gabapentin (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Neurontin, Gralise

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatricGeriatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

capsule

  • 100mg
  • 300mg
  • 400mg

tablet

  • 300mg (Gralise)
  • 600mg (Gralise, Neurontin)
  • 800mg (Neurontin)

oral solution

  • 250mg/5mL

Partial Seizures

Neurontin

  • Adjunctive therapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization
  • Initial: 300 mg PO q8hr
  • May increase up to 600 mg PO q8hr; up to 2400 mg/day administered and tolerated in clinical studies; up to 3600 mg administered for short duration and tolerated

Postherpetic Neuralgia

Neurontin

  • Day 1: 300 mg PO qDay
  • Day 2: 300 mg PO q12hr
  • Day 3: 300 mg PO q8hr
  • Maintenance: Subsequently titrate as needed up to 600 mg PO q8hr; doses >1800 mg/day have demonstrated no additional benefit

Gralise

  • Titrate gradually to 1800 mg/day PO; take qDay with evening meal
  • Day 1: 300 mg PO qDay
  • Day 2: 600 mg PO qDay
  • Days 3-6: 900 mg PO qDay
  • Days 7-10: 1200 mg PO qDay
  • Days 11-14: 1500 mg PO qDay
  • Day 15 and after (maintenance): 1800 mg PO qDay

Dosing considerations

  • Gralise tablets swell in gastric fluid and gradually release gabapentin

Restless legs syndrome (Off-label)

100-300 mg PO 2 hr before bedtime on first day; may titrate every 2 weeks until symptom relieve achieved (range 300-1800 mg/day)

Cocaine withdrawal (Off-label)

800-1500 mg/day PO in divided doses for up to 9 months

Insomnia (Off-label)

Up to 1800 mg PO evenings for up to 9 weeks

Diabetic Neuropathy (Off-label)

900 mg/day PO initially; may increase gradually q3Days to 1800-3600 mg/day

Tremors in multiple sclerosis (Off-label)

1200-1800 mg/day PO as monotherapy

Hot flashes-cancer related (Off-label)

200-1600 mg PO qDay to q6hr for 4-8 weeks

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Orphan)

Neurontin

Orphan indication sponsor

  • Warner-Lambert Company, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division; 2800 Plymouth Road; Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Dosing Modifications

Renal impairment (Neurontin)

  • CrCl >60 mL/min: 300-1200 mg PO TID
  • CrCl 30-60 mL/min: 200-700 mg q12hr
  • CrCl 15-29 mL/min: 200-700 mg qDay
  • CrCl <15 mL/min: 100-300 mg qDay
  • Hemodialysis (CrCl <15 mL/min): Administer supplemental dose (range 125-350 mg) posthemodialysis, after each 4 hr dialysis interval; further dose reduction should be in proportion to CrCl (eg, CrCl of 7.5 mL/min should receive one-half daily posthemodialysis dose)

Renal impairment (Gralise)

  • CrCl ≥60 mL/min: 1800 mg qDay with evening meal
  • CrCl 30-59 mL/min: 600-1800 mg qDay with evening meal
  • CrCl <30 mL/min or hemodialysis: Do not administer

Administration

Reducing the dose, discontinuing the drug, or substituting an alternative medication should be done gradually over a minimum of 1 week or longer

Swallow Gralise tablets whole; do not cut, crush, or chew them

Dosage Forms & Strengths

capsule

  • 100mg
  • 300mg
  • 400mg

tablet

  • 300mg (Gralise)
  • 600mg (Gralise, Neurontin)
  • 800mg (Neurontin)

oral solution

  • 250mg/5mL

Partial Seizures

Neurontin

  • Adjunctive therapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in patients older than 12 years of age with epilepsy; also indicated as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in pediatric patients aged 3-12 years
  • <3 years: Safety and efficacy not established
  • 3-12 years (initial dose): 10-15 mg/kg/day PO divided q8hr initially; titrate up in approximately 3 days to effective maintenance dose  
  • 3-4 years (maintenance dose): 40 mg/kg/day PO divided q8hr
  • 5-12 years (maintenance dose): 25-35 mg/kg/day PO divided q8hr
  • >12 years (initial dose): 300 mg PO q8hr; may increase up to 600 mg PO q8hr

