loxapine (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Loxitane

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

capsule

  • 5mg
  • 10mg
  • 25mg
  • 50mg

Schizophrenia

Initial: 10-25 mg PO q12hr

Maintenance: 60-100 mg/day divided q6-12hr; not to exceed 250 mg/day

Dosing Considerations

For maintenance therapy, reduce dosage to lowest level compatible with symptom control; many patients have been maintained satisfactorily at dosages in the range of 20 to 60 mg daily

Not recommended

Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and loxapine

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            Contraindicated (1)

            • amisulpride

              amisulpride, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Increases risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

            Serious - Use Alternative (23)

            • apomorphine

              loxapine decreases effects of apomorphine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

              benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • bromocriptine

              loxapine decreases effects of bromocriptine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • cabergoline

              loxapine decreases effects of cabergoline by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates

              loxapine, calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • dopamine

              loxapine decreases effects of dopamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • fentanyl

              fentanyl, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • fentanyl intranasal

              fentanyl intranasal, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • fentanyl transdermal

              fentanyl transdermal, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • fentanyl transmucosal

              fentanyl transmucosal, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.

            • hydrocodone

              hydrocodone, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • levodopa

              loxapine decreases effects of levodopa by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

            • lisuride

              loxapine decreases effects of lisuride by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • mefloquine

              mefloquine increases toxicity of loxapine by QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Mefloquine may enhance the QTc prolonging effect of high risk QTc prolonging agents.

            • methyldopa

              loxapine decreases effects of methyldopa by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • metoclopramide intranasal

              loxapine, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.

              loxapine increases toxicity of metoclopramide intranasal by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Potential for additive effects, including increased frequency and severity of tardive dyskinesia, other extrapyramidal symptoms, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

            • olopatadine intranasal

              loxapine and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

            • pramipexole

              loxapine decreases effects of pramipexole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • ropinirole

              loxapine decreases effects of ropinirole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.

            • safinamide

              loxapine decreases effects of safinamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dopamine antagonists may decrease safinamide effects and exacerbate Parkinson disease symptoms.

            • selinexor

              selinexor, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Patients treated with selinexor may experience neurological toxicities. Avoid taking selinexor with other medications that may cause dizziness or confusion.

            • sodium oxybate

              loxapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • sufentanil SL

              sufentanil SL, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in hypotension, profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            Monitor Closely (268)

            • abobotulinumtoxinA

              abobotulinumtoxinA increases effects of loxapine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of anticholinergic drugs after administration of botulinum toxin-containing products may potentiate systemic anticholinergic effects.

            • aclidinium

              aclidinium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aclidinium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of aclidinium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • acrivastine

              acrivastine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • albuterol

              loxapine increases and albuterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • alfentanil

              alfentanil and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • almotriptan

              almotriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • alprazolam

              alprazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amifampridine

              loxapine increases toxicity of amifampridine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Amifampridine can cause seizures. Coadministration with drugs that lower seizure threshold may increase this risk.

            • amitriptyline

              loxapine and amitriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amobarbital

              amobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amoxapine

              loxapine and amoxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              loxapine and amoxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • anticholinergic/sedative combos

              anticholinergic/sedative combos decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              anticholinergic/sedative combos decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of anticholinergic/sedative combos by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • apomorphine

              loxapine and apomorphine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • arformoterol

              loxapine increases and arformoterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • aripiprazole

              aripiprazole and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              aripiprazole and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • armodafinil

              loxapine increases and armodafinil decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • asenapine

              asenapine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • asenapine transdermal

              asenapine transdermal and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • atracurium

              atracurium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              atracurium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of atracurium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • atropine

              atropine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              atropine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of atropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • atropine IV/IM

              loxapine increases effects of atropine IV/IM by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

              atropine IV/IM decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              atropine IV/IM decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • avapritinib

              avapritinib and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • azelastine

              azelastine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • baclofen

              baclofen and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • belladonna alkaloids

              belladonna alkaloids decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              belladonna alkaloids decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of belladonna alkaloids by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • belladonna and opium

