pemigatinib (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Pemazyre

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

tablet

  • 4.5mg
  • 9mg
  • 13.5mg

Cholangiocarcinoma

Indicated for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in previously treated patients with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion or other rearrangement

Each cycle is 21 days

13.5 mg PO qDay for 14 consecutive days followed by 7 days off therapy

Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs

Myeloid or Lymphoid Neoplasms

Indicated for relapsed or refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms (MLNs) in adults with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) rearrangement

13.5 mg PO qDay

Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occur

Dosage Modifications

Dose reductions for adverse reactions

  • Cholangiocarcinoma
    • First dose reduction: 9 mg qDay for first 14 days of each 21-day cycle
    • Second dose reduction: 4.5 mg qDay for first 14 days of each 21-day cycle
    • Patients unable to tolerate 4.5 mg qDay: Permanently discontinue
  • MLNs
    • First dose reduction: 9 mg qDay
    • Second dose reduction: 4.5 mg qDay
    • Third dose reduction: 4.5 mg PO qDay for first 14 days of each 21-day cycle
    • Permanently discontinue if unable to tolerate 4.5 mg PO qDay for first 14 days of each 21-day cycle

Retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED)

  • Asymptomatic and stable on serial examination: Continue treatment
  • Symptomatic OR worsening on serial examination
    • Withhold; resume at a lower dose if asymptomatic and improved on subsequent examination
    • Symptoms persist or examination does not improve: Consider permanent discontinuation based on clinical status

Hyperphosphatemia

  • Initiate phosphate lowering therapy and monitor serum phosphate weekly
  • Serum phosphate >7 to ≤10 mg/dL
    • Withhold if levels are still ≥7 mg/dL within 2 weeks of starting phosphate lowering therapy
    • Resume at the same dose when phosphate levels are <7 mg/dL for first occurrence; resume at a lower dose level for subsequent recurrences
  • Serum phosphate >10 mg/dL
    • Withhold if levels are still >10 mg/dL within 1 week of starting phosphate lowering therapy
    • Resume at the next lower dose level when phosphate levels are <7 mg/dL
    • Permanently discontinue for recurrence of serum phosphate >10 mg/dL following 2 dose reductions

Other adverse reactions

  • Grade 3
    • Withhold until resolves to Grade ≤1; resume at next lower dose if resolves within 2 weeks
    • Permanently discontinue if unresolved within 2 weeks OR for recurrent Grade 3 after 2 dose reductions
  • Grade 4
    • Permanently discontinue

Coadministration with CYP3A inhibitors

  • Avoid coadministration
  • If use cannot be avoided, reduce dose (ie, 13.5 mg to 9 mg, 9 mg to 4.5 mg)
  • If strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor is discontinued, increase pemigatinib dose (after 3 plasma half-lives of the CYP3A inhibitor) to dose taken before initiating inhibitor

Renal impairment

  • Mild or moderate (GFR ≥30 to <89 mL/min/1.73 m2): No dosage adjustment necessary
  • End-stage renal disease (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2) who are receiving intermittent hemodialysis: No dosage adjustment necessary
  • Severe (GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2)
    • Cholangiocarcinoma: Reduce to 9 mg PO qDay for 14 consecutive days followed by 7 days off therapy for each 21-day cycle
    • MLNs: Reduce to 9 mg PO qDay

Hepatic impairment

  • Mild or moderate (total bilirubin ≤3x ULN with any AST): No dosage adjustment necessary
  • Severe (total bilirubin >3x ULN with any AST)
    • Cholangiocarcinoma: Reduce to 9 mg PO qDay for 14 consecutive days followed by 7 days off therapy for each 21-day cycle
    • MLNs: Reduce to 9 mg PO qDay

Dosing Considerations

Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential before initiation

Patient selection

  • Cholangiocarcinoma
  • MLNs
    • Select relapsed or refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangement
    • No FDA-approved test for detecting FGFR1 rearrangement is availabl

Safety and efficacy not established

Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and pemigatinib

No Results

     activity indicator 
    No Interactions Found
    Interactions Found

    Contraindicated

      Serious - Use Alternative

        Significant - Monitor Closely

          Minor

            All Interactions Sort By:
             activity indicator 

            Contraindicated (0)

              Serious - Use Alternative (92)

              • abametapir

                abametapir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. For 2 weeks after abametapir application, avoid taking drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates. If not feasible, avoid use of abametapir.

