Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
capsule
- 5mg
- 10mg
- 25mg
- 50mg
Schizophrenia
Initial: 10-25 mg PO q12hr
Maintenance: 60-100 mg/day divided q6-12hr; not to exceed 250 mg/day
Dosing Considerations
For maintenance therapy, reduce dosage to lowest level compatible with symptom control; many patients have been maintained satisfactorily at dosages in the range of 20 to 60 mg daily
Not recommended
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (1)
- amisulpride
amisulpride, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Increases risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Serious - Use Alternative (23)
- apomorphine
loxapine decreases effects of apomorphine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- bromocriptine
loxapine decreases effects of bromocriptine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- cabergoline
loxapine decreases effects of cabergoline by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates
loxapine, calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- dopamine
loxapine decreases effects of dopamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- fentanyl
fentanyl, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- fentanyl intranasal
fentanyl intranasal, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- fentanyl transdermal
fentanyl transdermal, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- fentanyl transmucosal
fentanyl transmucosal, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- hydrocodone
hydrocodone, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- levodopa
loxapine decreases effects of levodopa by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
- lisuride
loxapine decreases effects of lisuride by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- mefloquine
mefloquine increases toxicity of loxapine by QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Mefloquine may enhance the QTc prolonging effect of high risk QTc prolonging agents.
- methyldopa
loxapine decreases effects of methyldopa by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- metoclopramide intranasal
loxapine, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.
loxapine increases toxicity of metoclopramide intranasal by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Potential for additive effects, including increased frequency and severity of tardive dyskinesia, other extrapyramidal symptoms, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. - olopatadine intranasal
loxapine and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.
- pramipexole
loxapine decreases effects of pramipexole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- ropinirole
loxapine decreases effects of ropinirole by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Contraindicated.
- safinamide
loxapine decreases effects of safinamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dopamine antagonists may decrease safinamide effects and exacerbate Parkinson disease symptoms.
- selinexor
selinexor, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Patients treated with selinexor may experience neurological toxicities. Avoid taking selinexor with other medications that may cause dizziness or confusion.
- sodium oxybate
loxapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- sufentanil SL
sufentanil SL, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in hypotension, profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
Monitor Closely (258)
- abobotulinumtoxinA
abobotulinumtoxinA increases effects of loxapine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of anticholinergic drugs after administration of botulinum toxin-containing products may potentiate systemic anticholinergic effects.
- aclidinium
aclidinium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
aclidinium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of aclidinium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - albuterol
loxapine increases and albuterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- alfentanil
alfentanil and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- almotriptan
almotriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- alprazolam
alprazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- amifampridine
loxapine increases toxicity of amifampridine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Amifampridine can cause seizures. Coadministration with drugs that lower seizure threshold may increase this risk.
- amitriptyline
loxapine and amitriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- amobarbital
amobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- amoxapine
loxapine and amoxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
loxapine and amoxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - anticholinergic/sedative combos
anticholinergic/sedative combos decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
anticholinergic/sedative combos decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of anticholinergic/sedative combos by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - apomorphine
loxapine and apomorphine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- arformoterol
loxapine increases and arformoterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- aripiprazole
aripiprazole and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
aripiprazole and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - armodafinil
loxapine increases and armodafinil decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- atracurium
atracurium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
atracurium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of atracurium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - atropine
atropine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
atropine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of atropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - atropine IV/IM
loxapine increases effects of atropine IV/IM by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.
atropine IV/IM decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
atropine IV/IM decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. - azelastine
azelastine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- baclofen
baclofen and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- belladonna alkaloids
belladonna alkaloids decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
belladonna alkaloids decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of belladonna alkaloids by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - belladonna and opium
belladonna and opium and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
belladonna and opium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
belladonna and opium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of belladonna and opium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - benperidol
benperidol and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
benperidol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - benzphetamine
loxapine increases and benzphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- benztropine
loxapine increases effects of benztropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.