Dosing Considerations

Gralise tablets swell in gastric fluid and gradually release gabapentin

Dosing Modifications

Renal impairment: Gabapentin dose reduction may be required, depending on renal function

Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and gabapentin

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              Serious - Use Alternative (7)

              • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

                benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen and gabapentin both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

              • buprenorphine subdermal implant

                buprenorphine subdermal implant and gabapentin both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

              • buprenorphine transdermal

                buprenorphine transdermal and gabapentin both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

              • metoclopramide intranasal

                gabapentin, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.

              • olopatadine intranasal

                gabapentin and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

              • ropeginterferon alfa 2b

                ropeginterferon alfa 2b and gabapentin both increase Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Narcotics, hypnotics or sedatives can produce additive neuropsychiatric side effects. Avoid use and monitor patients receiving the combination for effects of excessive CNS toxicity.

              • valerian

                valerian and gabapentin both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              Monitor Closely (139)

              • acrivastine

                acrivastine and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • alprazolam

                gabapentin, alprazolam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • aluminum hydroxide

                aluminum hydroxide decreases levels of gabapentin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

              • amisulpride

                amisulpride and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • amitriptyline

                gabapentin, amitriptyline. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • amobarbital

                gabapentin, amobarbital. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • amoxapine

                gabapentin, amoxapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • asenapine

                asenapine and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • asenapine transdermal

                asenapine transdermal and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • avapritinib

                avapritinib and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • belladonna and opium

                gabapentin, belladonna and opium. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

                gabapentin, benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • brexanolone

                brexanolone, gabapentin. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

                gabapentin, brexanolone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • brexpiprazole

                gabapentin, brexpiprazole. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

                brexpiprazole and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • brimonidine

                brimonidine and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • brivaracetam

                brivaracetam and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • brompheniramine

                gabapentin, brompheniramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • buprenorphine

                gabapentin, buprenorphine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • buprenorphine buccal

                gabapentin, buprenorphine buccal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • buprenorphine subdermal implant

                gabapentin, buprenorphine subdermal implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • buprenorphine transdermal

                gabapentin, buprenorphine transdermal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • buprenorphine, long-acting injection

                gabapentin, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • bupropion

                gabapentin, bupropion. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • buspirone

                gabapentin, buspirone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • butabarbital

                gabapentin, butabarbital. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • butalbital

                gabapentin, butalbital. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • butorphanol

                gabapentin, butorphanol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • calcium carbonate

                calcium carbonate decreases levels of gabapentin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

              • carbinoxamine

                gabapentin, carbinoxamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • cetirizine

                gabapentin, cetirizine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • chloral hydrate

                gabapentin, chloral hydrate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • chlordiazepoxide

                gabapentin, chlordiazepoxide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • chlorpheniramine

                gabapentin, chlorpheniramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • citalopram

                gabapentin, citalopram. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • clemastine

                gabapentin, clemastine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • clobazam

                gabapentin, clobazam. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

                gabapentin, clobazam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • clomipramine

                gabapentin, clomipramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • clonazepam

                gabapentin, clonazepam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • clorazepate

                gabapentin, clorazepate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • codeine

                gabapentin, codeine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • cyproheptadine

                gabapentin, cyproheptadine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • daridorexant

                gabapentin and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

              • desipramine

                gabapentin, desipramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • desloratadine

                gabapentin, desloratadine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • desvenlafaxine

                gabapentin, desvenlafaxine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • deutetrabenazine

                gabapentin and deutetrabenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • dexchlorpheniramine

                gabapentin, dexchlorpheniramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • diazepam

                gabapentin, diazepam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • diazepam intranasal

                gabapentin, diazepam intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • difelikefalin

                difelikefalin and gabapentin both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • dimenhydrinate

