norepinephrine (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Levarterenol, Levophed

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

  • 1mg/mL

Acute Hypotension

Initial: 8-12 mcg/min IV infusion; titrate to effect

Maintenance: 2-4 mcg/min IV infusion

Cardiac Arrest

Initial: 8-12 mcg/min IV infusion; titrate to effect

Maintenance: 2-4 mcg/min IV infusion

Sepsis & Septic Shock

0.01-3.3 mcg/kg/min IV infusion (Hollenberg 2009)  

Beta Blocker Toxicity (Off-label)

Should be titrated to age-appropriate blood pressure

Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity (Off-label)

Should be titrated to age-appropriate blood pressure

Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity (Off-label)

Should be titrated to age-appropriate blood pressure

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

  • 1mg/mL

Acute Hypotension

Initial: 0.05-0.1 mcg/kg/min IV infusion; titrate to effect  

Maximum: 1-2 mcg/kg/min

Cardiac Arrest

Initial: 0.05-0.1 mcg/kg/min IV infusion; titrate to effect  

Maximum: 1-2 mcg/kg/min

Shock

0.05-0.1 mcg/kg/min IV infusion; titrate to effect; not to exceed 2 mcg/kg/min  

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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and norepinephrine

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            Contraindicated (6)

            • isocarboxazid

              isocarboxazid increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • linezolid

              linezolid increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • phenelzine

              phenelzine increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • procarbazine

              procarbazine increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • selegiline transdermal

              selegiline transdermal increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • tranylcypromine

              tranylcypromine increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            Serious - Use Alternative (32)

            • amitriptyline

              amitriptyline, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • amoxapine

              amoxapine, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • cabergoline

              cabergoline, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • clomipramine

              clomipramine, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • desflurane

              desflurane increases toxicity of norepinephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

              desflurane increases levels of norepinephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • desipramine

              desipramine, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • dihydroergotamine

              dihydroergotamine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • dihydroergotamine intranasal

              dihydroergotamine intranasal, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • doxapram

              doxapram increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Additive pressor effect.

            • doxepin

              doxepin, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • ergoloid mesylates

              ergoloid mesylates, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • ergotamine

              ergotamine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • ether

              ether increases toxicity of norepinephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

            • etomidate

              etomidate increases levels of norepinephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • imipramine

              imipramine, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • iobenguane I 131

              norepinephrine will decrease the level or effect of iobenguane I 131 by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Based on the mechanism of action of iobenguane, drugs that reduce catecholamine uptake or that deplete catecholamine stores may interfere with iobenguane uptake into cells, and thus, reduce iobenguane efficacy. Discontinue interfering drugs for at least 5 half-lives before administration of either the dosimetry or an iobenguane dose. Do not administer these drugs until at least 7 days after each iobenguane dose.

            • isoflurane

              isoflurane increases toxicity of norepinephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

            • ketamine

              ketamine, norepinephrine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Intraoperative use of norepinephrine and ketamine should be used cautiously and is contraindicated in situations where increased blood pressure would be hazardous (eg, hypertension, stroke, head trauma, intracranial bleeding). .

            • levomilnacipran

              levomilnacipran increases levels of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of paroxysmal HTN, arrhythmia.

            • lofepramine

              lofepramine, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • maprotiline

              maprotiline, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • methoxyflurane

              methoxyflurane increases toxicity of norepinephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

            • methylergonovine

              methylergonovine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm; risk of hypertension.

            • milnacipran

              milnacipran increases levels of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of paroxysmal HTN, arrhythmia.

            • nortriptyline

              nortriptyline, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • ozanimod

              ozanimod increases toxicity of norepinephrine by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Therefore, coadministration of ozanimod with drugs that can increase norepinephrine or serotonin is not recommended. Monitor for hypertension with concomitant use.

            • propofol

              propofol increases levels of norepinephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • protriptyline

              protriptyline, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • sevoflurane

              sevoflurane increases toxicity of norepinephrine by Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of V tach, HTN.

              sevoflurane increases levels of norepinephrine by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

            • trazodone

              trazodone, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • trimipramine

              trimipramine, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron.