- brexanolone
brexanolone, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- brompheniramine
brompheniramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- buprenorphine
buprenorphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- buprenorphine buccal
buprenorphine buccal and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- buprenorphine, long-acting injection
loxapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
- butabarbital
butabarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- butalbital
butalbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- butorphanol
butorphanol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- caffeine
loxapine increases and caffeine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- carbamazepine
loxapine will increase the level or effect of carbamazepine by decreasing metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Monitor plasma levels when used concomitantly
- carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- carisoprodol
carisoprodol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- chloral hydrate
chloral hydrate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- chlordiazepoxide
chlordiazepoxide and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- chlorpheniramine
chlorpheniramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- chlorpromazine
chlorpromazine and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
chlorpromazine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - chlorzoxazone
chlorzoxazone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cinnarizine
cinnarizine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cisatracurium
cisatracurium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
cisatracurium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of cisatracurium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - clemastine
clemastine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clomipramine
loxapine and clomipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clonazepam
clonazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clonidine
clonidine, loxapine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypotensive effects; potential delirium.
- clorazepate
clorazepate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clozapine
clozapine and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
clozapine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - codeine
codeine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cyclizine
cyclizine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
cyclizine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
cyclizine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of cyclizine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cyproheptadine
cyproheptadine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dantrolene
dantrolene and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- daridorexant
loxapine and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.
- darifenacin
darifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
darifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of darifenacin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - desflurane
desflurane and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- desipramine
loxapine and desipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- deutetrabenazine
loxapine and deutetrabenazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. The risk for parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and akathisia may be increased by concomitant use of deutetrabenazine and dopamine antagonists or antipsychotics.
loxapine and deutetrabenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dexfenfluramine
loxapine increases and dexfenfluramine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dexmedetomidine
dexmedetomidine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dexmethylphenidate
loxapine increases and dexmethylphenidate decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dextroamphetamine
loxapine increases and dextroamphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dextromethorphan
dextromethorphan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- dextromoramide
dextromoramide and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- diamorphine
diamorphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- diazepam
diazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dicyclomine
dicyclomine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
dicyclomine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of dicyclomine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - diethylpropion
loxapine increases and diethylpropion decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- difelikefalin
difelikefalin and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- difenoxin hcl
difenoxin hcl and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dihydroergotamine
dihydroergotamine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- dimenhydrinate
dimenhydrinate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- diphenhydramine
diphenhydramine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
diphenhydramine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
diphenhydramine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of diphenhydramine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - diphenoxylate hcl
diphenoxylate hcl and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dipipanone
dipipanone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dobutamine
loxapine increases and dobutamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- donepezil transdermal
donepezil transdermal, loxapine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dopamine
loxapine increases and dopamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dopexamine
loxapine increases and dopexamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- dosulepin
loxapine and dosulepin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- doxepin
loxapine and doxepin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- doxylamine
doxylamine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- droperidol
droperidol and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
droperidol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - eletriptan
eletriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- ephedrine
loxapine increases and ephedrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- epinephrine
loxapine increases and epinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- epinephrine racemic
loxapine increases and epinephrine racemic decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ergoloid mesylates
ergoloid mesylates, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- ergotamine
ergotamine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- esketamine intranasal
esketamine intranasal, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- estazolam
estazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ethanol
loxapine and ethanol both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- etomidate
etomidate and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fenfluramine
loxapine increases and fenfluramine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- fentanyl
fentanyl, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- fesoterodine
fesoterodine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
fesoterodine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of fesoterodine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - flavoxate
flavoxate decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
flavoxate decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of flavoxate by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - flibanserin
flibanserin, loxapine. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- fluphenazine
fluphenazine and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
fluphenazine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - flurazepam
flurazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- formoterol
loxapine increases and formoterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- frovatriptan
frovatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- ganaxolone
loxapine and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- glycopyrrolate
loxapine increases effects of glycopyrrolate by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.
- glycopyrrolate inhaled
glycopyrrolate inhaled decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
glycopyrrolate inhaled decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of glycopyrrolate inhaled by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - glycopyrronium tosylate topical
glycopyrronium tosylate topical, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of glycopyrronium tosylate topical with other anticholinergic medications may result in additive anticholinergic adverse effects.
- guanfacine
guanfacine, loxapine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypotensive effects; potential delirium.
- haloperidol
haloperidol and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
haloperidol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - henbane
henbane decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
henbane decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of henbane by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - homatropine
homatropine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
homatropine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of homatropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - hydromorphone
hydromorphone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- hydroxyzine
hydroxyzine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- hyoscyamine
hyoscyamine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
hyoscyamine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of hyoscyamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - hyoscyamine spray
loxapine increases effects of hyoscyamine spray by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia.
hyoscyamine spray decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
hyoscyamine spray decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. - iloperidone
iloperidone and loxapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
iloperidone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - imipramine
loxapine and imipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- incobotulinumtoxinA
loxapine, incobotulinumtoxinA. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of anticholinergic drugs after administration of botulinum toxin-containing products may potentiate systemic anticholinergic effects.
