozen. Throw away all insulin products after the expiration date on the package, or after the specified number of days after it has been opened or kept at room temperature, whichever date is earlier. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).
Information last revised September 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