            • yohimbe

              yohimbe, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            Monitor Closely (249)

            • acebutolol

              acebutolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              acebutolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • aceclofenac

              aceclofenac increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • acemetacin

              acemetacin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • albuterol

              albuterol and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              albuterol and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              albuterol and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alfentanil

              alfentanil increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alprazolam

              alprazolam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amiloride

              amiloride increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • amitriptyline

              amitriptyline increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              amitriptyline increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amobarbital

              amobarbital increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amoxapine

              amoxapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              amoxapine increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • arformoterol

              arformoterol and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              arformoterol and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              arformoterol and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • aripiprazole

              aripiprazole increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • armodafinil

              norepinephrine and armodafinil both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • aspirin

              aspirin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • aspirin rectal

              aspirin rectal increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

            • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

              aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • atenolol

              atenolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              atenolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • atomoxetine

              atomoxetine, norepinephrine. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Due to the potential for increases in blood pressure and heart rate, atomoxetine should be used cautiously with vasopressors such as norepinephrine.

            • azelastine

              azelastine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • belladonna and opium

              belladonna and opium increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bendroflumethiazide

              norepinephrine and bendroflumethiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benperidol

              benperidol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benzphetamine

              norepinephrine and benzphetamine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and benzphetamine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • betaxolol

              betaxolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              betaxolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bisoprolol

              bisoprolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              bisoprolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bretylium

              bretylium increases effects of norepinephrine by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If catecholamines are administered to treat systolic BP <75 mmHg, a dilute solution should be employed and blood pressure monitored closely. Bretylium causes an initial norepinephrine release and may enhance catecholamine pressor effects.

            • bromocriptine

              bromocriptine, norepinephrine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypertension, V tach.

            • brompheniramine

              brompheniramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • bumetanide

              norepinephrine and bumetanide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine buccal

              buprenorphine buccal increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butabarbital

              butabarbital increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butalbital

              butalbital increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butorphanol

              butorphanol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • caffeine

              norepinephrine and caffeine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carbenoxolone

              norepinephrine and carbenoxolone both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carbinoxamine

              carbinoxamine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carvedilol

              carvedilol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              carvedilol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • celecoxib

              celecoxib increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • celiprolol

              celiprolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              celiprolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chloral hydrate

              chloral hydrate increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlordiazepoxide

              chlordiazepoxide increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorothiazide

              norepinephrine and chlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpheniramine

              chlorpheniramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpromazine

              chlorpromazine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              chlorpromazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • chlorthalidone

              norepinephrine and chlorthalidone both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • choline magnesium trisalicylate

              choline magnesium trisalicylate increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

            • cinnarizine

              cinnarizine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clemastine

              clemastine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clomipramine

              clomipramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              clomipramine increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clonazepam

              clonazepam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clorazepate

              clorazepate increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clozapine

              clozapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • codeine

              codeine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyclizine

              cyclizine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyclopenthiazide

              norepinephrine and cyclopenthiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyproheptadine

              cyproheptadine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • deflazacort

              norepinephrine and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • desipramine

              desipramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              desipramine increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexchlorpheniramine

              dexchlorpheniramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexfenfluramine

              norepinephrine and dexfenfluramine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and dexfenfluramine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexmedetomidine

              dexmedetomidine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexmethylphenidate

              norepinephrine and dexmethylphenidate both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and dexmethylphenidate both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dextroamphetamine

              norepinephrine and dextroamphetamine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and dextroamphetamine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dextromoramide

              dextromoramide increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diamorphine

              diamorphine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diclofenac

              diclofenac increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diethylpropion

              norepinephrine and diethylpropion both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and diethylpropion both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • difenoxin hcl

              difenoxin hcl increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diflunisal

              diflunisal increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • digoxin

              digoxin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dimenhydrinate

              dimenhydrinate increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diphenhydramine

              diphenhydramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diphenoxylate hcl

              diphenoxylate hcl increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dipipanone

              dipipanone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dobutamine

              dobutamine and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dobutamine and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dobutamine and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dopamine

              norepinephrine and dopamine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and dopamine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dopexamine

              dopexamine and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dopexamine and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dopexamine and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dopexamine, norepinephrine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxepin

              doxepin increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              doxepin increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • droperidol

              droperidol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • drospirenone

              drospirenone increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • droxidopa

              norepinephrine and droxidopa both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk for supine hypertension

            • entacapone

              entacapone will increase the level or effect of norepinephrine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Entacapone is a COMT inhibitor. Caution if coadministered with drugs metabolized by COMT. If coadministered, monitor for changes in heart rate, heart rhythm, and blood pressure.

