Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
liquid
- 1mg/5mL
- 1mg/7.5mL
suspension
- 1mg/7.5mL
tablet
- 2mg
capsule
- 2mg
tablet chewable
- 2mg
Acute Diarrhea
4 mg initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool; not to exceed 16 mg/day (8 mg/day for self-medication); discontinue if no improvement seen within 48 hours
Chronic Diarrhea
4 mg initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool until controlled, and then 4-8 mg/day in divided doses
Traveler's Diarrhea
4 mg after first loose stool, then 2 mg after each subsequent stool; not to exceed 8 mg/day
Dosage Forms & Strengths
liquid
- 1mg/5mL
- 1mg/7.5mL
suspension
- 1mg7.5mL
tablet
- 2mg
capsule
- 2mg
tablet chewable
- 2mg
Acute Diarrhea
First Day of Treatment
- 2-6 years (13-20 kg): 1 mg q8hr PO
- 6-8 years: (20-30 kg): 2 mg q12hr PO
- 8-12 years (>30 kg): 2 mg q8hr PO
Second & Subsequent Doses
Chronic Diarrhea
0.08-0.24 mg/kg/day PO divided q12hr
Traveler's Diarrhea
<6 years: Safety and efficacy not established
6-8 years: 2 mg after first loose stool, then 1 mg after each subsequent stool; not to exceed 4 mg/day
8-12 years: 2 mg after first loose stool, then 1 mg after each subsequent stool; not to exceed 6 mg/day
>12 years: 4 mg after first loose stool, then 2 mg after each subsequent stool; not to exceed 8 mg/day
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Dizziness
Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Nausea
Dry mouth
Angioedema
Bullous eruptions
Flatulence
Rash
Postmarketing Reports
Pancreatitis
QT/QTc interval prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, other ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, syncope, and death
Warnings
Black Box Warnings
Torsades de Pointes and sudden death
- Cases of Torsades de Pointes, cardiac arrest, and death reported with use of higher than recommended dosages
- Contraindicated in patients < 2 years
- Avoid dosages higher than recommended in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older due to risk of serious cardiac adverse reactions
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, bloody diarrhea, high fever, infectious diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis
Patients in whom constipation must be avoided
Abdominal pain without diarrhea
Avoid use as primary therapy with acute dysentery (bloody stools and high fever, acute ulcerative colitis, bacterial enterocolitis [caused by Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter), pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic use)
Age <2 years
Cautions
May cause drowsiness or dizziness, which may impair physical abilities to operate heavy machinery or tasks requiring mental alertness
Hypersensitivity reactions reported, including anaphylaxis, rash, urticaria, and rare cases of Steven’s Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
Discontinue if no improvement seen within 48 hours in patients with acute diarrhea, symptoms worsen, or abdominal swelling or bulging develops
Discontinue promptly if constipation, abdominal pain or distention, blood in stool, or ileus develops; do not use when peristalsis inhibition should be avoided (ie, due to potential for ileus, megacolon, or toxic megacolon)
Discontinue therapy if symptoms of abdominal distention occur in patients with AIDS; cases of toxic megacolon reported with infectious colitis, resulting from viral or bacterial pathogens
Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment due to reduced first pass metabolism; monitor for signs of CNS toxicity
Use of higher than recommended doses or abuse of loperamide can result in serious cardiac adverse events, including QT interval prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, or other ventricular arrhythmias, syncope, and cardiac arrest; in cases of abuse, individuals often use other drugs together with loperamide in attempts to increase its absorption and penetration across the blood-brain barrier, inhibit loperamide metabolism, and enhance its euphoric effects
Dehydration, particularly in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age, may further influence variability of response to loperamide
Avoid loperamide in combination with drugs or herbal products known to prolong QT interval, including Class 1A (e.g., quinidine, procainamide) or Class III (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol) antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, haloperidol, thioridazine, ziprasidone), antibiotics (e.g., moxifloxacin), or any other drug known to prolong the QT interval (e.g., pentamidine, methadone)
Avoid administering therapy to patients with risk factors for QT prolongation, including patients with congenital long QT syndrome, with a history of cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiac conditions, elderly patients and those with electrolyte abnormalities
Patients with a history of abnormal heart rhythm or liver disease, should ask their healthcare provider before using the product; taking more than directed can cause serious heart problems or death
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy category: B
Lactation: Not known if distributed in breast milk; use caution
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Slows intestinal motility through opioid receptor; has direct effects on circular and longitudinal muscle; reduces fecal volume; increases viscosity
Absorption
Bioavailability: 0.3%
Onset: 1-3 hr
Duration: 41 hr
Peak plasma time: 5 hr (capsule); 2.5 hr (liquid)
Distribution
Poor penetration through blood-brain barrier
Metabolism
Significant first-pass metabolism, resulting in very low plasma level of drug
Metabolites: Glucuronide (inactive)
Elimination
Elimination half-life: 7-14 hr
Excretion: Feces (30-40%), urine (1%)
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diamode oral - | 2 mg tablet |  | |
| loperamide oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| loperamide oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| loperamide oral - | 1 mg/7.5 mL liquid |  | |
| loperamide oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| loperamide oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| loperamide oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| Imodium A-D oral - | 1 mg/7.5 mL liquid |  | |
| Imodium A-D oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| Imodium A-D oral - | 1 mg/7.5 mL liquid |  | |
| Anti-Diarrheal (loperamide) oral - | 2 mg tablet |  | |
| Anti-Diarrheal (loperamide) oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| Anti-Diarrheal (loperamide) oral - | 2 mg capsule |  | |
| Anti-Diarrheal (loperamide) oral - | 2 mg tablet |  | |
| Anti-Diarrheal (loperamide) oral - | 1 mg/7.5 mL liquid |  | |
| Anti-Diarrheal (loperamide) oral - | 2 mg tablet |  |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
loperamide oral
LOPERAMIDE - ORAL
(low-PAIR-uh-mide)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Imodium
WARNING: Improper use of this medication (overuse or abuse) may cause serious harm, such as fast/irregular heartbeat or death. Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or take it for longer than directed. Taking loperamide with certain other medications may also cause harm. See also Precautions, Drug Interactions, and Overdose sections.This medication should not be used by children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects (such as slow/shallow breathing, fast/irregular heartbeat).
