sodium oxybate (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Xyrem, oxybate sodium, more...GHB (synonym), Lumryz

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

immediate-releaase oral solution (Xyrem), Schedule III

  • 500mg/mL

powder or oral extended-release suspension (Lumryz), Schedule III

  • 4.5 g/packet
  • 6 g/packet
  • 7.5 g/packet
  • 9 g/packet

Narcolepsy

Indicated for cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with narcolepsy

Oral extended-release suspension (Lumryz)

  • Initial: 4.5 g per night PO; administer as a single bedtime dose
  • Increase dose by 1.5 g/night at weekly intervals to recommended dosage range of 6-9 g once per night
  • May be gradually titrated based on efficacy and tolerability; doses >9 g/night have not been studied and should not ordinarily be administered
  • Switching from immediate-release sodium oxybate to Lumryz
    • Switched to nearest equivalent dosage in grams/night (eg, 7.5 g sodium oxybate divided into two 3.75-g doses per night to 7.5 g Lumryz once per night)

Oral immediate-release solution (Xyrem)

  • Initial: 4.5 g per night PO divided in 2 doses; take 2.25 g HS and 2.25 g taken 2.5-4 hr later
  • Increase dose by 1.5 g/night at weekly intervals (additional 0.75 g at bedtime and 0.75 g taken 2.5-4 hr later) to the effective dose range of 6-9 g/night PO; not to exceed 9 g/night
  • Recommended dose regimens
    • 4.5 g/night: 2.25 g HS and 2.25 g 2.5-4 hr later
    • 6 g/night: 3 g HS and 3 g 2.5-4 hr later
    • 7.5 g/night: 3.75 g HS and 3.75 g 2.5-4 hr later
    • 9 g/night: 4.5 g HS and 4.5 g 2.5-4 hr later

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment: No dose adjustment necessary

Hepatic impairment

  • Immediate-release oral solution (Xyrem): Reduce initial dosage by one-half of the original dosage per night, divided into 2 doses
  • Extended-release oral suspension (Lumryz)
    • Do not initiate in patients with liver impairment
    • Appropriate dosage adjustments for initiation cannot be made with the available dosage strengths
    • Patients with hepatic impairment who have been titrated to a maintenance dosage of another oxybate product can be switched to Lumryz if the appropriate dosage strength is available

Coadministration with divalproex sodium

  • Immediate-release oral solution (Xyrem)
    • Patients already stabilized on sodium oxybate: When adding divalproex sodium, reduce initial nightly sodium oxybate dose by ≥20%
    • Patients already taking divalproex sodium: Initiate sodium oxybate at a lower starting dose; monitor response and adjust dose accordingly
  • Extended-release oral suspension (Lumryz)
    • Drug interaction study in healthy adults was conducted with Lumryz and divalproex sodium
    • Coadministration of a single 6-g dose with divalproex sodium ER at steady state resulted in an ~18% increase in sodium oxybate AUC which is not expected to be clinically meaningful, while Cmax was comparable
    • A single dose Lumryz (6 g) did not appear to affect divalproex sodium; however, a pharmacodynamic interaction between sodium oxybate and divalproex sodium, a sedative antiepileptic drug, cannot be ruled out

Dosage Forms & Strengths

oral solution, Schedule III

  • 500mg/mL

Narcolepsy

Indicated for cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients aged ≥7 years with narcolepsy

<7 years: Safety and efficacy not established

≥7 years

  • <20 kg: Consider a lower starting dosage, maximum weekly dosage increases, and total maximum nightly dosage; unequal dosages may be required for some patients to achieve optimal treatment
  • 20 to <30 kg: Initiate at ≤1 g HS and ≤1 g; may increase at weekly intervals up to 0.5-g/dose; not to exceed 3 g/dose
  • 30 to <45 kg: Initiate at ≤1.5 gram HS and ≤1.5 g; may increase at weekly intervals up to 0.5-g/dose; not to exceed 3.75 g/dose
  • ≥45 kg: Initiate at ≤2.25 g HS and ≤2.25 g; may increase at weekly intervals up to 0.75-g/dose; not to exceed 4.5 g/dose

