sitagliptin (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Januvia

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

tablet

  • 25mg
  • 50mg
  • 100mg

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

100 mg PO qDay

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment

  • eGFR ≥45 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2: No dosage adjustment necessary
  • eGFR 30 to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2: 50 mg PO qDay
  • eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2: 25 mg PO qDay
  • End-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: 25 mg PO qDay regardless of timing of dialysis

Hepatic impairment

  • Mild to moderate impairment: Dose adjustment not necessary
  • Severe impairment: Not studied

Dosing Considerations

Limitations of use

  • Should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes
  • Not studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis; unknown whether these patients are at increased risk for development of pancreatitis while using sitagliptin

Safety and efficacy not established

Three double-blind, placebo-controlled studies evaluated the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in patients (n=410) aged 10-17 years with uncontrolled T2DM, with or without insulin therapy; results showed effects of patients treated with sitagliptin were not significantly different from placebo

Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and sitagliptin

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            Contraindicated (0)

              Serious - Use Alternative (5)

              • erdafitinib

                erdafitinib will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration unavoidable, separate administration by at least 6 hr before or after administration of P-gp substrates with narrow therapeutic index.

              • ethanol

                ethanol, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Excessive EtOH consumption may alter glycemic control. Some sulfonylureas may produce a disulfiram like rxn.

              • lasmiditan

                lasmiditan increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • sotorasib

                sotorasib will decrease the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If use is unavoidable, refer to the prescribing information of the P-gp substrate for dosage modifications.

              • tepotinib

                tepotinib will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If concomitant use unavoidable, reduce the P-gp substrate dosage if recommended in its approved product labeling.

              Monitor Closely (79)

              • albiglutide

                albiglutide, sitagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

              • aripiprazole

                aripiprazole, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • asenapine

                asenapine, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • atazanavir

                atazanavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • benazepril

                sitagliptin increases toxicity of benazepril by Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of adverse/toxic effects, specifically, increased risk of angioedema.

              • berotralstat

                berotralstat will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor or titrate P-gp substrate dose if coadministered.

              • bexarotene

                bexarotene increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Based on the mechanism of action, bexarotene capsules may increase the action of insulin enhancing agents, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia has not been associated with bexarotene monotherapy.

              • bitter melon

                bitter melon increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

              • bosutinib

                bosutinib increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • captopril

                sitagliptin, captopril. Either increases effects of the other by Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of adverse/toxic effects, specifically increased risk of angioedema.

              • cinnamon

                cinnamon increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.

              • ciprofloxacin

                ciprofloxacin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hyper and hypoglycemia have been reported in patients treated concomitantly with quinolones and antidiabetic agents. Careful monitoring of blood glucose is recommended.

              • clozapine

                clozapine, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • crizotinib

                crizotinib increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • darunavir

                darunavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • dulaglutide

                dulaglutide, sitagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • elagolix

                elagolix will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • eliglustat

                eliglustat increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Monitor therapeutic drug concentrations, as indicated, or consider reducing the dosage of the P-gp substrate and titrate to clinical effect.

              • exenatide injectable solution

                exenatide injectable solution, sitagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

              • exenatide injectable suspension

                exenatide injectable suspension, sitagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

              • fleroxacin

                fleroxacin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

              • fosamprenavir

                fosamprenavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • fostamatinib

                fostamatinib will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of fostamatinib may increase concentrations of P-gp substrates. Monitor for toxicities of the P-gp substrate drug that may require dosage reduction when given concurrently with fostamatinib.

