kanamycin (Discontinued)

Brand and Other Names:Kantrex

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

  • 75mg/2mL
  • 500mg/2mL
  • 1g/3mL

Susceptible Infections

IV Administration: 5-7.5 mg/kg/dose divided q8-12hr; not to exceed 15 mg/kg/day divided q6-12hr; administer slowly  

IM Administration: 5-7.5 mg/kg/dose divided q8-12hr; not to exceed 15 mg/kg/day IM divided q12hr at equally divided intervals; continuously high blood levels are desired; daily dose of 15 mg/kg may be given divided q6-8hr

Aerosol: 250 mg q6-12hr by nebulization

Renal Impairment

CrCl 50-80 mL/min: give 60-90% of usual dose or give q8-12hr

CrCl 10-50 mL/min: give 30-70% of usual dose or give q12hr

CrCl <10 mL/min: give 20-30% of usual dose or give q24-48hr

Monitor

Peak (15-30 mg/L)

Trough (5-10 mg/L)

See adult dosing

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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and kanamycin

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    Interactions Found

    Contraindicated

      Serious - Use Alternative

        Significant - Monitor Closely

          Minor

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            Contraindicated (0)

              Serious - Use Alternative (1)

              • microbiota oral

                kanamycin decreases effects of microbiota oral by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Microbiota oral contains bacterial spores. Antibacterial agents may decrease efficacy if coadministered. Complete antibiotic regimens 2-4 days before initiating microbiota oral. .

              Monitor Closely (5)

              • levoketoconazole

                levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of kanamycin by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

                sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of kanamycin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

              • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

                sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of kanamycin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

              • voclosporin

                voclosporin, kanamycin. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

              • warfarin

                kanamycin increases effects of warfarin by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              Minor (2)

              • entecavir

                kanamycin, entecavir. Either increases effects of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Coadministration with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase serum concentrations of either entecavir or the coadministered drug.

              • levoketoconazole

                levoketoconazole decreases levels of kanamycin by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

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              Adverse Effects

              Frequency Not Defined

              Agranulocytosis

              Anorexia

              Diarrhea

              Dyspnea

              Edema

              Elevated BUN

              Enterocolitis

              Headache

              Incr salivation

              Muscle cramps

              Muscle weakness

              Nausea

              Nephrotoxicity

              Neurotoxicity

              Ototoxicity

              Pruritus

              Pseudotumor cerebri

              Rash

              Tinnitus

              Thrombocytopenia

              Tremor

              Vertigo

              Weakness

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              Warnings

              Black Box Warnings

              Neurotoxicity, manifested as both bilateral auditory and vestibular ototoxicity, can occur in patients with preexisting renal damage and in patients with normal renal function treated at higher doses and/or for periods longer than those recommended. High-frequency deafness usually occurs first and can be detected only by audiometric testing. Vertigo may occur and may be evidence of vestibular injury

              Aminoglycosides are potentially nephrotoxic. Risk is greater in patients with impaired renal function and in those who receive high doses or prolonged therapy. Rarely, nephrotoxicity may not become apparent until the first few days after cessation of therapy

              Use with caution in premature infants and neonates because of renal immaturity and the resulting prolongation of serum half-life of the drug

              Neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis have been reported following parenteral injection, topical instillation (as in orthopedic and abdominal irrigation or in local treatment of empyema), and oral use of aminoglycosides, especially when given soon after anesthesia or muscle relaxants. If blockage occurs, calcium salts may reverse these phenomena, but mechanical respiratory assistance may be necessary

              Avoid concurrent or sequential use of neurotoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs including other aminoglycosides (eg, amikacin, streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, puromomycin

              Cumulative listing of drugs to avoid from all aminoglycoside package inserts includes amphotericin B, bacitracin, cephaloridine, cisplatin, colistin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, and viomycin. Avoid potent diuretics (eg, ethacrynic acid, furosemide) because they increase risk of ototoxicity. When administered intravenously, diuretics may enhance aminoglycoside toxicity by altering antibiotic concentrations in serum and tissue

              Contraindications

              Documented hypersensitivity

              Cautions

              Auditory toxicity more common with kanamycin than with streptomycin and capreomycin; monthly audiometry is recommended while patients are being treated with this drug; vestibular toxicity is rare; renal toxicity occurs at a frequency similar to that of capreomycin; regular monitoring of serum creatinine recommended

              Renal impairment

              Myasthenia gravis

              Vestibular/cochlear implant

              Nephrotoxic agents

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              Pregnancy & Lactation

              Pregnancy Category: D

              Lactation: usually compatible

              Pregnancy Categories

              A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

              B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

              C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

              D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

              X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

              NA: Information not available.

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              Pharmacology

              Metabolism: unknown

              Excretion: urine

              Mechanism of Action

              Bactericidal

              Aminoglycoside contain 1 or 2 amino sugars linked to an aminocyclitol nucleus. Nucleus is 2-deoxystreptamine. Bactericidal and believed to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30 S ribosomal subunit.

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              Administration

              IV Incompatibilities

              Do not mix with other drugs

              IV Preparation

              For adults, IV infusions are prepared by adding 500 mg of kanamycin to 100-200 mL of usual IV infusion fluid such as NS or D5W or by adding 1 g of the drug to 200-400 mL of diluent

              IV/IM Administration

              Administer by deep IM injection, or IV infusion

              May administer by intraperitoneal instillation, irrigation, or inhalation

              Infuse over 30-60 min

              Storage

              Store <40°C, preferably between 15-30°C

              Protect from freezing

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              Images

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              Patient Handout

              A Patient Handout is not currently available for this monograph.
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              Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.