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment: No dose adjustment necessary

Hepatic impairment

  • Reduce initial dosage by one-half of the original dosage per night, divided into 2 doses

Coadministration with divalproex sodium

  • Patients already stabilized on sodium oxybate: When adding divalproex sodium, reduce initial nightly sodium oxybate dose by ≥20%
  • Patients already taking divalproex sodium: Initiate sodium oxybate at a lower starting dose; monitor response and adjust dose accordingly
Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and sodium oxybate

No Results

     activity indicator 
    No Interactions Found
    Interactions Found

    Contraindicated

      Serious - Use Alternative

        Significant - Monitor Closely

          Minor

            All Interactions Sort By:
             activity indicator 

            Contraindicated (15)

            • amobarbital

              amobarbital, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • azelastine

              azelastine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • butabarbital

              butabarbital, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • chloral hydrate

              chloral hydrate, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • estazolam

              estazolam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • eszopiclone

              eszopiclone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • ethanol

              ethanol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • flurazepam

              flurazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • phenobarbital

              phenobarbital, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Prescribing information for sodium oxybate states coadministration with alcohol or insomnia drugs is contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • quazepam

              quazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • ramelteon

              ramelteon, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • sufentanil SL

              sufentanil SL, sodium oxybate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered.

            • temazepam

              temazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • zaleplon

              zaleplon, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • zolpidem

              zolpidem, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            Serious - Use Alternative (127)

            • alfentanil

              alfentanil, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • alprazolam

              alprazolam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • amitriptyline

              amitriptyline, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • amoxapine

              amoxapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • apomorphine

              apomorphine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • aripiprazole

              aripiprazole, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • baclofen

              baclofen, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • belladonna and opium

              belladonna and opium, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • benperidol

              benperidol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

              benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, sodium oxybate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • brompheniramine

              brompheniramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • buprenorphine

              buprenorphine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • buprenorphine buccal

              buprenorphine buccal, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • butalbital

              butalbital, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • butorphanol

              butorphanol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • carbinoxamine

              carbinoxamine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • carisoprodol

              carisoprodol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • chlordiazepoxide

              chlordiazepoxide, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • chlorpheniramine

              chlorpheniramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • chlorpromazine

              chlorpromazine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • chlorzoxazone

              chlorzoxazone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • cinnarizine

              cinnarizine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • clemastine

              clemastine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • clomipramine

              clomipramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • clonazepam

              clonazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • clonidine

              clonidine, sodium oxybate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration enhances CNS depressant effects.

            • clorazepate

              clorazepate, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • clozapine

              clozapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • codeine

              codeine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • cyclizine

              cyclizine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • cyclobenzaprine

              cyclobenzaprine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • cyproheptadine

              cyproheptadine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • dantrolene

              dantrolene, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • desflurane

              desflurane, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • desipramine

              desipramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • dexchlorpheniramine

              dexchlorpheniramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • dexmedetomidine

              dexmedetomidine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • dextromoramide

              dextromoramide, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • diamorphine

              diamorphine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • diazepam

              diazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • difenoxin hcl

              difenoxin hcl, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • dimenhydrinate

              dimenhydrinate, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • diphenhydramine

              diphenhydramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • diphenoxylate hcl

              diphenoxylate hcl, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • dipipanone

              dipipanone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • doxepin

              doxepin, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • doxylamine

              doxylamine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • droperidol

              droperidol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • ethosuximide

              ethosuximide, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • etomidate

              etomidate, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • fluphenazine

              fluphenazine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • haloperidol

              haloperidol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • hydrocodone

              hydrocodone, sodium oxybate. Either increases levels of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • hydromorphone

              hydromorphone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • hydroxyzine

              hydroxyzine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • iloperidone

              iloperidone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • imipramine

              imipramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • ketamine

              ketamine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • levorphanol

              levorphanol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • lofepramine

              lofepramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • lofexidine

              lofexidine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • loprazolam

              loprazolam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • lorazepam

              lorazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • lormetazepam

              lormetazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • loxapine

              loxapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • loxapine inhaled

              loxapine inhaled, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • maprotiline

              maprotiline, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • marijuana

              marijuana, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • melatonin

              melatonin, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • meperidine

              meperidine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • meprobamate

              meprobamate, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • metaxalone

              metaxalone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • methadone

              methadone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • methocarbamol

              methocarbamol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • metoclopramide intranasal

              sodium oxybate, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.