              belladonna and opium and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              belladonna and opium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              belladonna and opium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of belladonna and opium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • benperidol

              benperidol and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              benperidol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

              benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benzphetamine

              loxapine increases and benzphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benztropine

              loxapine increases effects of benztropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • brexanolone

              brexanolone, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brexpiprazole

              brexpiprazole and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brimonidine

              brimonidine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brivaracetam

              brivaracetam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brompheniramine

              brompheniramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine

              buprenorphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine buccal

              buprenorphine buccal and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine subdermal implant

              buprenorphine subdermal implant and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine transdermal

              buprenorphine transdermal and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine, long-acting injection

              loxapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

              buprenorphine, long-acting injection and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butabarbital

              butabarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butalbital

              butalbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • butorphanol

              butorphanol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • caffeine

              loxapine increases and caffeine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carbamazepine

              loxapine will increase the level or effect of carbamazepine by decreasing metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Monitor plasma levels when used concomitantly

            • carbinoxamine

              carbinoxamine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carisoprodol

              carisoprodol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chloral hydrate

              chloral hydrate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlordiazepoxide

              chlordiazepoxide and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpheniramine

              chlorpheniramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorpromazine

              chlorpromazine and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              chlorpromazine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • chlorzoxazone

              chlorzoxazone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cinnarizine

              cinnarizine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cisatracurium

              cisatracurium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              cisatracurium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of cisatracurium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • clemastine

              clemastine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clomipramine

              loxapine and clomipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clonazepam

              clonazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clonidine

              clonidine, loxapine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypotensive effects; potential delirium.

            • clorazepate

              clorazepate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • clozapine

              clozapine and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              clozapine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • codeine

              codeine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyclizine

              cyclizine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              cyclizine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              cyclizine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of cyclizine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • cyclobenzaprine

              cyclobenzaprine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cyproheptadine

              cyproheptadine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dantrolene

              dantrolene and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • daridorexant

              loxapine and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

            • darifenacin

              darifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              darifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of darifenacin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • desflurane

              desflurane and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • desipramine

              loxapine and desipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • deutetrabenazine

              loxapine and deutetrabenazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. The risk for parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and akathisia may be increased by concomitant use of deutetrabenazine and dopamine antagonists or antipsychotics.

              loxapine and deutetrabenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexchlorpheniramine

              dexchlorpheniramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexfenfluramine

              loxapine increases and dexfenfluramine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexmedetomidine

              dexmedetomidine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dexmethylphenidate

              loxapine increases and dexmethylphenidate decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dextroamphetamine

              loxapine increases and dextroamphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dextromethorphan

              dextromethorphan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • dextromoramide

              dextromoramide and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diamorphine

              diamorphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diazepam

              diazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dicyclomine

              dicyclomine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              dicyclomine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of dicyclomine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • diethylpropion

              loxapine increases and diethylpropion decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • difelikefalin

              difelikefalin and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • difenoxin hcl

              difenoxin hcl and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dihydroergotamine

              dihydroergotamine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • dimenhydrinate

              dimenhydrinate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • diphenhydramine

              diphenhydramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              diphenhydramine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              diphenhydramine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of diphenhydramine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • diphenoxylate hcl

              diphenoxylate hcl and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dipipanone

              dipipanone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dobutamine

              loxapine increases and dobutamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • donepezil transdermal

              donepezil transdermal, loxapine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dopamine

              loxapine increases and dopamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dopexamine

              loxapine increases and dopexamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dosulepin

              loxapine and dosulepin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxepin

              loxapine and doxepin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxylamine

              doxylamine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • droperidol

              droperidol and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              droperidol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • eletriptan

              eletriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • ephedrine

              loxapine increases and ephedrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine

              loxapine increases and epinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • epinephrine racemic

              loxapine increases and epinephrine racemic decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ergoloid mesylates

              ergoloid mesylates, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • ergotamine

              ergotamine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • esketamine intranasal