                gabapentin, dimenhydrinate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • diphenhydramine

                gabapentin, diphenhydramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • doxepin

                gabapentin, doxepin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • doxylamine

                gabapentin, doxylamine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • duloxetine

                gabapentin, duloxetine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • escitalopram

                gabapentin, escitalopram. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • esketamine intranasal

                esketamine intranasal, gabapentin. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

                gabapentin, esketamine intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • estazolam

                gabapentin, estazolam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • eszopiclone

                gabapentin, eszopiclone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • ethanol

                gabapentin, ethanol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • fentanyl

                gabapentin, fentanyl. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • fentanyl intranasal

                gabapentin, fentanyl intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • fentanyl transdermal

                gabapentin, fentanyl transdermal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • fentanyl transmucosal

                gabapentin, fentanyl transmucosal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • fexofenadine

                gabapentin, fexofenadine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • fluoxetine

                gabapentin, fluoxetine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • flurazepam

                gabapentin, flurazepam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • fluvoxamine

                fluvoxamine, gabapentin. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coaadministration with CNS depressant may result in fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monnitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • ganaxolone

                gabapentin and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • gepirone

                gabapentin, gepirone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • hydrocodone

                gabapentin, hydrocodone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • hydromorphone

                gabapentin, hydromorphone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • hydroxyzine

                gabapentin, hydroxyzine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • imipramine

                gabapentin, imipramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • isocarboxazid

                gabapentin, isocarboxazid. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • lasmiditan

                lasmiditan, gabapentin. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • lemborexant

                lemborexant, gabapentin. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Dosage adjustment may be necessary if lemborexant is coadministered with other CNS depressants because of potentially additive effects.

              • levocetirizine

                gabapentin, levocetirizine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • levomilnacipran

                gabapentin, levomilnacipran. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • levorphanol

                gabapentin, levorphanol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • loratadine

                gabapentin, loratadine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • lorazepam

                gabapentin, lorazepam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • loxicodegol

                gabapentin, loxicodegol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • lumateperone

                gabapentin, lumateperone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • lurasidone

                lurasidone, gabapentin. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • magnesium supplement

                magnesium supplement will decrease the level or effect of gabapentin by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Drug may form a chelate with polyvalent cations; may decrease absorption by the intestinal tract; applies to oral forms; may administer 2 hr from polyvalent cation administration

              • maprotiline

                gabapentin, maprotiline. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • meperidine

                gabapentin, meperidine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • meprobamate

                gabapentin, meprobamate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • methadone

                gabapentin, methadone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • midazolam

                gabapentin, midazolam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • midazolam intranasal

                midazolam intranasal, gabapentin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.

                gabapentin, midazolam intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • milnacipran

                gabapentin, milnacipran. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • mirtazapine

                gabapentin, mirtazapine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • morphine

                gabapentin, morphine. Either increases effects of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

                gabapentin, morphine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • nalbuphine

                gabapentin, nalbuphine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • nefazodone

                gabapentin, nefazodone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • nortriptyline

                gabapentin, nortriptyline. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • oliceridine

                gabapentin, oliceridine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • orlistat

                orlistat decreases levels of gabapentin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Risk of convulsions.

              • oxazepam

                gabapentin, oxazepam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • oxycodone

                gabapentin, oxycodone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • oxymorphone

                gabapentin, oxymorphone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • paroxetine

                gabapentin, paroxetine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • pentazocine

                gabapentin, pentazocine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • pentobarbital

                gabapentin, pentobarbital. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • phenelzine

                gabapentin, phenelzine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • promethazine

                gabapentin, promethazine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • protriptyline

                gabapentin, protriptyline. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • quazepam

                gabapentin, quazepam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • ramelteon

                gabapentin, ramelteon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • remifentanil

                gabapentin, remifentanil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • remimazolam

                gabapentin, remimazolam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • samidorphan

                gabapentin, samidorphan. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • secobarbital

                gabapentin, secobarbital. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • sertraline

                gabapentin, sertraline. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • sevelamer

                sevelamer decreases levels of gabapentin by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • sodium bicarbonate

                sodium bicarbonate decreases levels of gabapentin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

              • sodium citrate/citric acid

                sodium citrate/citric acid decreases levels of gabapentin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

              • sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

                sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride decreases levels of gabapentin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Administer gabapentin at least 2 hr after each dose to avoid chelation with magnesium. .

              • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

                sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate decreases levels of gabapentin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Administer gabapentin at least 2 hr after each dose to avoid chelation with magnesium. .

              • stiripentol

                stiripentol, gabapentin. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation. .

              • sufentanil

                gabapentin, sufentanil. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • sufentanil SL

                gabapentin, sufentanil SL. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • suvorexant

                gabapentin, suvorexant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • tapentadol

                gabapentin, tapentadol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • tasimelteon

                gabapentin, tasimelteon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • temazepam

                gabapentin, temazepam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • tramadol

                gabapentin, tramadol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • tranylcypromine

                gabapentin, tranylcypromine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • trazodone

                gabapentin, trazodone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • triazolam

                gabapentin, triazolam. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • trimipramine

                gabapentin, trimipramine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • triprolidine

                gabapentin, triprolidine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • venlafaxine

                gabapentin, venlafaxine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • vilazodone

                gabapentin, vilazodone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • vortioxetine

                gabapentin, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • zaleplon

                gabapentin, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              • zolpidem

                gabapentin, zolpidem. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

              Minor (16)

              • acetaminophen IV

                gabapentin decreases levels of acetaminophen IV by increasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Enhanced metabolism incr levels of hepatotoxic metabolites.

              • acetaminophen rectal

                gabapentin decreases levels of acetaminophen rectal by increasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Enhanced metabolism incr levels of hepatotoxic metabolites.

              • atracurium

                gabapentin decreases effects of atracurium by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • biotin

                gabapentin decreases levels of biotin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Biotin supplementation may be necessary.

              • cisatracurium

                gabapentin decreases effects of cisatracurium by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • cyanocobalamin

                gabapentin decreases levels of cyanocobalamin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • dexmethylphenidate

                dexmethylphenidate increases effects of gabapentin by decreasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • levocarnitine

                gabapentin decreases levels of levocarnitine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • onabotulinumtoxinA

                gabapentin decreases effects of onabotulinumtoxinA by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • pancuronium

                gabapentin decreases effects of pancuronium by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • rapacuronium

                gabapentin decreases effects of rapacuronium by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • rocuronium

                gabapentin decreases effects of rocuronium by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • sage

                sage decreases effects of gabapentin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Theoretical interaction; some species of sage may cause convulsions.

              • serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate

                serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate increases effects of gabapentin by decreasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • succinylcholine

                gabapentin decreases effects of succinylcholine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

              • vecuronium

                gabapentin decreases effects of vecuronium by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

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              Adverse Effects

              >10%

              Ataxia (1-13%)

              Dizziness (16-20%)

              Drowsiness (5-21%)

              Fatigue (11-15%)

              Somnolence (16-20%)

              1-10%

              Diplopia (6-10%)

              Nystagmus (6-10%)

              Tremor (6-10%)

              Amblyopia (1-5%)

              Back pain (1-5%)

              Constipation (1-5%)

              Depression (1-5%)

              Dry mouth (1-5%)

              Dysarthria (1-5%)

              Dyspepsia (1-5%)

              Hostility (5-8% children)

              Hyperkinesia (3-5%)

              Increased appetite (1-5%)

              Leukopenia (1-5%)

              Myalgia (1-5%)

              Nervousness (1-5%)

              Peripheral edema (1-5%)

              Pharyngitis (1-5%)

              Pruritus (1-5%)

              Rhinitis (1-5%)

              Vasodilation (1-5%)

              Weight gain (1-5%)

              Abnormal vision (>1%)

              Anorexia (>1%)

              Arthralgia (>1%)

              Asthenia (>1%)

              HTN (>1%)

              Malaise (>1%)