            • midazolam

              midazolam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • mirtazapine

              mirtazapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • morphine

              morphine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • motherwort

              motherwort, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • moxonidine

              moxonidine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • nabilone

              nabilone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • nalbuphine

              nalbuphine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • nortriptyline

              nortriptyline, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • olanzapine

              olanzapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • olopatadine intranasal

              sodium oxybate and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

            • opium tincture

              opium tincture, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • orphenadrine

              orphenadrine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • oxazepam

              oxazepam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • oxycodone

              oxycodone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • oxymorphone

              oxymorphone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • paliperidone

              paliperidone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • papaveretum

              papaveretum, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • papaverine

              papaverine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • pentazocine

              pentazocine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • pentobarbital

              pentobarbital, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • perphenazine

              perphenazine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • phenytoin

              phenytoin, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • pholcodine

              pholcodine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • pimozide

              pimozide, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • primidone

              primidone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • prochlorperazine

              prochlorperazine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • promethazine

              promethazine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • propofol

              propofol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • protriptyline

              protriptyline, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • quetiapine

              quetiapine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • risperidone

              risperidone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • ropeginterferon alfa 2b

              ropeginterferon alfa 2b and sodium oxybate both increase Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Narcotics, hypnotics or sedatives can produce additive neuropsychiatric side effects. Avoid use and monitor patients receiving the combination for effects of excessive CNS toxicity.

            • rotigotine

              rotigotine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • scullcap

              scullcap, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • secobarbital

              secobarbital, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.

            • sevoflurane

              sevoflurane, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • shepherd's purse

              shepherd's purse, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • sufentanil

              sufentanil, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • tapentadol

              tapentadol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • thioridazine

              thioridazine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • thiothixene

              thiothixene, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • topiramate

              sodium oxybate, topiramate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • tramadol

              tramadol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • trazodone

              trazodone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • triazolam

              triazolam, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • triclofos

              triclofos, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • trifluoperazine

              trifluoperazine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • trimipramine

              trimipramine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • triprolidine

              triprolidine, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • valproic acid

              valproic acid increases levels of sodium oxybate by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: If stabilized on sodium oxybate, decrease nightly dose by at least 20% when starting valproic acid; if already taking valproic acid, use a lower starting sodium oxybate dose; monitor dose and adjust dose accordingly.

            • ziconotide

              sodium oxybate, ziconotide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • ziprasidone

              ziprasidone, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            Monitor Closely (29)

            • acrivastine

              acrivastine and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amisulpride

              amisulpride and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • asenapine

              asenapine and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • asenapine transdermal

              asenapine transdermal and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • avapritinib

              avapritinib and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

              benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brexanolone

              brexanolone, sodium oxybate. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brexpiprazole

              brexpiprazole and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brimonidine

              brimonidine and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • brivaracetam

              brivaracetam and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine subdermal implant

              buprenorphine subdermal implant and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine transdermal

              buprenorphine transdermal and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • buprenorphine, long-acting injection

              buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cenobamate

              cenobamate, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • daridorexant

              sodium oxybate and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

            • difelikefalin

              difelikefalin and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • esketamine intranasal

              esketamine intranasal, sodium oxybate. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • fentanyl

              fentanyl and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fentanyl intranasal

              fentanyl intranasal and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system

              fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fentanyl transdermal

              fentanyl transdermal and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • food

              food decreases levels of sodium oxybate by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Allow at least 2 hr after eating before taking first dose of sodium oxybate; try to minimize variability in timing of dose in relation to meals.