              esketamine intranasal, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • estazolam

              estazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ethanol

              loxapine and ethanol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • etomidate

              etomidate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fenfluramine

              loxapine increases and fenfluramine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fentanyl

              fentanyl, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • fesoterodine

              fesoterodine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              fesoterodine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of fesoterodine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • flavoxate

              flavoxate decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              flavoxate decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of flavoxate by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • flibanserin

              flibanserin, loxapine. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • fluphenazine

              fluphenazine and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              fluphenazine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • flurazepam

              flurazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • formoterol

              loxapine increases and formoterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • frovatriptan

              frovatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • ganaxolone

              loxapine and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • glycopyrrolate

              loxapine increases effects of glycopyrrolate by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • glycopyrrolate inhaled

              glycopyrrolate inhaled decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              glycopyrrolate inhaled decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of glycopyrrolate inhaled by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • glycopyrronium tosylate topical

              glycopyrronium tosylate topical, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of glycopyrronium tosylate topical with other anticholinergic medications may result in additive anticholinergic adverse effects.

            • guanfacine

              guanfacine, loxapine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypotensive effects; potential delirium.

            • haloperidol

              haloperidol and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              haloperidol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • henbane

              henbane decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              henbane decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of henbane by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • homatropine

              homatropine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              homatropine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of homatropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • hydromorphone

              hydromorphone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hydroxyzine

              hydroxyzine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • hyoscyamine

              hyoscyamine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              hyoscyamine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of hyoscyamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • hyoscyamine spray

              loxapine increases effects of hyoscyamine spray by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

              hyoscyamine spray decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              hyoscyamine spray decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • iloperidone

              iloperidone and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              iloperidone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • imipramine

              loxapine and imipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • incobotulinumtoxinA

              loxapine, incobotulinumtoxinA. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of anticholinergic drugs after administration of botulinum toxin-containing products may potentiate systemic anticholinergic effects.

            • ipratropium

              ipratropium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ipratropium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of ipratropium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • isoproterenol

              loxapine increases and isoproterenol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketamine

              ketamine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketotifen, ophthalmic

              loxapine and ketotifen, ophthalmic both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lasmiditan

              lasmiditan, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of lasmiditan and other CNS depressant drugs, including alcohol have not been evaluated in clinical studies. Lasmiditan may cause sedation, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions.

            • lemborexant

              lemborexant, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Dosage adjustment may be necessary if lemborexant is coadministered with other CNS depressants because of potentially additive effects.

            • levalbuterol

              loxapine increases and levalbuterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • levomilnacipran

              levomilnacipran, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • levorphanol

              levorphanol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • linezolid

              linezolid, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • lisdexamfetamine

              loxapine increases and lisdexamfetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lithium

              lithium, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • lofepramine

              loxapine and lofepramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lofexidine

              loxapine and lofexidine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • loprazolam

              loprazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lorazepam

              lorazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              lorazepam, loxapine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of resp. depression, hypotension.

            • lorcaserin

              lorcaserin, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • lormetazepam

              lormetazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lurasidone

              lurasidone, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased CNS depressant effects when used concurrently; monitor for increased adverse effects and toxicity.

            • maprotiline

              loxapine and maprotiline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • maraviroc

              maraviroc, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

            • marijuana

              loxapine and marijuana both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meclizine

              meclizine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              meclizine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of meclizine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • melatonin

              loxapine and melatonin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • meperidine

              meperidine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              meperidine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • meprobamate

              loxapine and meprobamate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metaproterenol

              loxapine increases and metaproterenol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • metaxalone

              metaxalone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methadone

              methadone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              methadone, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • methamphetamine

              loxapine increases and methamphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methocarbamol

              methocarbamol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methscopolamine

              methscopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              methscopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of methscopolamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • methylenedioxymethamphetamine

              loxapine increases and methylenedioxymethamphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methylergonovine

              methylergonovine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • methylphenidate

              loxapine increases toxicity of methylphenidate by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Closely monitor for signs of altered clinical response to either methylphenidate or an antipsychotic when using these drugs in combination.