              • gemifloxacin

                gemifloxacin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

              • glecaprevir/pibrentasvir

                glecaprevir/pibrentasvir will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • iloperidone

                iloperidone, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • indinavir

                indinavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • insulin aspart

                sitagliptin, insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart

                sitagliptin, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin degludec

                sitagliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin degludec/insulin aspart

                sitagliptin, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin detemir

                sitagliptin, insulin detemir. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin glargine

                sitagliptin, insulin glargine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin glulisine

                sitagliptin, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin inhaled

                sitagliptin, insulin inhaled. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin isophane human/insulin regular human

                sitagliptin, insulin isophane human/insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin lispro

                sitagliptin, insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro

                sitagliptin, insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin NPH

                sitagliptin, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • insulin regular human

                sitagliptin, insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

              • istradefylline

                istradefylline will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Istradefylline 40 mg/day increased peak levels and AUC of P-gp substrates in clinical trials. Consider dose reduction of sensitive P-gp substrates.

              • ivacaftor

                ivacaftor increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Ivacaftor and its M1 metabolite has the potential to inhibit P-gp; may significantly increase systemic exposure to sensitive P-gp substrates with a narrow therapeutic index.

              • ketotifen, ophthalmic

                ketotifen, ophthalmic, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may result in thrombocytopenia (rare). Monitor CBC.

              • levofloxacin

                levofloxacin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

              • liraglutide

                liraglutide, sitagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

              • lomitapide

                lomitapide increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider reducing dose when used concomitantly with lomitapide.

              • lonafarnib

                lonafarnib will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Lonafarnib is a weak P-gp inhibitor. Monitor for adverse reactions if coadministered with P-gp substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. Reduce P-gp substrate dose if needed.

              • lonapegsomatropin

                lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.

                lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone.

              • lopinavir

                lopinavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • lurasidone

                lurasidone, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • marijuana

                marijuana decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • mecasermin

                mecasermin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypoglycemic effects.

              • mifepristone

                mifepristone will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Inhibits CYP2C8/2C9; use smallest recommended doses for substrates and monitor

              • moxifloxacin

                moxifloxacin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

              • nelfinavir

                nelfinavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • ofloxacin

                ofloxacin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Quinolone antibiotic administration may result in hyper- or hypoglycemia. Gatifloxacin is most likely to produce dysglycemia; moxifloxacin is least likely.

              • olanzapine

                olanzapine, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • opuntia ficus indica

                opuntia ficus indica increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • paliperidone

                paliperidone, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • ponatinib

                ponatinib increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • quetiapine

                quetiapine, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • risperidone

                risperidone, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              • ritonavir

                ritonavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • saquinavir

                saquinavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • sarecycline

                sarecycline will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for toxicities of P-gp substrates that may require dosage reduction when coadministered with P-gp inhibitors.

              • shark cartilage

                shark cartilage increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Theoretical interaction.

              • somapacitan

                somapacitan decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone.

              • somatrogon

                somatrogon decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone.

              • somatropin

                somatropin decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone (GH) analogs may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating growth hormone.

              • stiripentol

                stiripentol will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider reducing the dose of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates, if adverse reactions are experienced when administered concomitantly with stiripentol.

              • sulfamethoxypyridazine

                sulfamethoxypyridazine increases effects of sitagliptin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

              • tenofovir DF

                tenofovir DF, sitagliptin. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • teriflunomide

                teriflunomide increases levels of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Teriflunomide inhibits CYP2C8; caution when coadministered with CYP2C8 substrates.

              • tipranavir

                tipranavir decreases effects of sitagliptin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

              • triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

                triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.

              • tucatinib

                tucatinib will increase the level or effect of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider reducing the dosage of P-gp substrates, where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities.

              • vemurafenib

                vemurafenib increases levels of sitagliptin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • xipamide

                xipamide decreases levels of sitagliptin by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • ziprasidone

                ziprasidone, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

              Minor (75)

              • agrimony

                agrimony increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • American ginseng

                American ginseng increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • amitriptyline

                amitriptyline increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • amoxapine

                amoxapine increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • anamu

                anamu increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.

              • bendroflumethiazide

                bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • budesonide

                budesonide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • chlorothiazide

                chlorothiazide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • chlorpropamide

                sitagliptin, chlorpropamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia with combination is unknown.

              • chlorthalidone

                chlorthalidone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • chromium

                chromium increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • clomipramine

                clomipramine increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • clonidine

                clonidine decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.

                clonidine, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.