- ipratropium
ipratropium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
ipratropium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of ipratropium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - isoproterenol
loxapine increases and isoproterenol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketamine
ketamine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketotifen, ophthalmic
loxapine and ketotifen, ophthalmic both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lasmiditan
lasmiditan, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of lasmiditan and other CNS depressant drugs, including alcohol have not been evaluated in clinical studies. Lasmiditan may cause sedation, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions.
- lemborexant
lemborexant, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Dosage adjustment may be necessary if lemborexant is coadministered with other CNS depressants because of potentially additive effects.
- levalbuterol
loxapine increases and levalbuterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- levomilnacipran
levomilnacipran, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- levorphanol
levorphanol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- linezolid
linezolid, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- lisdexamfetamine
loxapine increases and lisdexamfetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lithium
lithium, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- lofepramine
loxapine and lofepramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lofexidine
loxapine and lofexidine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- loprazolam
loprazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lorazepam
lorazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
lorazepam, loxapine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of resp. depression, hypotension. - lorcaserin
lorcaserin, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- lormetazepam
lormetazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lurasidone
lurasidone, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased CNS depressant effects when used concurrently; monitor for increased adverse effects and toxicity.
- maprotiline
loxapine and maprotiline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- maraviroc
maraviroc, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.
- marijuana
loxapine and marijuana both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- meclizine
meclizine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
meclizine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of meclizine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - melatonin
loxapine and melatonin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- meperidine
meperidine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
meperidine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction). - meprobamate
loxapine and meprobamate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- metaproterenol
loxapine increases and metaproterenol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- metaxalone
metaxalone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- methadone
methadone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
methadone, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction). - methamphetamine
loxapine increases and methamphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- methocarbamol
methocarbamol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- methscopolamine
methscopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
methscopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of methscopolamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - methylenedioxymethamphetamine
loxapine increases and methylenedioxymethamphetamine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- methylergonovine
methylergonovine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- methylphenidate
loxapine increases toxicity of methylphenidate by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Closely monitor for signs of altered clinical response to either methylphenidate or an antipsychotic when using these drugs in combination.
- metoclopramide
loxapine and metoclopramide both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
- midazolam
midazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- midazolam intranasal
midazolam intranasal, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.
- midodrine
loxapine increases and midodrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- milnacipran
milnacipran, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- mirtazapine
loxapine and mirtazapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- modafinil
loxapine increases and modafinil decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- morphine
morphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- motherwort
loxapine and motherwort both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- moxonidine
loxapine and moxonidine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nabilone
loxapine and nabilone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nalbuphine
nalbuphine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- naratriptan
naratriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- norepinephrine
loxapine increases and norepinephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- nortriptyline
loxapine and nortriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- olanzapine
loxapine and olanzapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and olanzapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - oliceridine
oliceridine, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- onabotulinumtoxinA
onabotulinumtoxinA decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
onabotulinumtoxinA decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of onabotulinumtoxinA by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - opium tincture
opium tincture and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- oxazepam
oxazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- oxybutynin
oxybutynin decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
oxybutynin decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of oxybutynin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - oxybutynin topical
oxybutynin topical decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
oxybutynin topical decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of oxybutynin topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - oxybutynin transdermal
oxybutynin transdermal decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
oxybutynin transdermal decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of oxybutynin transdermal by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - oxycodone
oxycodone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- oxymorphone
oxymorphone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- paliperidone
loxapine and paliperidone both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and paliperidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - pancuronium
pancuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
pancuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of pancuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - papaveretum
papaveretum and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- papaverine
loxapine and papaverine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- paroxetine
paroxetine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- pentazocine
pentazocine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pentobarbital
pentobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- perphenazine
loxapine and perphenazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and perphenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - phendimetrazine
loxapine increases and phendimetrazine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenelzine
phenelzine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- phenobarbital
phenobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phentermine
loxapine increases and phentermine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenylephrine
loxapine increases and phenylephrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- phenylephrine PO
loxapine increases and phenylephrine PO decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .
- pholcodine
loxapine and pholcodine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pimozide
loxapine and pimozide both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and pimozide both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - pirbuterol
loxapine increases and pirbuterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- pralidoxime
pralidoxime decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
pralidoxime decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of pralidoxime by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - primidone
primidone and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- procarbazine
procarbazine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- prochlorperazine
loxapine and prochlorperazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and prochlorperazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - promethazine
loxapine and promethazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
promethazine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
promethazine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction). - propantheline
propantheline decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
propantheline decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of propantheline by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - propofol
propofol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- propylhexedrine
loxapine increases and propylhexedrine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- protriptyline
loxapine and protriptyline both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- quazepam
quazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- quetiapine
loxapine and quetiapine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and quetiapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - ramelteon
loxapine and ramelteon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rapacuronium
rapacuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
rapacuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of rapacuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - remimazolam
remimazolam, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death. Continuously monitor vital signs during sedation and recovery period if coadministered. Carefully titrate remimazolam dose if administered with opioid analgesics and/or sedative/hypnotics.
- rimabotulinumtoxinB
loxapine, rimabotulinumtoxinB. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Anticholinergics may enhance botulinum toxin effects. Closely monitor for increased neuromuscular blockade.
- risperidone
loxapine and risperidone both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and risperidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - rizatriptan
rizatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- rocuronium
rocuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
rocuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of rocuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - salmeterol
loxapine increases and salmeterol decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- scopolamine
scopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
scopolamine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of scopolamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - scullcap
loxapine and scullcap both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- secobarbital
secobarbital and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- selegiline
selegiline, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- sevoflurane
sevoflurane and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- shepherd's purse
loxapine and shepherd's purse both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride
sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases effects of loxapine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Closely monitor for evidence of enhanced CNS depression when using higher dose of magnesium sulfate together with a CNS depressant.
- sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate
sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases effects of loxapine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Closely monitor for evidence of enhanced CNS depression when using higher dose of magnesium sulfate together with a CNS depressant.
- solifenacin
solifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
solifenacin decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of solifenacin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - stiripentol
stiripentol, loxapine. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use stiripentol with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may increase the risk of sedation and somnolence.
- sufentanil
sufentanil and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- sumatriptan
sumatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- sumatriptan intranasal
sumatriptan intranasal, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- tapentadol
tapentadol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- teduglutide
teduglutide increases levels of loxapine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Teduglutide may increase absorption of concomitant PO medications; caution with with drugs requiring titration or those with a narrow therapeutic index; dose adjustment may be necessary.
- temazepam
temazepam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- terbutaline
loxapine increases and terbutaline decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tetrabenazine
loxapine and tetrabenazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- thioridazine
loxapine and thioridazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and thioridazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - thiothixene
loxapine and thiothixene both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and thiothixene both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - tiotropium
tiotropium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
tiotropium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of tiotropium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - tolterodine
tolterodine decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
tolterodine decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of tolterodine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - topiramate
loxapine and topiramate both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- tramadol
tramadol and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- tranylcypromine
tranylcypromine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- trazodone
loxapine and trazodone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- triazolam
triazolam and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- triclofos
triclofos and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- trifluoperazine
loxapine and trifluoperazine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and trifluoperazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - trihexyphenidyl
trihexyphenidyl decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
trihexyphenidyl decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of trihexyphenidyl by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for additive anticholinergic effects. - trimipramine
loxapine and trimipramine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- triprolidine
triprolidine and loxapine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- trospium chloride
trospium chloride decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
trospium chloride decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of trospium chloride by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - vecuronium
vecuronium decreases levels of loxapine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.
vecuronium decreases levels of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine increases effects of vecuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive anticholinergic effects, possible hypoglycemia. - venlafaxine
venlafaxine, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- vilazodone
vilazodone, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- xylometazoline
loxapine increases and xylometazoline decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- yohimbine
loxapine increases and yohimbine decreases sedation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ziconotide
loxapine and ziconotide both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ziprasidone
loxapine and ziprasidone both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and ziprasidone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. - zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
- zotepine
loxapine and zotepine both increase antidopaminergic effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.
loxapine and zotepine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
Minor (6)
- brimonidine
brimonidine increases effects of loxapine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased CNS depression.