              Paresthesia (>1%)

              Purpura (>1%)

              Vertigo (>1%)

              Postmarketing Reports

              Angioedema

              Blood glucose fluctuation

              Breast enlargement

              Erythema multiforme

              Elevated liver function tests

              Fever

              Hyponatremia

              Jaundice

              Stevens-Johnson syndrome

              Adverse events following abrupt discontinuation have also been reported; the most frequently reported events have been anxiety, insomnia, nausea, pain, and sweating

              Postmarketing reports

              Changes in libido, ejaculation disorders, and anorgasmia

              Agitation (pediatric)

              Respiratory depression

              Bullous pemphigoid

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              Warnings

              Contraindications

              Hypersensitivity

              Cautions

              Increased blood CPK levels and rhabdomyolysis reported

              Antiepileptic drugs increase risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking these drugs for any indication; monitor for emergence or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behavior

              Anaphylaxis and angioedema reported after first dose or at any time during treatment; instruct patients to discontinue therapy and seek medical care should they experience signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis or angioedema

              May cause CNS depression, which may impair ability to operate heavy machinery; advise patients not to drive until they have gained enough experience to assess whether therapy will impair ability to drive

              Extended release formulation (Garlise) not studied in the treatment of seizures

              Extended release formulation (Garlise), not interchangeable with immediate release

              May potentiate effects of other sedatives or ethanol when administered concomitantly

              Do not discontinue abruptly (may increase seizure frequency); gradually taper over a minimum of 1 week

              Ages 3-12 years: Risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events, including emotional lability, hostility, thought disorders, and hyperkinesia

              Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as multiorgan hypersensitivity, reported; some of these events have been fatal or life-threatening; typically presents with fever, rash, and/or lymphadenopathy in association with other organ system involvement (eg, hepatitis, nephritis, hematologic abnormalities, myocarditis, myositis) and may resemble an acute viral infection

              Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression reported when coadministered with central nervous system depressants, including opioids, or in the setting of underlying respiratory impairment; consider initiating therapy at low dose and monitor for symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation if co-prescribing of another CNS depressant, like opioid, or prescribing to patients with underlying respiratory impairment

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              Pregnancy & Lactation

              Pregnancy

              There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy; encourage women during pregnancy to enroll in North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry by calling the toll free number 1-888-233-2334 or visiting http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/

              There are no adequate data on developmental risks associated with use in pregnant women; in nonclinical studies in mice, rats, and rabbits, the drug was developmentally toxic (increased fetal skeletal and visceral abnormalities, and increased embryofetal mortality) when administered to pregnant animals at doses similar to or lower than those used clinically

              Lactation

              Gabapentin is secreted in human milk following oral administration; effects on breastfed infant and on milk production are unknown; developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with mother's clinical need for therapy and any potential adverse effects on breastfed infant from treatment or from underlying maternal condition

              Pregnancy Categories

              A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

              B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

              C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

              D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

              X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

              NA: Information not available.

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              Pharmacology

              Mechanism of Action

              GABA analogue; structurally related to neurotransmitter GABA, but has no effect on GABA binding, uptake, or degradation; presence of gabapentin binding sites throughout the brain reported; mechanism for analgesic and anticonvulsant activity unknown

              Absorption

              Variable from proximal small bowel by L-amino transport system

              Neurontin

              • Bioavailability: Inversely proportion to dose; 60% (900 mg/day); 47% (1200 mg/day); 34% (2400 mg/day); 33% (3600 mg/day); 27% (4800 mg/day)
              • Peak plasma time: 2-4 hr
              • Peak plasma concentration: 8536 ng/mL
              • AUC: 141,301 ng•hr/mL

              Gralise

              • Bioavailability: Increased with high fat meal
              • Peak plasma time: 8 hr
              • Peak plasma concentration: 9585 ng/mL (1800 mg qDay)
              • AUC: 132,808 ng•hr/mL