              • cornsilk

                cornsilk increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).

              • cortisone

                cortisone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • cyclopenthiazide

                cyclopenthiazide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • damiana

                damiana decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.

              • danazol

                danazol increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • deflazacort

                deflazacort decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • desipramine

                desipramine increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • devil's claw

                devil's claw increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • dexamethasone

                dexamethasone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • digoxin

                sitagliptin increases levels of digoxin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • doxepin

                doxepin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • elderberry

                elderberry increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (in vitro research).

              • eucalyptus

                eucalyptus increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction.

              • fludrocortisone

                fludrocortisone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • fluoxymesterone

                fluoxymesterone increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • fo-ti

                fo-ti increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • forskolin

                forskolin increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Colenol, a compound found in Coleus root, may stimulate insulin release.

              • glimepiride

                sitagliptin, glimepiride. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia with combination is unknown.

              • glipizide

                sitagliptin, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia with combination is unknown.

              • glyburide

                sitagliptin, glyburide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia with combination is unknown.

              • gotu kola

                gotu kola increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).

              • guanfacine

                guanfacine decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Diminished symptoms of hypoglycemia.

                guanfacine, sitagliptin. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Decreased symptoms of hypoglycemia. Mechanism: decreased hypoglycemia induced catecholamine production.

              • gymnema

                gymnema increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • horse chestnut seed

                horse chestnut seed increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • hydrochlorothiazide

                hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • hydrocortisone

                hydrocortisone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • imipramine

                imipramine increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • indapamide

                indapamide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • isoniazid

                isoniazid decreases effects of sitagliptin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • juniper

                juniper increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).

              • lofepramine

                lofepramine increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • lycopus

                lycopus increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (theoretical interaction).

              • maitake

                maitake increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hypoglycemia (animal research).

              • maprotiline

                maprotiline increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • mesterolone

                mesterolone increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • methyclothiazide

                methyclothiazide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • methylprednisolone

                methylprednisolone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • methyltestosterone

                methyltestosterone increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • metolazone

                metolazone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

              • nettle

                nettle increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).

              • nortriptyline

                nortriptyline increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • ofloxacin

                ofloxacin, sitagliptin. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential dysglycemia.

              • oxandrolone

                oxandrolone increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • oxymetholone

                oxymetholone increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • pegvisomant

                pegvisomant increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • potassium acid phosphate

                potassium acid phosphate increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.

              • potassium chloride

                potassium chloride increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.

              • potassium citrate

                potassium citrate increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction especially seen in the treatment of hypokalemia.

              • prednisolone

                prednisolone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • prednisone

                prednisone decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • protriptyline

                protriptyline increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • sage

                sage increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • stevia

                stevia increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • testosterone

                testosterone increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • testosterone buccal system

                testosterone buccal system increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • testosterone topical

                testosterone topical increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • tolazamide

                sitagliptin, tolazamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia with combination is unknown.

              • tolbutamide

                sitagliptin, tolbutamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia with combination is unknown.

              • tongkat ali

                tongkat ali increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypoglycemia.

              • trazodone

                trazodone increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • trimipramine

                trimipramine increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • vanadium

                vanadium increases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

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              Adverse Effects

              >10%

              Combination with insulin with or without metformin

              • Hypoglycemia (15.5%)

              Combination with glimepiride with or without metformin

              • Hypoglycemia (12.2%)

              1-10%

              Monotherapy

              • Nasopharyngitis (5.2%)
              • Upper respiratory tract infection (4.5%)
              • Headache (1.1%)

              Combination with pioglitazone

              • Upper respiratory tract infection (6.3%)
              • Headache (5.1%)

              Combination with metformin

              • Nasopharyngitis (6.2%)
              • Upper respiratory tract infection (5.9%)