- chasteberry
chasteberry decreases effects of loxapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction).
- ethanol
ethanol, loxapine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive CNS depression.
- eucalyptus
loxapine and eucalyptus both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- sage
loxapine and sage both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- smoking
smoking decreases levels of loxapine by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Common
- Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
- Akathisia, dizziness, drug-induced tardive dystonia, dystonia, extrapyramidal disease, parkinsonian, somnolence, tardive dyskinesia
- Diminished sweating
- Constipation, xerostomia
- Blurred vision
- Urinary retention
- Nasal congestion
Serious
- Prolonged QT interval, torsades de pointes
- Ineffective thermoregulation, heatstroke or hypothermia (rare), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rare), seizure (rare)
- Paralytic ileus (rare)
- Agranulocytosis (rare), disorder of hematopoietic structure (rare), leukopenia (rare), thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Cholestatic jaundice syndrome (rare)
- Drug-induced lupus erythematosus, systemic (rare)
- Priapism (rare)
Postmarketing Reports
Falls
Warnings
Black Box Warnings
Patients with dementia-related psychosis who are treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death as shown in short-term controlled trials. The deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (eg, heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (eg, pneumonia) in nature
This drug is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis
Bronchospasm
- Can cause bronchospasm with potential to lead to respiratory distress and respiratory arrest
- Available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the ADASUVE REMS
- Administer only in an enrolled healthcare facility that has immediate access on site to supplies and personnel trained to manage acute bronchospasm, and ready access to emergency response services; facilities must have short-acting bronchodilator, including a nebulizer and inhalation solution, for immediate treatment of bronchospasm
- Before administering loxapine, screen patients a current diagnosis, history of COPD, asthma, or other lung diseases; examine patients, including chest auscultation for respiratory signs; monitor for signs and symptoms of bronchospasm following treatment with loxapine
Contraindications
Documented hypersensitivity; severe CNS depression; severe liver or cardiac disease, bone marrow suppression; narrow-angle glaucoma
CNS depression (including coma), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), poorly controlled seizure disorder
Cautions
Use with extreme caution in patients with a history of convulsive disorders since it lowers convulsive threshold; seizures have been reported in patients receiving drug at antipsychotic dose levels, and may occur in epileptic patients even with maintenance of routine anticonvulsant drug therapy
The drug has an antiemetic effect in animals; since this effect may also occur in man, therapy may mask signs of overdosage of toxic drugs and may obscure conditions such as intestinal obstruction and brain tumor
Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease; increased pulse rates reported in majority of patients receiving antipsychotic doses; transient hypotension has been reported
Watch for hypotension if administering IM; in the presence of severe hypotension requiring vasopressor therapy, the preferred drugs may be norepinephrine or angiotensin; usual doses of epinephrine may be ineffective because of inhibition of its vasopressor effect by the drug
The possibility of ocular toxicity from therapy cannot be excluded; careful observation should be made for pigmentary retinopathy and lenticular pigmentation since these have been observed in some patients receiving certain other antipsychotic drugs for prolonged periods
Because of possible anticholinergic action, the drug should be used cautiously in patients with glaucoma or a tendency to urinary retention, particularly with concomitant administration of anticholinergic-type antiparkinson medication
Experience to date indicates the possibility of a slightly higher incidence of extrapyramidal effects following intramuscular administration than normally anticipated with oral formulations; increase may be attributable to higher plasma levels following intramuscular injection
Antipsychotic drugs elevate prolactin levels; the elevation persists during chronic administration; tissue culture experiments indicate that approximately one-third of human breast cancers are prolactin-dependent in vitro, a factor of potential importance if the prescription of these drugs is contemplated in a patient with a previously detected breast cancer
Although disturbances such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and impotence have been reported, clinical significance of elevated serum prolactin levels is unknown for most patients; an increase in mammary neoplasms has been found in rodents after chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs; neither clinical studies nor epidemiologic studies conducted to date, however, have shown an association
In patients taking benzodiazepines, loxapine should be preceded by stopping benzodiazepine therapy for 2 weeks to avoid drug interactions capable of respiratory depression
May cause somnolence, postural hypotension, motor and sensory instability, which may lead to falls and, consequently, fractures or other injuries; perform complete fall risk assessments when initiating antipsychotic treatment and recurrently for patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy
FDA warning regarding off-label use for dementia in elderly
Can cause bronchospasm that has potential to lead to respiratory distress and respiratory arrest (see BBW)
Tardive dyskinesia
- Tardive dyskinesia, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements, may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs
- Although prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome
- Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown; both the risk of developing the syndrome and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are believed to increase as the duration of treatment and the total cumulative dose of antipsychotic drugs administered to the patient increase
- However, the syndrome can develop, although much less commonly, after relatively brief treatment periods at low doses; there is no known treatment for established cases of tardive dyskinesia, although syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is withdrawn
- Antipsychotic treatment itself, however, may suppress (or partially suppress) signs and symptoms of the syndrome and thereby may possibly mask the underlying disease process
- The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown; given these considerations, antipsychotics should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely to minimize the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia
- Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients who suffer from a chronic illness that, is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs, and for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate
- In patients who do require chronic treatment, the smallest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought; the need for continued treatment should be reassessed periodically
- If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear in a patient on antipsychotics, drug discontinuation should be considered; however, some patients may require treatment despite the presence of the syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs
- Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmias); the diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated
- In arriving at a diagnosis, it is important to identify cases where the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness (eg, pneumonia, systemic infection, etc.) and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms (EPS); other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, drug fever, and primary central nervous system (CNS) pathology
- The management of NMS should include immediate discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring, and treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available
- There is no general agreement about specific pharmacological treatment regimens for uncomplicated NMS; if a patient requires antipsychotic drug treatment after recovery from NMS, the potential reintroduction of drug therapy should be carefully considered
- The patient should be carefully monitored since recurrences of NMS have been reported; the drug, like other antipsychotics, may impair mental and/or physical abilities, especially during first few days of therapy; therefore, ambulatory patients should be warned about activities requiring alertness (eg, operating vehicles or machinery) and about concomitant use of alcohol and other CNS depressants
- The drug has not been evaluated for the management of behavioral complications in patients with mental retardation, and therefore, it cannot be recommended
Leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis
- Leukopenia/neutropenia and agranulocytosis reported temporally related to antipsychotic agents
- Possible risk factors for leukopenia/neutropenia include preexisting low white blood cell count (WBC) and history of drug induced leukopenia/neutropenia
- Patients with a preexisting low WBC or a history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia should have their complete blood count (CBC) monitored frequently during the first few months of therapy and should discontinue therapy at first sign of a decline in WBC in absence of other causative factors
- Patients with neutropenia should be carefully monitored for fever or other symptoms or signs of infection and treated promptly if such symptoms or signs occur
- Patients with severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1000/mm3) should discontinue therapy and have their WBC followed until recovery
REMS to mitigate bronchospasm
- Available only through restricted program under a REMS called the ADASUVE REMS
- Healthcare facilities that dispense and administer therapy must be enrolled and comply with REMS requirements; certified healthcare facilities must be able to provide immediate access on site to supplies and personnel trained to manage acute bronchospasm, and ready access to emergency response services
- Facilities must have a short-acting bronchodilator (e.g., albuterol), including nebulizers and inhalation solutions, for immediate treatment of bronchospasm
- Wholesalers and distributors must distribute only to enrolled healthcare facilities
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Neonates exposed to antipsychotic drugs during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery
These complications vary in severity; in some cases, symptoms have been self-limited, while in other cases neonates have required intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization
Lactation: avoid in breastfeeding
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic; blocks mesolimbic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; also has anti-serotonin 5HT2 activity
Absorption
Duration: 12 hr
Onset: 20-30 min
Peak plasma time: 1-2 hr (PO); 5 hr (IM)
Peak plasma concentration: 0.006-0.013 mcg/mL
Metabolism
Metabolism: Aromatic hydroxylation, N-demethylation, N-oxidation
Metabolites: 8-hydroxyloxapine, 7-hydroxyloxapine
Elimination
Half-life: 4-12 hr
Excretion: Urine (56-70%), feces
Images
Patient Handout
loxapine inhalation
NO MONOGRAPH AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME
USES: Consult your pharmacist.
HOW TO USE: Consult your pharmacist.
SIDE EFFECTS: Consult your pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.
NOTES: No monograph available at this time.
MISSED DOSE: Consult your pharmacist.
STORAGE: Consult your pharmacist.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.
Information last revised July 2016. Copyright(c) 2022 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
Formulary
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