              Distribution

              Neurontin and Gralise

              • Protein bound: <3%
              • Vd: 58 L

              Metabolism

              Gabapentin is not appreciably metabolized in humans

              Not a substrate, inducer, or inhibitor of CYP450 isoenzymes

              Elimination

              Neurontin and Gralise

              • Half-life: 5-7 hr
              • Dialyzable: Yes
              • Renal clearance: 225 mL/min; 125 mL/min (if older than 70 y)
              • Total body clearance: Proportional to CrCl
              • Excretion: Urine
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              gabapentin oral
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              250 mg/5 mL solution
              gabapentin oral
              -
              600 mg tablet
              Gralise oral
              -
              300 mg tablet
              Gralise oral
              -
              900 mg tablet
              Gralise oral
              -
              750 mg tablet
              Gralise oral
              -
              450 mg tablet
              Gralise oral
              -
              300 mg (9)- 600 mg (24) tablet
              Gralise oral
              -
              600 mg tablet

              Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

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              Patient Handout

              Patient Education
              gabapentin oral

              GABAPENTIN SUSTAINED-RELEASE - ORAL

              (GAB-a-PEN-tin)

              COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Gralise

              USES: This medication is used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. This condition is called postherpetic neuralgia. Gabapentin belongs to a class of drugs known as antiseizure drugs (also called anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drugs).

              HOW TO USE: Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start taking gabapentin and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once a day with the evening meal. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.Swallow the tablets whole. Do not crush or chew the tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects.During the first 2 weeks of treatment, your doctor may gradually increase your dose so your body can adjust to the medication.Take this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.Do not take this medication more often or increase your dose without consulting your doctor. Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor. Some conditions may become worse when this drug is suddenly stopped. Your dose may need to be gradually decreased.Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium may interfere with the absorption of this medication. If you are also taking an antacid, it is best to take gabapentin at least 2 hours after taking the antacid.Different forms of gabapentin (such as immediate-release, sustained-release, enacarbil sustained-release) are absorbed in the body differently. Do not switch from one form to the other without consulting your doctor.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.

              SIDE EFFECTS: Drowsiness, loss of coordination, and dizziness may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: swelling of the hands/ankles/feet.A small number of people who take anticonvulsants for any condition (such as seizures, bipolar disorder, pain) may experience depression, suicidal thoughts/attempts, or other mental/mood problems. Tell your doctor right away if you or your family/caregiver notice any unusual/sudden changes in your mood, thoughts, or behavior including signs of depression, suicidal thoughts/attempts, thoughts about harming yourself.Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: slow/shallow breathing.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

              PRECAUTIONS: Before taking gabapentin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to gabapentin enacarbil; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, mental/mood problems (such as depression, thoughts of suicide), use/abuse of drugs/alcohol, breathing problems (such as COPD).This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Limit alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially swelling of the hands/ankles/feet, slow/shallow breathing, dizziness, or loss of coordination. Dizziness and loss of coordination can increase the risk of falling.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.Gabapentin passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

              DRUG INTERACTIONS: See also How to Use section.Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.A product that may interact with this drug is: orlistat.The risk of serious side effects (such as slow/shallow breathing, severe drowsiness/dizziness) may be increased if this medication is taken with other products that may also cause drowsiness or breathing problems. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are using other products such as opioid pain or cough relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone), alcohol, marijuana (cannabis), drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), or antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine).Check the labels on all your medicines (such as allergy or cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.Do not use this medication with other medications that contain gabapentin (including gabapentin enacarbil).This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests for urine protein. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

              OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: vision changes, severe drowsiness, trouble speaking, weakness.

              NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.

              MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take it with food as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

              STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

              Information last revised July 2022. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

              IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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              Formulary

              FormularyPatient Discounts

              Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

              To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

              Adding plans allows you to:

              • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
              • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
              • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
              • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

              The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

              Tier Description
              1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
              2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
              3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
              4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
              5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
              6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
              NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
              Code Definition
              PA Prior Authorization
              Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
              QL Quantity Limits
              Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
              ST Step Therapy
              Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
              OR Other Restrictions
              Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
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              Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.