            • ephedrine

              ephedrine and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ephedrine and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ephedrine and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ephedrine, norepinephrine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine

              epinephrine and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              epinephrine and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              epinephrine and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine racemic

              norepinephrine and epinephrine racemic both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and epinephrine racemic both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and epinephrine racemic both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • esmolol

              esmolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              esmolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • estazolam

              estazolam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ethacrynic acid

              norepinephrine and ethacrynic acid both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ethanol

              ethanol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • etodolac

              etodolac increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fenfluramine

              norepinephrine and fenfluramine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and fenfluramine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fenoprofen

              fenoprofen increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fluphenazine

              fluphenazine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              fluphenazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • flurazepam

              flurazepam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • flurbiprofen

              flurbiprofen increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • formoterol

              formoterol and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              formoterol and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              formoterol and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • furosemide

              norepinephrine and furosemide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • gentamicin

              norepinephrine and gentamicin both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • green tea

              green tea increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Due to caffeine content. Combination may increase CNS stimulatory effects due to caffeine in green tea.

            • haloperidol

              haloperidol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hydralazine

              hydralazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Sympathomimetics can antagonize the activity of some antihypertensive agents.

            • hydrochlorothiazide

              norepinephrine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hydromorphone

              hydromorphone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hydroxyzine

              hydroxyzine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ibuprofen

              ibuprofen increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ibuprofen IV

              ibuprofen IV increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • iloperidone

              iloperidone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • imipramine

              imipramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              imipramine increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • indacaterol, inhaled

              norepinephrine increases effects of indacaterol, inhaled by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: If additional adrenergic drugs are to be administered by any route, they should be used with caution because the sympathetic effects of indacaterol may be potentiated.

            • indapamide

              norepinephrine and indapamide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • indomethacin

              indomethacin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin degludec

              norepinephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

            • insulin degludec/insulin aspart

              norepinephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec/insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

            • insulin inhaled

              norepinephrine decreases effects of insulin inhaled by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

            • ioflupane I 123

              norepinephrine decreases effects of ioflupane I 123 by receptor binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor. Drugs that bind to dopamine transporter receptor with high affinity may interfere with the image following ioflupane I 123 administration.

            • isoproterenol

              isoproterenol and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              isoproterenol and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              isoproterenol and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketoprofen

              ketoprofen increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketorolac

              ketorolac increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketorolac intranasal

              ketorolac intranasal increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

            • ketotifen, ophthalmic

              ketotifen, ophthalmic increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • labetalol

              labetalol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              labetalol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • levalbuterol

              levalbuterol and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              levalbuterol and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              levalbuterol and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • levorphanol

              levorphanol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lisdexamfetamine

              norepinephrine and lisdexamfetamine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and lisdexamfetamine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lofepramine

              lofepramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              lofepramine increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lofexidine

              lofexidine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • loprazolam

              loprazolam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lorazepam

              lorazepam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lormetazepam

              lormetazepam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lornoxicam

              lornoxicam increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • loxapine

              loxapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • loxapine inhaled

              loxapine inhaled increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • maprotiline

              maprotiline increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              maprotiline increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • marijuana

              marijuana increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meclofenamate

              meclofenamate increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mefenamic acid

              mefenamic acid increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • melatonin

              melatonin increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meloxicam

              meloxicam increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meperidine

              meperidine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meprobamate

              meprobamate increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metaproterenol

              metaproterenol and norepinephrine both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              metaproterenol and norepinephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              metaproterenol and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methadone

              methadone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methamphetamine

              norepinephrine and methamphetamine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and methamphetamine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methyclothiazide

              norepinephrine and methyclothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methyldopa

              methyldopa increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methylenedioxymethamphetamine

              norepinephrine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methylphenidate

              norepinephrine and methylphenidate both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metolazone

              norepinephrine and metolazone both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metoprolol

              metoprolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              metoprolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • midazolam

              midazolam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • midodrine

              norepinephrine and midodrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and midodrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mirtazapine

              mirtazapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • modafinil

              norepinephrine and modafinil both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • morphine

              morphine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • motherwort

              motherwort increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • moxonidine

              moxonidine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nabilone

              nabilone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nabumetone

              nabumetone increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nadolol

              nadolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              nadolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nalbuphine

              nalbuphine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • naproxen

              naproxen increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nateglinide

              norepinephrine decreases effects of nateglinide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may reduce nateglinide's hypoglycemic action.