USES: See also Warning section.This medication is used to treat sudden diarrhea (including traveler's diarrhea). It works by slowing down the movement of the gut. This decreases the number of bowel movements and makes the stool less watery. Loperamide is also used to reduce the amount of discharge in patients who have undergone an ileostomy. It is also used to treat on-going diarrhea in people with inflammatory bowel disease.Loperamide treats only the symptoms, not the cause of the diarrhea (such as infection). Treatment of other symptoms and the cause of the diarrhea should be determined by your doctor.
HOW TO USE: See also Warning section.If you are using the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read all the directions on the product package before taking this medication. If your doctor has prescribed this medication, follow your doctor's directions and the directions on your prescription label.Take this medication by mouth, usually after each loose stool, or as directed by your doctor. The dosage is based on your condition and response to treatment. In children, dosage is also based on age and weight. Adults should not use more than 8 milligrams in 24 hours if self-treating, or 16 milligrams in 24 hours if under a doctor's direction.If you are taking the chewable tablet, take this medication on an empty stomach. The chewable tablets should be chewed thoroughly before swallowing.If you are using the rapidly dissolving tablets, dry your hands before opening the blister pack to carefully remove a tablet. Do not push the tablet through the blister pack. Place the tablet on the tongue, allow it to dissolve completely, then swallow it with saliva. Do not crush, split, or break the tablet before taking it. Do not remove the tablet from the blister pack until just before taking. No water is needed to take this medication.Diarrhea can cause dehydration. Drink plenty of fluids and minerals (electrolytes) to replace what is lost. Tell your doctor right away if you develop signs of dehydration (such as extreme thirst, decreased urination, muscle cramps, weakness, fainting). You may also need to change to a bland diet during this time to reduce irritation to your stomach/intestines. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information.Tell your doctor if your diarrhea does not improve after 2 days, if your condition worsens, or if you develop new symptoms. If you develop blood in the stool, fever, or an uncomfortable fullness/swelling of the stomach/abdomen, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.If you are taking this medication under your doctor's direction for ongoing diarrhea, tell your doctor if your diarrhea continues after 10 days of treatment.
SIDE EFFECTS: Dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness, or constipation may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor promptly.If your doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Stop taking this medication and get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: severe constipation/nausea/vomiting, stomach/abdominal pain, uncomfortable fullness of the stomach/abdomen, fast/irregular heartbeat, severe dizziness, fainting.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before taking loperamide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.If you have any of the following health problems, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this medication: stomach/abdominal pain without diarrhea, bowel obstruction (such as ileus, megacolon, abdominal distention), black/tarry stool, blood/mucus in your stool, high fever, HIV infection/AIDS, liver problems, certain stomach/intestinal infections (such as Salmonella, Shigella), certain type of bowel disease (acute ulcerative colitis).The rapidly dissolving tablets may contain aspartame or phenylalanine. If you have phenylketonuria (PKU) or any other condition that requires you to restrict your intake of aspartame or phenylalanine, consult your doctor or pharmacist regarding the safe use of this medicine.Antibiotics may rarely cause a severe intestinal condition due to a bacteria called C. difficile. Symptoms include: diarrhea that doesn't stop, abdominal or stomach pain/cramping, or blood/mucus in your stool. This condition may occur during treatment or weeks to months after treatment has stopped. This medication may make this condition worse. Do not use this anti-diarrhea product, especially after recent antibiotic use, if you have the above symptoms without talking with your doctor first.Loperamide may cause a condition that affects the heart rhythm (QT prolongation). QT prolongation can rarely cause serious (rarely fatal) fast/irregular heartbeat and other symptoms (such as severe dizziness, fainting) that need medical attention right away.The risk of QT prolongation may be increased if you have certain medical conditions or are taking other drugs that may cause QT prolongation. Before using loperamide, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the drugs you take and if you have any of the following conditions: certain heart problems (heart failure, slow heartbeat, QT prolongation in the EKG), family history of certain heart problems (QT prolongation in the EKG, sudden cardiac death).Low levels of potassium or magnesium in the blood may also increase your risk of QT prolongation. This risk may increase if you use certain drugs (such as diuretics/"water pills") or if you have conditions such as severe sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting. Talk to your doctor about using loperamide safely.This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially QT prolongation (see above).Children may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug, especially drowsiness. Children are also at a higher risk for dehydration. See also Warning and How to Use sections.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only if clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.This drug passes into breast milk but is unlikely to have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: pramlintide, recent/current antibiotic use, drugs that can cause constipation (including anticholinergics such as belladonna/scopolamine, antispasmodics such as glycopyrrolate/oxybutynin, potent opioid pain medicines such as morphine, certain antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline), cholestyramine, ritonavir, saquinavir.Many drugs besides loperamide may affect the heart rhythm (QT prolongation), including amiodarone, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, methadone, moxifloxacin, pentamidine, procainamide, quinidine, sotalol, thioridazine, ziprasidone, among others.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: difficult urination, slowed breathing, deep sleep, fast/irregular heartbeat, severe dizziness, fainting.
NOTES: If your doctor has prescribed this medication for you, do not share it with others.
MISSED DOSE: If you are taking this drug on a regular schedule (not "as needed") and you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
Information last revised March 2022. Copyright(c) 2022 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