            • ganaxolone

              sodium oxybate and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lasmiditan

              lasmiditan, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of lasmiditan and other CNS depressant drugs, including alcohol have not been evaluated in clinical studies. Lasmiditan may cause sedation, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions.

            • lemborexant

              lemborexant will increase the level or effect of sodium oxybate by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Dosage adjustment may be necessary if lemborexant is coadministered with other CNS depressants because of potentially additive effects.

            • midazolam intranasal

              midazolam intranasal, sodium oxybate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.

            • oliceridine

              sodium oxybate, oliceridine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

            • remimazolam

              remimazolam, sodium oxybate. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death. Continuously monitor vital signs during sedation and recovery period if coadministered. Carefully titrate remimazolam dose if administered with opioid analgesics and/or sedative/hypnotics.

            • stiripentol

              stiripentol, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use stiripentol with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may increase the risk of sedation and somnolence.

            Minor (2)

            • eucalyptus

              eucalyptus and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • sage

              sage and sodium oxybate both increase sedation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            Previous
            Next:

            Adverse Effects

            >10%

            Headache (20-25%)

            Nausea (8-20%)

            Dizziness (4-15%)

            Pharyngitis (10-19%)

            Infection (10-19%)

            Vomiting (2-11%)

            Pediatric patients

            • Enuresis (18%)
            • Nausea (17%)
            • Headache (16%)
            • Vomiting (16%)
            • Weight decreased (12%)

            1-10%

            Somnolence (1-8%)

            Enuresis (3-7%)

            Diarrhea (2-4%)

            Disturbance in attention (1-4%)

            Sleep walking (3%)

            Upper abdominal pain (2-3%)

            Pain (<3%)

            Feeling drunk (<3%)

            Peripheral edema (1-3%)

            Disorientation (1-3%)

            Sleep paralysis (1-3%)

            Pain in extremity (1-3%)

            Irritability (<3%)

            Paresthesia (2-3%)

            Cataplexy (1-2%)

            Anxiety (1-2%)

            Dry mouth (1-2%)

            Muscle spasms (<2%)

            Pediatric patients

            • Decreased appetite (8%)
            • Dizziness (6%)

            <1%

            Psychosis

            Paranoia

            Hallucinations

            Agitation

            Postmarketing Reports

            Arthralgia

            Decreased appetite

            Fall

            Fluid retention

            Hangover

            Hypersensitivity

            Hypertension

            Memory impairment

            Nocturia

            Panic attack

            Vision blurred

            Weight decreased

            Aggression

            Previous
            Next:

            Warnings

            Black Box Warnings

            Central nervous system (CNS)

            • Sodium oxybate is a CNS depressant
            • In clinical trials at recommended doses, obtundation and clinically significant respiratory depression occurred in adults
            • During clinical trials in narcolepsy, many patients were also receiving CNS stimulants

            Abuse and misuse

            • Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
            • Abuse or misuse of illicit GHB, either alone or in combination with other CNS depressants, is associated with CNS adverse reactions, including seizure, respiratory depression, decreases in level of consciousness, coma, and death

            Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program

            • Owing to the risks of CNS depression and abuse and misuse, available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the Xyrem REMS Program
            • Requirements of the Xyrem REMS Program include the following:
              • Prescribing healthcare providers are specially certified
              • Dispensing pharmacies are specially certified
              • Drug will be dispensed and shipped only to patients who are enrolled in the Xyrem REMS Program with documentation of safe use
              • Further information is available at www.XYREMREMS.com or 1-866-XYREM88® (1-866-997- 3688)

            Contraindications

            Hypersensitivity

            Concomitant sedative-hypnotic drugs or other drugs used for insomnia

            Coadministration with alcohol

            Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

            Cautions

            Xyrem is a Schedule III controlled substance; sodium oxybate or gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), the active ingredient, is a Schedule I controlled substance

            Abuse of illicit GHB, either alone or in combination with other CNS depressants, is associated with CNS adverse reactions, including seizure, respiratory depression, decreases in the level of consciousness, coma, and death