              • amiodarone

                amiodarone will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • amobarbital

                amobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • apalutamide

                apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • aprepitant

                aprepitant will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • armodafinil

                armodafinil will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • atazanavir

                atazanavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • bexarotene

                bexarotene will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • bicalutamide

                bicalutamide will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • bosentan

                bosentan will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • brigatinib

                brigatinib will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • butabarbital

                butabarbital will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • butalbital

                butalbital will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • carbamazepine

                carbamazepine will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • ceritinib

                ceritinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • chloramphenicol

                chloramphenicol will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • clarithromycin

                clarithromycin will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • clobazam

                clobazam will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • cobicistat

                cobicistat will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • conivaptan

                conivaptan will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • crizotinib

                crizotinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • cyclosporine

                cyclosporine will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • dabrafenib

                dabrafenib will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • darunavir

                darunavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • diltiazem

                diltiazem will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • doxycycline

                doxycycline will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • dronedarone

                dronedarone will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • efavirenz

                efavirenz will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • elagolix

                elagolix will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • encorafenib

                encorafenib, pemigatinib. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of pemigatinib (a CYP3A4 substrate) with encorafenib (a CYP3A4 inducer and inhibitor) may increase or decrease plasma levels or effects of pemigatinib.

              • enzalutamide

                enzalutamide will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • erythromycin base

                erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • erythromycin ethylsuccinate

                erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • erythromycin lactobionate

                erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • erythromycin stearate

                erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • eslicarbazepine acetate

                eslicarbazepine acetate will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • etravirine

                etravirine will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • fedratinib

                fedratinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • fexinidazole

                fexinidazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Fexinidazole inhibits CYP3A4. Coadministration may increase risk for adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

              • fluconazole

                fluconazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors cannot be avoided, reduce selumetinib dosage (refer to selumetinib monograph for further information). After discontinuation of the strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, resume selumetinib dose that was taken before initiating the inhibitor.

              • fosamprenavir

                fosamprenavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors cannot be avoided, reduce selumetinib dosage (refer to selumetinib monograph for further information). After discontinuation of the strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, resume selumetinib dose that was taken before initiating the inhibitor.

              • fosaprepitant

                fosaprepitant will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • fosphenytoin

                fosphenytoin will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • fostamatinib

                fostamatinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • grapefruit

                grapefruit will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • haloperidol

                haloperidol will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • idelalisib

                idelalisib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • iloperidone

                iloperidone will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • imatinib

                imatinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • indinavir

                indinavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • isoniazid

                isoniazid will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • itraconazole

                itraconazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • ivacaftor

                ivacaftor will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • ivosidenib

                ivosidenib will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • ketoconazole

                ketoconazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • lapatinib

                lapatinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • larotrectinib

                larotrectinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • letermovir

                letermovir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • levoketoconazole

                levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • lorlatinib

                lorlatinib will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • lumacaftor/ivacaftor

                lumacaftor/ivacaftor will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • metronidazole

                metronidazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • mifepristone

                mifepristone will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • mitotane

                mitotane will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • nafcillin

                nafcillin will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • nefazodone

                nefazodone will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • nelfinavir

                nelfinavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • netupitant/palonosetron

                netupitant/palonosetron will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • pentobarbital

                pentobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • phenobarbital

                phenobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • phenytoin

                phenytoin will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • posaconazole

                posaconazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • primidone

                primidone will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • quinupristin/dalfopristin

                quinupristin/dalfopristin will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • ribociclib

                ribociclib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • rifabutin

                rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • rifampin

                rifampin will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • rifapentine

                rifapentine will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • ritonavir

                ritonavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • saquinavir

                saquinavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • schisandra

                schisandra will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • secobarbital

                secobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • sertraline

                sertraline will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • St John's Wort

                St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • stiripentol

                stiripentol, pemigatinib. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of pemigatinib (a CYP3A4 substrate) with stiripentol (a CYP3A4 inducer and inhibitor) may increase or decrease plasma levels or effects of pemigatinib.