            • metoclopramide

              loxapine and metoclopramide both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • midazolam

              midazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • midazolam intranasal

              midazolam intranasal, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.

            • midodrine

              loxapine increases and midodrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • milnacipran

              milnacipran, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • mirtazapine

              loxapine and mirtazapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • modafinil

              loxapine increases and modafinil decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • morphine

              morphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • motherwort

              loxapine and motherwort both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • moxonidine

              loxapine and moxonidine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nabilone

              loxapine and nabilone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nalbuphine

              nalbuphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • naratriptan

              naratriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • norepinephrine

              loxapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nortriptyline

              loxapine and nortriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • olanzapine

              loxapine and olanzapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and olanzapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oliceridine

              oliceridine, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • onabotulinumtoxinA

              onabotulinumtoxinA decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              onabotulinumtoxinA decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of onabotulinumtoxinA by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • opium tincture

              opium tincture and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxazepam

              oxazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxybutynin

              oxybutynin decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              oxybutynin decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of oxybutynin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • oxybutynin topical

              oxybutynin topical decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              oxybutynin topical decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of oxybutynin topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • oxybutynin transdermal

              oxybutynin transdermal decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              oxybutynin transdermal decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of oxybutynin transdermal by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • oxycodone

              oxycodone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • oxymorphone

              oxymorphone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • paliperidone

              loxapine and paliperidone both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and paliperidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pancuronium

              pancuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pancuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of pancuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • papaveretum

              papaveretum and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • papaverine

              loxapine and papaverine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • paroxetine

              paroxetine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • pentazocine

              pentazocine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pentobarbital

              pentobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • perphenazine

              loxapine and perphenazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and perphenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phendimetrazine

              loxapine increases and phendimetrazine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenelzine

              phenelzine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • phenobarbital

              phenobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phentermine

              loxapine increases and phentermine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenylephrine

              loxapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • phenylephrine PO

              loxapine increases and phenylephrine PO decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

            • pholcodine

              loxapine and pholcodine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pimozide

              loxapine and pimozide both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and pimozide both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pirbuterol

              loxapine increases and pirbuterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • pralidoxime

              pralidoxime decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              pralidoxime decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of pralidoxime by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • primidone

              primidone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • procarbazine

              procarbazine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • prochlorperazine

              loxapine and prochlorperazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and prochlorperazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • promethazine

              loxapine and promethazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              promethazine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              promethazine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • propantheline

              propantheline decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              propantheline decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of propantheline by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • propofol

              propofol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • propylhexedrine

              loxapine increases and propylhexedrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • protriptyline

              loxapine and protriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • quazepam

              quazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • quetiapine

              loxapine and quetiapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and quetiapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ramelteon

              loxapine and ramelteon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • rapacuronium

              rapacuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              rapacuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of rapacuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • remimazolam

              remimazolam, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death. Continuously monitor vital signs during sedation and recovery period if coadministered. Carefully titrate remimazolam dose if administered with opioid analgesics and/or sedative/hypnotics.

            • rimabotulinumtoxinB

              loxapine, rimabotulinumtoxinB. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Anticholinergics may enhance botulinum toxin effects. Closely monitor for increased neuromuscular blockade.

            • risperidone

              loxapine and risperidone both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and risperidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • rizatriptan

              rizatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • rocuronium

              rocuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              rocuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of rocuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • salmeterol

              loxapine increases and salmeterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • scopolamine

              scopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              scopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of scopolamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • scullcap

              loxapine and scullcap both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • secobarbital

              secobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • selegiline

              selegiline, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • sevoflurane

              sevoflurane and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • shepherd's purse

              loxapine and shepherd's purse both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

              sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases effects of loxapine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Closely monitor for evidence of enhanced CNS depression when using higher dose of magnesium sulfate together with a CNS depressant.

            • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

              sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases effects of loxapine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Closely monitor for evidence of enhanced CNS depression when using higher dose of magnesium sulfate together with a CNS depressant.

            • solifenacin

              solifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              solifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of solifenacin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • stiripentol

              stiripentol, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use stiripentol with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may increase the risk of sedation and somnolence.

            • sufentanil

              sufentanil and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sumatriptan

              sumatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • sumatriptan intranasal

              sumatriptan intranasal, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • tapentadol

              tapentadol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • teduglutide

              teduglutide increases levels of loxapine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Teduglutide may increase absorption of concomitant PO medications; caution with with drugs requiring titration or those with a narrow therapeutic index; dose adjustment may be necessary.

            • temazepam

              temazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • terbutaline

              loxapine increases and terbutaline decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tetrabenazine

              loxapine and tetrabenazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • thioridazine

              loxapine and thioridazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and thioridazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • thiothixene

              loxapine and thiothixene both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and thiothixene both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tiotropium

              tiotropium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              tiotropium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of tiotropium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • tolterodine

              tolterodine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              tolterodine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of tolterodine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • topiramate

              loxapine and topiramate both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • tramadol

              tramadol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tranylcypromine

              tranylcypromine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • trazodone

              loxapine and trazodone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triazolam

              triazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triclofos

              triclofos and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • trifluoperazine

              loxapine and trifluoperazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and trifluoperazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • trihexyphenidyl

              trihexyphenidyl decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trihexyphenidyl decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of trihexyphenidyl by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for additive anticholinergic effects.

            • trimipramine

              loxapine and trimipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • triprolidine

              triprolidine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • trospium chloride

              trospium chloride decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              trospium chloride decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of trospium chloride by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • vecuronium

              vecuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

              vecuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine increases effects of vecuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.

            • venlafaxine

              venlafaxine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • vilazodone

              vilazodone, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • xylometazoline

              loxapine increases and xylometazoline decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • yohimbine

              loxapine increases and yohimbine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ziconotide

              loxapine and ziconotide both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ziprasidone

              loxapine and ziprasidone both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and ziprasidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • zolmitriptan

              zolmitriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

            • zotepine

              loxapine and zotepine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              loxapine and zotepine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            Minor (6)

            • brimonidine

              brimonidine increases effects of loxapine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased CNS depression.

            • chasteberry

              chasteberry decreases effects of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).

            • ethanol

              ethanol, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive CNS depression.

            • eucalyptus

              loxapine and eucalyptus both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • sage

              loxapine and sage both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • smoking

              smoking decreases levels of loxapine by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

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            Adverse Effects

            Frequency Not Defined

            Common

            • Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
            • Akathisia, dizziness, drug-induced tardive dystonia, dystonia, extrapyramidal disease, parkinsonian, somnolence, tardive dyskinesia
            • Diminished sweating
            • Constipation, xerostomia
            • Blurred vision
            • Urinary retention
            • Nasal congestion

            Serious

            • Prolonged QT interval, torsades de pointes
            • Ineffective thermoregulation, heatstroke or hypothermia (rare), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rare), seizure (rare)
            • Paralytic ileus (rare)
            • Agranulocytosis (rare), disorder of hematopoietic structure (rare), leukopenia (rare), thrombocytopenia (rare)
            • Cholestatic jaundice syndrome (rare)
            • Drug-induced lupus erythematosus, systemic (rare)
            • Priapism (rare)

            Postmarketing Reports

            Falls

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            Warnings

            Black Box Warnings

            Patients with dementia-related psychosis who are treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death as shown in short-term controlled trials. The deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (eg, heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (eg, pneumonia) in nature

            This drug is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis

            Bronchospasm

            • Can cause bronchospasm with potential to lead to respiratory distress and respiratory arrest
            • Available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the ADASUVE REMS
            • Administer only in an enrolled healthcare facility that has immediate access on site to supplies and personnel trained to manage acute bronchospasm, and ready access to emergency response services; facilities must have short-acting bronchodilator, including a nebulizer and inhalation solution, for immediate treatment of bronchospasm
            • Before administering loxapine, screen patients a current diagnosis, history of COPD, asthma, or other lung diseases; examine patients, including chest auscultation for respiratory signs; monitor for signs and symptoms of bronchospasm following treatment with loxapine