            Illicit use and abuse of GHB reported, carefully evaluate for a history of drug abuse and closely monitor for signs of misuse or abuse of GHB (see Contraindications); discontinue use if abuse suspected

            Risks of depression, confusion, neuropsychiatric events including hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis, aggression, and agitation reported; use caution when considering concurrent use of sodium oxybate with other CNS depressants; monitor patients for emergent or increased depression and suicidality

            Drug may impair respiratory drive, especially in patients with compromised respiratory function; increased apnea and reduced oxygenation may occur in adult and pediatric patients; a significant increase in number of central apneas and clinically significant oxygen desaturation may occur in patients with obstructive sleep apnea receiving therapy

            Only take at bedtime; monitor for impaired motor/cognitive function; caution patients against hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness or motor coordination within the first 6 hr of dosing or after first initiating treatment until certain that sodium oxybate does not affect them adversely; do not operate machinery for at least 6 hr after dose

            Prescribers should be aware that sleep-related breathing disorders tend to be more prevalent in obese patients, in men, in postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy and among patients with narcolepsy

            Unclear if some or all of the reported sleepwalking episodes correspond to true somnambulism, which is a parasomnia occurring during non-REM sleep, or to any other specific medical disorder; five instances of sleepwalking with potential injury or significant injury were reported during a clinical trial in patients with narcolepsy

            Sudden onset of sleep in patients receiving therapy, including in a standing position or while rising from bed, has led to falls complicated by injuries, in some cases requiring hospitalization

            Use with caution in patients with sleep apnea; prescribers should be aware that increased central apneas and clinically relevant desaturation events have been observed in adult and pediatric patients

            Do not drink alcoholic beverages (see Contraindications)

            Sodium intake

            • Product has high salt content; caution in patients who are sensitive to salt intake (eg, heart failure, renal impairment, hypertension)
            • Approximate sodium content per total nightly dose
              • 3 gram/night: 550 mg of sodium
              • 4.5 gram/night: 820 mg of sodium
              • 6 gram/night: 1100 mg of sodium
              • 7.5 gram/night: 1400 mg of sodium
              • 9 gram/night: 1640 mg of sodium

            Drug interactions overview

            • Coadministration with divalproex sodium resulted in a 25% mean increase in systemic exposure to sodium oxybate and greater impairment on some tests of attention and working memory; an initial dose reduction is recommended when used concomitantly with divalproex sodium;prescribers are advised to monitor patient response closely and adjust dose accordingly if concomitant use with divalproex sodium is warranted
            • CNS depressants
              • Concurrent use with other CNS depressants (eg, opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, sedating antidepressants or antipsychotics, sedating antiepileptic drugs, general anesthetics, muscle relaxants, illicit CNS depressants) may increase the risk of respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, syncope, and death
              • If sodium oxybate must be combined with these CNS depressants, consider reducing dose or discontinuation of one or more CNS depressants (including sodium oxybate)
              • If short-term use opioid use required (eg, postoperative, perioperative), consider interrupting sodium oxybate treatment
            Previous
            Next:

            Pregnancy & Lactation

            Pregnancy

            There are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with use in pregnant women

            Clinical considerations

            • Not studied in labor and delivery
            • In obstetric anesthesia using an injectable formulation, newborns had stable cardiovascular and respiratory measures but were very sleepy, causing a slight decrease in Apgar scores; there was a fall in rate of uterine contractions 20 minutes after injection; placental transfer is rapid; subsequent effects of sodium oxybate on later growth, development, and maturation in humans are unknown
            • Placental transfer is rapid and GHB detected in newborns at delivery after IV administration of GHB to mother

            Animal data

            • Oral administration to pregnant rats or rabbits throughout organogenesis produced no clear evidence of developmental toxicity; however, oral administration to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation resulted in increased stillbirths and decreased offspring postnatal viability and growth, at a clinically relevant dose

            Lactation

            GHB is excreted in human milk after oral administration of sodium oxybate

            There is insufficient information on risk to a breastfed infant, and there is insufficient information on milk production in nursing mothers

            Consider developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding along with mother’s clinical need for therapy and any potential adverse effects on breastfed infant from drug or from underlying maternal condition

            Pregnancy Categories

            A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

            B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

            C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

            D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

            X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

            NA: Information not available.