              • telotristat ethyl

                telotristat ethyl will decrease the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

              • tetracycline

                tetracycline will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • tipranavir

                tipranavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • tucatinib

                tucatinib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid concomitant use of tucatinib with CYP3A substrates, where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. If unavoidable, reduce CYP3A substrate dose according to product labeling.

              • verapamil

                verapamil will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • voriconazole

                voriconazole will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              • voxelotor

                voxelotor will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If coadministration with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, reduce pemigatinib dose (refer to drug monograph dosage modifications). After discontinuing the CYP3A4 inhibitor for 3 elimination half-lives, may resume previous pemigatinib dose.

              Monitor Closely (2)

              • lenacapavir

                lenacapavir will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid coadministration of pemigatinib with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. If unavoiable, reduce pemigatinib dose as the following: for 13.5 mg /day-dose for the first 14 days of each cycle--decrease pemigatinib dose to 9 mg; 9-mg/day-dose for the first 14 days of each cycle--decrease the pemigatinib dose to 4.5 mg. After discontinuing the inhibitor for 3-5 half-lives, resume the pemigatinib dose used before starting the inhibitor.

              • rucaparib

                rucaparib will increase the level or effect of pemigatinib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Adjust dosage of CYP3A4 substrates, if clinically indicated.

              Minor (0)

                Previous
                Next:

                Adverse Effects

                >10% (Cholangiocarcinoma)

                All grades

                • Increased phosphate (94%)
                • Decreased phosphate (68%)
                • Hyperphosphatemia (60%)
                • Alopecia (49%)
                • Diarrhea (47%)
                • Nail toxicity (43%)
                • Increased AST/ALT (43%)
                • Increased calcium (43%)
                • Decreased hemoglobin (43%)
                • Fatigue (42%)
                • Increased alkaline phosphatase (41%)
                • Increased creatinine (41%)
                • Nausea (40%)
                • Dysgeusia (40%)
                • Decreased sodium (39%)
                • Increased glucose (36%)
                • Decreased lymphocytes (36%)
                • Constipation (35%)
                • Stomatitis (35%)
                • Dry eye (35%)
                • Dry mouth (34%)
                • Decreased albumin (34%)
                • Decreased appetite (33%)
                • Increased urate (30%)
                • Decreased platelets (28%)
                • Increased leukocytes (27%)
                • Vomiting (27%)
                • Increased bilirubin (26%)
                • Decreased potassium (26%)
                • Arthralgia (25%)
                • Hypophosphatemia (23%)
                • Abdominal pain (23%)
                • Dry skin (20%)
                • Back pain (20%)
                • Pain in extremity (19%)
                • Decreased leukocytes (18%)
                • Peripheral edema (18%)
                • Decreased calcium (17%)
                • Headache (16%)
                • Urinary tract infection (16%)
                • Weight loss (16%)
                • Dehydration (15%)
                • Palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (15%)
                • Increased potassium (12%)
                • Decreased glucose (11%)

                Grade ≥3

                • Decreased phosphate (38%)
                • Hypophosphatemia (12%)
                • Decreased sodium (12%)
                • Increased alkaline phosphatase (11%)

                >10% (MLNs)

                Increased phosphate (97%)

                Hyperphosphatemia (74%)

                Decreased lymphocytes (65%)

                Decreased leukocytes (65%)

                Nail toxicity (62%)

                Increased alkaline phosphatase (62%)

                Alopecia (59%)

                Stomatitis (53%)

                Decreased hemoglobin (53%)

                Diarrhea (50%)

                Dry eye (50%)

                Increased ALT (50%)

                Increased AST (47%)

                Decreased neutrophils (45%)

                Fatigue (44%)

                Increased creatinine (44%)

                Decreased phosphate (41%)

                Decreased sodium (41%)

                Rash (35%)

                Abdominal pain (35%)

                Anemia (35%)

                Increased glucose (33%)