            • nebivolol

              nebivolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              nebivolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nortriptyline

              nortriptyline increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              nortriptyline increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • olanzapine

              olanzapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • olodaterol inhaled

              norepinephrine and olodaterol inhaled both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution with coadministration of adrenergic drugs by any route because of additive sympathetic effects

            • opicapone

              opicapone will increase the level or effect of norepinephrine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Opicapone is a COMT inhibitor. Caution if coadministered with drugs metabolized by COMT. If coadministered, monitor for changes in heart rate, heart rhythm, and blood pressure.

            • opium tincture

              opium tincture increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxaprozin

              oxaprozin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxazepam

              oxazepam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxycodone

              oxycodone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxymetazoline topical

              oxymetazoline topical and norepinephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxymorphone

              oxymorphone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxytocin

              oxytocin increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • paliperidone

              paliperidone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • papaveretum

              papaveretum increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • parecoxib

              parecoxib increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • penbutolol

              penbutolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              penbutolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pentazocine

              pentazocine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pentobarbital

              pentobarbital increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • perphenazine

              perphenazine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              perphenazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • phendimetrazine

              norepinephrine and phendimetrazine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and phendimetrazine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenobarbital

              phenobarbital increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenoxybenzamine

              phenoxybenzamine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypotension, tachycardia.

            • phentermine

              norepinephrine and phentermine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and phentermine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phentolamine

              phentolamine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypotension, tachycardia.

            • phenylephrine

              norepinephrine and phenylephrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and phenylephrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenylephrine PO

              norepinephrine and phenylephrine PO both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and phenylephrine PO both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pholcodine

              pholcodine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pimozide

              pimozide increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pindolol

              pindolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pindolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pirbuterol

              norepinephrine and pirbuterol both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and pirbuterol both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and pirbuterol both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • piroxicam

              piroxicam increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • potassium acid phosphate

              potassium acid phosphate increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • potassium chloride

              potassium chloride increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • potassium citrate

              potassium citrate increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • primidone

              primidone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • prochlorperazine

              prochlorperazine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              prochlorperazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • promazine

              promazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • promethazine

              promethazine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              promethazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • propranolol

              propranolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              propranolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • propylhexedrine

              norepinephrine and propylhexedrine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and propylhexedrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • protriptyline

              protriptyline increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              protriptyline increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pseudoephedrine

              norepinephrine and pseudoephedrine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • quazepam

              quazepam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • quetiapine

              quetiapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • rasagiline

              rasagiline increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypertensive episode.

            • risperidone

              risperidone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sacubitril/valsartan

              sacubitril/valsartan increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • salicylates (non-asa)

              salicylates (non-asa) increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • salmeterol

              norepinephrine and salmeterol both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and salmeterol both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and salmeterol both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • salsalate

              salsalate increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • scullcap

              scullcap increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • secobarbital

              secobarbital increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • selegiline

              selegiline increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Avoid concomitant use if possible. Caution is advised.

            • serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate

              norepinephrine and serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • shepherd's purse

              shepherd's purse increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol

              norepinephrine and sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • solriamfetol

              norepinephrine and solriamfetol both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sotalol

              sotalol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              sotalol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • spironolactone

              spironolactone increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • succinylcholine

              succinylcholine increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sufentanil

              sufentanil increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sulfasalazine

              sulfasalazine increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sulindac

              sulindac increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tapentadol

              tapentadol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • temazepam

              temazepam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • terbutaline

              norepinephrine and terbutaline both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and terbutaline both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and terbutaline both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • thioridazine

              thioridazine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              thioridazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • thiothixene

              thiothixene increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • timolol

              timolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              timolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tolcapone

              tolcapone will increase the level or effect of norepinephrine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Tolcapone is a COMT inhibitor. Caution if coadministered with drugs metabolized by COMT. If coadministered, monitor for changes in heart rate, heart rhythm, and blood pressure.