              Combination with metformin and rosiglitazone

              • Nasopharyngitis (6.1%)
              • Upper respiratory tract infection (5.5%)

              Combination with glimepiride with or without metformin

              • Nasopharyngitis (6.3%)
              • Upper respiratory tract infection (5.9%)

              Postmarketing Reports

              Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, angioedema, rash, urticaria, cutaneous vasculitis, and exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome

              Hepatic enzyme elevations; acute pancreatitis, including fatal and nonfatal hemorrhagic and necrotizing pancreatitis

              Worsening renal function, including acute renal failure (sometimes requiring dialysis)

              Severe and disabling arthralgia

              Tubulointerstitial nephritis

              Constipation, vomiting

              Headache, myalgia, pain in extremity, back pain

              Rhabdomyolysis

              Pruritus

              Bullous pemphigoid

              Mouth ulceration; stomatitis

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              Warnings

              Contraindications

              Serious hypersensitivity to sitagliptin (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema)

              Cautions

              Acute pancreatitis reported, including fatal and nonfatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis; if pancreatitis suspected, discontinue promptly

              Acute renal failure reported, sometimes requiring dialysis; assess renal function before initiation and periodically thereafter

              Serious allergic and hypersensitivity reactions (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema, exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome) reported; promptly stop treatment and assess for other potential causes; appropriately monitor and treat

              Severe and disabling arthralgia reported in patients taking DPP-4 inhibitors; consider as a possible cause for severe joint pain and discontinue drug if appropriate

              Heart failure observed with other DPP-4 inhibitors; consider risks and benefits in patients with risk factors for heart failure; monitor for signs and symptoms; if heart failure develops, manage accordingly to standard of care and consider interrupting treatment

              Bullous pemphigoid reported with DPP-4 inhibitor use, which required hospitalization; in reported cases, patients recovered with topical or systemic immunosuppressive treatment and discontinuation of DPP-4 inhibitor; advise to report any developing blisters/erosions; discontinue DPP-4 therapy and consult a dermatologist if bullous pemphigoid suspected

              Drug interaction overview

              • Sitagliptin is a P-gp and organic anion transporter-3 substrate; weak CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 substrates
              • Insulin or insulin secretagogues
                • Increased risk of hypoglycemia when concomitantly used with insulin and/or an insulin secretagogue; consider lowering dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue
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              Pregnancy & Lactation

              Pregnancy

              Limited available data in pregnant females are not sufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage

              Pregnancy registry

              • Monitors pregnancy outcomes in females exposed to drug during pregnancy
              • Encourage patients to report any prenatal exposure to drug by calling 1-800-986-8999

              Animal data

              • No adverse developmental effects were observed when administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at oral doses up to 30x and 20x, respectively, the 100-mg clinical dose, based on AUC

              Clinical considerations

              • Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, still birth, and delivery complications
              • Poorly controlled diabetes increases fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia related morbidity

              Lactation

              There is no information regarding presence of drug in human milk, effects on breastfed infants, or on milk production

              Present in rat milk and therefore possibly present in human

              Pregnancy Categories

              A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

              B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

              C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

              D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

              X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

              NA: Information not available.

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              Pharmacology

              Mechanism of Action

              Dipeptyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor; increases and prolongs incretin hormone activity, which is inactivated by DPP-4 enzyme

              Incretins increase insulin release and synthesis from pancreatic beta cells and reduce glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells

              Absorption

              Bioavailability: 87%

              Peak plasma time: 1-4 hr

              Peak plasma concentration: 950 nM (single oral 100-mg dose)

              AUC: 8.52 microM·hr (single oral 100-mg dose)

              Distribution

              Protein bound: 38%

              Vd: 198 L

              Metabolism

              Limited; primarily via CYP3A4 and CYP2C8

              Elimination

              Renal clearance: 350 mL/min

              Half-life, terminal: 12.4 hr

              Excretion: Urine (87% [79% unchanged]), feces (13%)

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              Administration