            Contraindications

            Documented hypersensitivity; severe CNS depression; severe liver or cardiac disease, bone marrow suppression; narrow-angle glaucoma

            CNS depression (including coma), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), poorly controlled seizure disorder

            Cautions

            Use with extreme caution in patients with a history of convulsive disorders since it lowers convulsive threshold; seizures have been reported in patients receiving drug at antipsychotic dose levels, and may occur in epileptic patients even with maintenance of routine anticonvulsant drug therapy

            The drug has an antiemetic effect in animals; since this effect may also occur in man, therapy may mask signs of overdosage of toxic drugs and may obscure conditions such as intestinal obstruction and brain tumor

            Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease; increased pulse rates reported in majority of patients receiving antipsychotic doses; transient hypotension has been reported

            Watch for hypotension if administering IM; in the presence of severe hypotension requiring vasopressor therapy, the preferred drugs may be norepinephrine or angiotensin; usual doses of epinephrine may be ineffective because of inhibition of its vasopressor effect by the drug

            The possibility of ocular toxicity from therapy cannot be excluded; careful observation should be made for pigmentary retinopathy and lenticular pigmentation since these have been observed in some patients receiving certain other antipsychotic drugs for prolonged periods

            Because of possible anticholinergic action, the drug should be used cautiously in patients with glaucoma or a tendency to urinary retention, particularly with concomitant administration of anticholinergic-type antiparkinson medication

            Experience to date indicates the possibility of a slightly higher incidence of extrapyramidal effects following intramuscular administration than normally anticipated with oral formulations; increase may be attributable to higher plasma levels following intramuscular injection

            Antipsychotic drugs elevate prolactin levels; the elevation persists during chronic administration; tissue culture experiments indicate that approximately one-third of human breast cancers are prolactin-dependent in vitro, a factor of potential importance if the prescription of these drugs is contemplated in a patient with a previously detected breast cancer

            Although disturbances such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and impotence have been reported, clinical significance of elevated serum prolactin levels is unknown for most patients; an increase in mammary neoplasms has been found in rodents after chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs; neither clinical studies nor epidemiologic studies conducted to date, however, have shown an association

            In patients taking benzodiazepines, loxapine should be preceded by stopping benzodiazepine therapy for 2 weeks to avoid drug interactions capable of respiratory depression

            May cause somnolence, postural hypotension, motor and sensory instability, which may lead to falls and, consequently, fractures or other injuries; perform complete fall risk assessments when initiating antipsychotic treatment and recurrently for patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy

            FDA warning regarding off-label use for dementia in elderly

            Can cause bronchospasm that has potential to lead to respiratory distress and respiratory arrest (see BBW)

            Tardive dyskinesia

            • Tardive dyskinesia, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements, may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs
            • Although prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome
            • Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown; both the risk of developing the syndrome and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are believed to increase as the duration of treatment and the total cumulative dose of antipsychotic drugs administered to the patient increase
            • However, the syndrome can develop, although much less commonly, after relatively brief treatment periods at low doses; there is no known treatment for established cases of tardive dyskinesia, although syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is withdrawn
            • Antipsychotic treatment itself, however, may suppress (or partially suppress) signs and symptoms of the syndrome and thereby may possibly mask the underlying disease process
            • The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown; given these considerations, antipsychotics should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely to minimize the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia
            • Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients who suffer from a chronic illness that, is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs, and for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate
            • In patients who do require chronic treatment, the smallest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought; the need for continued treatment should be reassessed periodically
            • If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear in a patient on antipsychotics, drug discontinuation should be considered; however, some patients may require treatment despite the presence of the syndrome

            Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

            • A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs
            • Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmias); the diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated
            • In arriving at a diagnosis, it is important to identify cases where the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness (eg, pneumonia, systemic infection, etc.) and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms (EPS); other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, drug fever, and primary central nervous system (CNS) pathology
            • The management of NMS should include immediate discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring, and treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available
            • There is no general agreement about specific pharmacological treatment regimens for uncomplicated NMS; if a patient requires antipsychotic drug treatment after recovery from NMS, the potential reintroduction of drug therapy should be carefully considered
            • The patient should be carefully monitored since recurrences of NMS have been reported; the drug, like other antipsychotics, may impair mental and/or physical abilities, especially during first few days of therapy; therefore, ambulatory patients should be warned about activities requiring alertness (eg, operating vehicles or machinery) and about concomitant use of alcohol and other CNS depressants
            • The drug has not been evaluated for the management of behavioral complications in patients with mental retardation, and therefore, it cannot be recommended

            Leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis

            • Leukopenia/neutropenia and agranulocytosis reported temporally related to antipsychotic agents
            • Possible risk factors for leukopenia/neutropenia include preexisting low white blood cell count (WBC) and history of drug induced leukopenia/neutropenia
            • Patients with a preexisting low WBC or a history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia should have their complete blood count (CBC) monitored frequently during the first few months of therapy and should discontinue therapy at first sign of a decline in WBC in absence of other causative factors
            • Patients with neutropenia should be carefully monitored for fever or other symptoms or signs of infection and treated promptly if such symptoms or signs occur
            • Patients with severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1000/mm3) should discontinue therapy and have their WBC followed until recovery

            REMS to mitigate bronchospasm

            • Available only through restricted program under a REMS called the ADASUVE REMS
            • Healthcare facilities that dispense and administer therapy must be enrolled and comply with REMS requirements; certified healthcare facilities must be able to provide immediate access on site to supplies and personnel trained to manage acute bronchospasm, and ready access to emergency response services
            • Facilities must have a short-acting bronchodilator (e.g., albuterol), including nebulizers and inhalation solutions, for immediate treatment of bronchospasm
            • Wholesalers and distributors must distribute only to enrolled healthcare facilities
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            Pregnancy & Lactation

            Pregnancy Category: C

            Neonates exposed to antipsychotic drugs during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery

            These complications vary in severity; in some cases, symptoms have been self-limited, while in other cases neonates have required intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization

            Lactation: avoid in breastfeeding

            Pregnancy Categories

            A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

            B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

            C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

            D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

            X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

            NA: Information not available.

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            Pharmacology

            Mechanism of Action

            Dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic; blocks mesolimbic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; also has anti-serotonin 5HT2 activity

            Absorption

            Duration: 12 hr

            Onset: 20-30 min

            Peak plasma time: 1-2 hr (PO); 5 hr (IM)

            Peak plasma concentration: 0.006-0.013 mcg/mL

            Metabolism

            Metabolism: Aromatic hydroxylation, N-demethylation, N-oxidation

            Metabolites: 8-hydroxyloxapine, 7-hydroxyloxapine

            Elimination

            Half-life: 4-12 hr

            Excretion: Urine (56-70%), feces

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            Images

            No images available for this drug.
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            Patient Handout

            Patient Education
            loxapine inhalation

            NO MONOGRAPH AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME

            USES: Consult your pharmacist.

            HOW TO USE: Consult your pharmacist.

            SIDE EFFECTS: Consult your pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

            PRECAUTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.

            DRUG INTERACTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

            OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

            NOTES: No monograph available at this time.

            MISSED DOSE: Consult your pharmacist.

            STORAGE: Consult your pharmacist.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

            Information last revised July 2016. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

            IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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            Formulary

            FormularyPatient Discounts

            Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

            To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

            Adding plans allows you to:

            • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
            • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
            • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
            • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

            The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

            Tier Description
            1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
            2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
            3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
            4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
            Code Definition
            PA Prior Authorization
            Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
            QL Quantity Limits
            Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
            ST Step Therapy
            Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
            OR Other Restrictions
            Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
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            Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.