            • tolfenamic acid

              tolfenamic acid increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tolmetin

              tolmetin increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tolvaptan

              tolvaptan increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • topiramate

              topiramate increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • torsemide

              norepinephrine and torsemide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tramadol

              tramadol increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • trazodone

              trazodone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trazodone increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triamterene

              triamterene increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • triazolam

              triazolam increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triclofos

              triclofos increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • trifluoperazine

              trifluoperazine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trifluoperazine, norepinephrine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death, more likely w/thioridazine than other phenothiazines. Interaction more likely in certain predisposed pts. only.

            • trimipramine

              trimipramine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trimipramine increases effects of norepinephrine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triprolidine

              triprolidine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • xylometazoline

              norepinephrine and xylometazoline both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and xylometazoline both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • yohimbine

              norepinephrine and yohimbine both decrease sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              norepinephrine and yohimbine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ziconotide

              ziconotide increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ziprasidone

              ziprasidone increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            Minor (16)

            • bendroflumethiazide

              norepinephrine, bendroflumethiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • bumetanide

              norepinephrine, bumetanide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • chlorothiazide

              norepinephrine, chlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • chlorthalidone

              norepinephrine, chlorthalidone. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • cyclopenthiazide

              norepinephrine, cyclopenthiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • desmopressin

              desmopressin increases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ethacrynic acid

              norepinephrine, ethacrynic acid. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • eucalyptus

              eucalyptus increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • furosemide

              norepinephrine, furosemide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • hydrochlorothiazide

              norepinephrine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

              hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May decrease responsiveness to norepinephrine but not enough to preclude effectiveness of the pressor agent therapeutic use.

            • indapamide

              norepinephrine, indapamide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • methyclothiazide

              norepinephrine, methyclothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • metolazone

              norepinephrine, metolazone. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            • noni juice

              noni juice increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • sage

              sage increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • torsemide

              norepinephrine, torsemide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

            Previous
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            Adverse Effects

            Frequency Not Defined

            Bradycardia

            Hypertension

            Arrhythmias

            Confusion

            Anxiety

            Dyspnea, with or without respiratory difficulty

            Headache

            Nausea and vomiting

            Sweating

            Tremor

            Restlessness

            Urinary retention

            Extravasation

            Gangrene

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            Warnings

            Black Box Warnings

            Antidote for extravasation ischemia: To prevent sloughing and necrosis in areas where extravasation has taken place, infiltrate areas promptly with 10-15 mL of saline solution containing 5-10 mg of phentolamine mesylate for injection

            Use syringe with fine hypodermic needle, with the solution being infiltrated liberally throughout the area, which is easily identified by its cold, hard, pallid appearance

            Contraindications

            Hypersensitivity

            Patients who are hypotensive from blood volume deficits except as an emergency measure to maintain coronary and cerebral artery perfusion until blood volume replacement therapy can be completed

            Peripheral vascular thrombosis (except for lifesaving procedures)

            Concomitant use with some general anesthetics cyclopropane (not available in the US), halothane (not available in the US)

            Cautions

            If therapy is continuously administered to maintain blood pressure in absence of blood volume replacement, severe peripheral and visceral vasoconstriction, decreased renal perfusion and urine output, poor systemic blood flow despite “normal” blood pressure, tissue hypoxia, and lactate acidosis may occur

            Use extreme caution with concurrent monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) use or antidepressants of the triptyline or imipramine types; severe, prolonged hypertension may result

            Cyclopropane and halothane anesthetics increase cardiac autonomic irritability and seem to sensitize the myocardium to action of intravenously administered epinephrine or norepinephrine

            Not for use in profound hypoxia or hypercarbia

            Bitartrate injection contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people