              Oral Administration

              Take with or without food

              Swallow tablet whole; do not chew, crush, or split

              Storage

              Store at 20-25ºC (68-77ºF), excursions permitted to 15-30ºC (59-86ºF)

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              Images

              BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
              Januvia oral
              -
              25 mg tablet
              Januvia oral
              -
              50 mg tablet
              Januvia oral
              -
              100 mg tablet

              Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

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              Patient Handout

              Patient Education
              sitagliptin phosphate oral

              SITAGLIPTIN - ORAL

              (sit-a-GLIP-tin)

              COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Januvia

              USES: Sitagliptin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. It is used in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke.Sitagliptin is a diabetes drug that works by increasing levels of natural substances called incretins. Incretins help to control blood sugar by increasing insulin release, especially after a meal. They also decrease the amount of sugar your liver makes.

              HOW TO USE: Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start using sitagliptin and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth with or without food, as directed by your doctor, usually once daily.The dosage is based on your medical condition, kidney function, and response to treatment. Take this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. Carefully follow the medication treatment plan, meal plan, and exercise program your doctor has recommended.Check your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Keep track of the results, and share them with your doctor. Tell your doctor if your blood sugar measurements are too high or too low. Your dosage/treatment may need to be changed.

              SIDE EFFECTS: Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Although sitagliptin by itself usually does not cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), low blood sugar may occur if this drug is prescribed with other diabetes medications. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether the dose of your other diabetes medication(s) needs to be lowered.Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, rapidly raise your blood sugar by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink fruit juice or non-diet soda. Tell your doctor about the reaction right away. Low blood sugar is more likely if you drink large amounts of alcohol, do unusually heavy exercise, or do not consume enough calories from food. To help prevent low blood sugar, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to find out what you should do if you miss a meal.Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) include thirst, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, flushing, rapid breathing, and fruity breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away. Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication(s).Tell your doctor right away of any serious side effects, including: signs of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine), joint pain, unusual skin blisters, signs of heart failure (such as shortness of breath, swelling ankles/feet, unusual tiredness, unusual/sudden weight gain).Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: signs of pancreatitis (such as nausea/vomiting that doesn't stop, loss of appetite, severe stomach/abdominal/back pain).A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

              PRECAUTIONS: Before taking sitagliptin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, heart failure, disease of the pancreas (pancreatitis), stones in your gallbladder (gallstones).You may experience blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness due to extremely low or high blood sugar. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.Limit alcohol while taking this medication because it can increase your risk of developing low blood sugar.It may be harder to control your blood sugar when your body is stressed (such as due to fever, infection, injury, or surgery). Consult your doctor because increased stress may require a change in your treatment plan, medications, or blood sugar testing.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).During pregnancy this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Pregnancy may cause or worsen diabetes. Discuss a plan with your doctor for managing your blood sugar while pregnant. Your doctor may change your diabetes treatment during your pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits of different treatments (such as diet, exercise, and medications including insulin).It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

              DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Beta-blocker medications (such as metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast/pounding heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar, such as dizziness, hunger, or sweating, are unaffected by these drugs.Many drugs can affect your blood sugar, making it harder to control. Before you start, stop, or change any medication, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how the medication may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor. Tell your doctor right away if you have symptoms of high or low blood sugar. (See also Side Effects section.) Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.

              OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

              NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Lab and/or medical tests (such as kidney function, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.Attend a diabetes education program to learn more about how to manage your diabetes with medications, diet, exercise, and regular medical exams.Learn the symptoms of high and low blood sugar and how to treat low blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed.

              MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

              STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

              MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-888-633-4298 (US) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).

              Information last revised May 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

              IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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              Formulary

              FormularyPatient Discounts

              Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

              To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

              Adding plans allows you to:

              • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
              • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
              • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
              • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

              The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

              Tier Description
              1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
              2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
              3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
              4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
              5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
              6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
              NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
              Code Definition
              PA Prior Authorization
              Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
              QL Quantity Limits
              Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
              ST Step Therapy
              Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
              OR Other Restrictions
              Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
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              Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.