            Previous
            Next:

            Pharmacology

            Mechanism of Action

            CNS depressant; sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of gamma hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous compound and metabolite of the neurotransmitter GABA

            It is hypothesized that the therapeutic effects on cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness are mediated through GABAB actions at noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons, as well as at thalamocortical neurons

            Absorption

            Bioavailability: 88% (fasting)

            Peak plasma time: 0.5-1.25 hr (fasting); 0.75-2 hr (high fat meal)

            Food delays absorption and a reduction in peak plasma concentration by a mean of 59% and of systemic exposure (AUC) by 37%

            Distribution

            Protein bound: <1%

            Vd: 190-384 mL/kg

            Metabolism

            Major elimination pathway is by producing carbon dioxide and water via the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle and secondarily by beta-oxidation

            Primary pathway involves a cytosolic NADP+-linked enzyme, GHB dehydrogenase that catalyzes the conversion of sodium oxybate to succinic semialdehyde, which is then biotransformed to succinic acid by succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

            Succinic acid enters the Krebs cycle where it is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water

            Elimination

            Half-life: 0.5-1 hr

            Clearance is almost entirely by biotransformation to CO2, which is then eliminated by expiration

            Excretion: Mostly lung (expiration of CO2); <5% urine

            Previous
            Next:

            Administration

            Oral Administration

            Administer at least 2 hr after eating

            Extended-release oral suspension

            • Suspend powder for dose in ~80 mL (1/3 cup) of water in mixing cup provided
            • Do NOT use hot water
            • After mixing consume within 30 minutes
            • Instruct patients to take dose while in bed and lie down immediately after dosing
            • Sodium oxybate may cause them to fall asleep abruptly without first feeling drowsy
            • Patients will often fall asleep within 5 minutes of taking sodium oxybate, and will usually fall asleep within 15 minutes (time vary with individual patient and may vary from night to night)
            • Patients should remain in bed following ingestion

            Immediate-relase oral solution

            • Prepare both doses before bedtime
            • Prior to ingestion, dilute each dose of with ~2 oz (~60 mL) of water in the provided empty pharmacy containers
            • Administer both doses while in bed and lie down immediately after dosing
            • Patients should remain in bed following ingestion of the first and second doses; do not take the second dose until 2.5-4 hr after first dose
            • If second dose is missed, skip dose and do not administer again until the following night
            • Do not both doses at one time

            Storage

            Undiluted oral solution: Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F)

            Diluted immediate-release oral solution (Xyrem): Use within 24 hr once diluted

            Prepared extended-release oral suspension (Lumryz): Use within 30 minutes

            Previous
            Next:

            Images

            BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
            sodium oxybate oral
            -
            500 mg/mL solution

            Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

            Previous
            Next:

            Patient Handout

            Patient Education
            sodium oxybate oral

            SODIUM OXYBATE EXTENDED-RELEASE GRANULES - ORAL

            (SO-dee-um OX-eh-bait)

            COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Lumryz

            WARNING: Sodium oxybate is a very powerful central nervous system (CNS) depressant with a high risk of abuse. It may cause slow/shallow breathing or severe drowsiness at recommended doses. It must be used only for the purpose that your doctor prescribes. It is against the law to use this drug for any other purposes. Abuse or misuse of this drug can result in seizures, severe difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, and even death. It must not be used with alcohol or other CNS depressants (see also Drug Interactions section).To receive this medication in the United States, you must understand, agree to, and carefully follow the requirements of the Lumryz REMS Program. If you live in Canada or any other country, consult your doctor and pharmacist for your country's regulations.

            USES: See also Warning section.Sodium oxybate is used to treat narcolepsy, a condition that causes severe daytime sleepiness. It can decrease daytime sleepiness and also reduce the number of sudden short attacks of weak/paralyzed muscles (known as cataplexy) that can occur in patients with narcolepsy. This medication is also known as gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB).