            Because of potency of drug and because of varying response to pressor substances, possibility always exists that dangerously high blood pressure may be produced with overdoses of this pressor agent; it is desirable, therefore, to record blood pressure every two min from time administration is started until desired blood pressure is obtained, then every five min if administration is to be continued; rate of flow must be watched constantly, and patient should never be left unattended while receiving therapy; headache may be a symptom of hypertension due to overdosage

            When possible, infusions should be given into large vein, particularly an antecubital vein to reduce risk of necrosis of overlying skin from prolonged vasoconstriction; some authors have indicated that femoral vein is an acceptable route of administration; occlusive vascular diseases (for example, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, diabetic endarteritis, Buerger’s disease) are more likely to occur in the lower than in the upper extremity; one should avoid the veins of the leg in elderly patients or in those suffering from such disorders; gangrene has been reported in a lower extremity when infusions were given in an ankle vein

            Infusion site should be checked frequently for free flow; care should be taken to avoid extravasation of drug into tissues, as local necrosis might ensue due to vasoconstrictive action of drug; blanching along the course of the infused vein, sometimes without obvious extravasation, has been attributed to vasa vasorum constriction with increased permeability of vein wall, permitting some leakage

            Antidote for extravasation ischemia

            • To prevent sloughing and necrosis in areas in which extravasation has taken place, area should be infiltrated as soon as possible with 10 - 15 mL of saline solution containing from 5 mg to 10 mg of Regitine® (brand of phentolamine), an adrenergic blocking agent; a syringe with a fine hypodermic needle should be used, with the solution being infiltrated liberally throughout the area, which is easily identified by its cold, hard, and pallid appearance; sympathetic blockade with phentolamine causes immediate and conspicuous local hyperemic changes if the area is infiltrated within 12 hours; therefore, phentolamine should be given as soon as possible after extravasation is noted.
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            Pregnancy & Lactation

            Pregnancy category: C

            Lactation: Not known if excreted into breast milk; avoid use during breastfeeding

            Pregnancy Categories

            A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

            B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

            C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

            D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

            X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

            NA: Information not available.

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            Pharmacology

            Mechanism of Action

            Strong beta1- and alpha-adrenergic effects and moderate beta2 effects, which increase cardiac output and heart rate, decrease renal perfusion and PVR, and cause variable BP effects

            Absorption

            Onset: 1-2 min

            Duration: 1-2 min (vasopressor)

            Metabolism

            Metabolized by MAO and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) in the adrenergic neuron

            Metabolites: Normetanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid (inactive)

            Elimination

            Excretion: Urine (84-96%)

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            Administration

            IV Incompatibilities

            Additive: Aminophylline, pentobarbital

            Not spec: Atropine, carbenicillin, cefazolin, diazepam

            IV Compatibilities

            Additive: Calcium gluconate, cimetidine, dobutamine, heparin, KCl, verapamil, vitamins B/C

            Syringe: Heparin

            Y-site: Amiodarone, epinephrine, esmolol, fentanyl, furosemide, heparin, hydrocortisone, KCl, vitamins B/C

            Not spec: Tetracycline

            IV Preparation

            Solution: 4 mg in 1000 ml D5W (4 mcg/ml); 40 ml/hr (~3 mcg/min); dose may be titrated to patient response

            IV Administration

            Into large vein; central line required

            Do not administer NaHCO3 through an IV line containing norepinephrine

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            Images

            BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL solution
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL solution
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial
            Levophed intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial
            Levophed intravenous
            -
            1 mg/mL vial

            Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

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            Patient Handout

            Patient Education
            norepinephrine bitartrate intravenous

            NO MONOGRAPH AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME

            USES: Consult your pharmacist.

            HOW TO USE: Consult your pharmacist.

            SIDE EFFECTS: Consult your pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

            PRECAUTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.

            DRUG INTERACTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

            OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

            NOTES: No monograph available at this time.

            MISSED DOSE: Consult your pharmacist.

            STORAGE: Consult your pharmacist.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

            Information last revised July 2016. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

            IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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            Formulary

            FormularyPatient Discounts

            Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

            To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

            Adding plans allows you to:

            • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
            • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
            • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
            • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

            The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

            Tier Description
            1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
            2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
            3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
            4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
            Code Definition
            PA Prior Authorization
            Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
            QL Quantity Limits
            Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
            ST Step Therapy
            Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
            OR Other Restrictions
            Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
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            Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.