            HOW TO USE: Read the Medication Guide and Instructions for Use provided by your pharmacist before you start using sodium oxybate and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once at bedtime, at least 2 hours after eating. Since sodium oxybate can cause you to suddenly fall asleep without feeling drowsy first, take this medication while in bed and lie down right away after taking your dose.Prepare your dose before bedtime as directed in the Instructions for Use leaflet. Fill the mixing cup as directed with water (one-third cup or 80 milliliters). Only use the mixing cup that comes with your medication. Do not use hot water. Open a packet and pour its contents into the mixing cup. Put the cap on the mixing cup and twist to the right and make sure it is tightly closed. Mix well by shaking the closed mixing cup for 60 seconds (1 minute). Drink all of the mixture within 30 minutes of mixing. Then add a small amount of water as directed, shake for 10 seconds, and drink right away to make sure you are getting all of the drug. If you have children or pets in the house, be sure to keep the mixed medication out of their reach if not using immediately, as mixing cup cap is not child resistant.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. To reduce your risk of side effects, your doctor may direct you to start this medication at a low dose and gradually increase your dose. This process will continue until your doctor has found the right dose for you. Follow your doctor's directions carefully.Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each night. Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than prescribed. Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.If you suddenly stop using this medication, you may have withdrawal symptoms (such as anxiety, psychosis, fast heartbeat, trouble sleeping). To help prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. Withdrawal is more likely if you have used sodium oxybate for a long time or in high doses. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if you have withdrawal.Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse.

            SIDE EFFECTS: See also Warning section.Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, bedwetting, or headache may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: mental/mood changes (such as confusion, psychosis, hallucinations, agitation, depression, thoughts of suicide), sleepwalking.Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: difficult/slow/shallow breathing (especially during sleep).A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

            PRECAUTIONS: Before taking sodium oxybate, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: a certain rare metabolic condition (succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency), liver disease, kidney disease, breathing problems (such as sleep apnea, asthma), personal or family history of a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol), heart problems (such as heart failure, high blood pressure), mental/mood problems (such as depression, family/personal history of suicidal thoughts/attempts).Sleep disorders may decrease your ability to react quickly. Though sodium oxybate helps keep you awake during the day, you still may not be able to safely perform tasks that require alertness (such as driving, flying). This drug may also make you dizzy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy. For these reasons, do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Always use great care when doing these activities, and avoid them completely during the first 6 hours after you take this medication. Avoid alcoholic beverages because they increase the risk of serious side effects. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).This medication contains sodium. Consult your doctor for more information if you are on a salt-restricted diet or if you have a condition that could be worsened by increased salt intake (such as heart failure, high blood pressure).Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially headaches.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.This drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

            DRUG INTERACTIONS: See also Warning section.Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.The risk of serious side effects (such as slow/shallow breathing, severe drowsiness/dizziness) may be increased if this medication is taken with other products that may also cause drowsiness or breathing problems. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are using other products such as other opioid pain or cough relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone), alcohol, marijuana (cannabis), drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), or antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine).Check the labels on all your medicines (such as allergy or cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.

            OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: lack of response, slow/shallow breathing, seizures.

            NOTES: Do not share this medication with others. Sharing it is against the law.

            MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

            STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not open the packets until ready to use. Prepare each dose just before bedtime. Use or properly discard prepared dose within 30 minutes. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. For more details, read the Instructions for Use leaflet, or consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

            Information last revised May 2023. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

            IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

            Previous
            Next:

            Formulary

            FormularyPatient Discounts

            Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

            To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

            Adding plans allows you to:

            • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
            • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
            • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
            • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

            The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

            Tier Description
            1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
            2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
            3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
            4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
            Code Definition
            PA Prior Authorization
            Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
            QL Quantity Limits
            Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
            ST Step Therapy
            Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
            OR Other Restrictions
            Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
            Additional Offers
            Email to Patient

            From:

            To:

            The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.

            By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information.

            Email Forms to Patient

            From:

            To:

            The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.

            By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information.

            Previous
            Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.