                Constipation (32%)

                Dry mouth (32%)

                Epistaxis (29%)

                Retinal pigment epithelial detachment (26%)

                Pain in extremity (26%)

                Decreased calcium (26%)

                Increased calcium (26%)

                Decreased phosphate, Grade 3 or 4 (26%)

                Decreased appetite (24%)

                Dyspepsia (24%)

                Dry skin (24%)

                Back pain (24%)

                Decreased potassium (24%)

                Increased bilirubin (21%)

                Nail toxicity, Grade 3 or 4 (21%)

                Nausea (21%)

                Vision blued (21%)

                Peripheral edema (21%)

                Dizziness (21%)

                Palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia (18%)

                Trichiasis (18%)

                Pyrexia (18%)

                Anemia, Grade 3 or 4 (18%)

                Decreased lymphocyte, Grade 3 or 4 (16%)

                Stomatitis, Grade 3 or 4 (15%)

                Decreased leukocytes, Grade 3 or 4 (15%)

                Decreased platelets, Grade 3 or 4 (15%)

                Pain in extremity, Grade 3 or 4 (12%)

                Decreased neutrophils, Grade 3 or 4 (12%)

                Increased ALT, Grade 3 or 4 (12%)

                1-10% (Cholangiocarcinoma)

                Grade ≥3

                • Increased urate (10%)
                • Decreased lymphocytes (8%)
                • Decreased hemoglobin (6%)
                • Increased bilirubin (6%)
                • Increased AST (6%)
                • Arthralgia (6%)
                • Decreased potassium (5%)
                • Stomatitis (5%)
                • Abdominal pain (4.8%)
                • Fatigue (4.8%)
                • Increased calcium (4.1%)
                • Increased ALT (4.1%)
                • Palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (4.1%)
                • Decreased platelets (3.4%)
                • Dehydration (3.4%)
                • Decreased calcium (2.7%)
                • Diarrhea (2.7%)
                • Back pain (2.7%)
                • Urinary tract infection (2.7%)
                • Increased potassium (2.1%)
                • Nail toxicity (2.1%)
                • Pain in extremity (2.1%)
                • Weight loss (2.1%)
                • Decreased leukocytes (1.4%)
                • Increased creatinine (1.4%)
                • Decreased glucose (1.4%)
                • Decreased appetite (1.4%)
                • Vomiting (1.4%)

                1-10% (MLNs)

                Palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia, Grade 3 or 4 (9%)

                Fatigue, Grade 3 or 4 (9%)

                Dizziness, Grade 3 or 4 (9%)

                Decreased hemoglobin, Grade 3 or 4 (9%)

                Decreased sodium, Grade 3 or 4 (9%)

                Increased AST, Grade 3 or 4 (9%)

                Increased alkaline phosphate, Grade 3 or 4 (9%)

                Decreased appetite, Grade 3 or 4 (6%)

                Rash, Grade 3 or 4 (6%)

                Dry eye, Grade 3 or 4 (6%)

                Increased glucose, Grade 3 or 4 (3%)

                Hyperphosphatemia, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Diarrhea, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Abdominal pain, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Constipation, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Vision blurred, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Trichiasis, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Pyrexia, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Decreased calcium, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Increased calcium, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Decreased potassium, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                Increased phosphate, Grade 3 or 4 (2.9%)

                <1% (Cholangiocarcinoma)

                Grade ≥3

                • Increased leukocytes (0.7%)
                • Increased glucose (0.7%)
                • Dry skin (0.7%)
                • Constipation (0.7%)
                • Peripheral edema (0.7%)
                • Dry eye (0.7%)
                Previous
                Next:

                Warnings

                Contraindications

                None

                Cautions

                May cause RPED; symptoms include blurred vision, visual floaters, or photopsia; perform ophthalmological examination including optical coherence tomography before initiation, every 2 months for the first 6 months of therapy, and every 3 months thereafter, and, urgently at any time for visual symptoms

                Hyperphosphatemia reported; can cause hyperphosphatemia leading to soft tissue mineralization, cutaneous calcification, calcinosis, and nonuremic calciphylaxis; monitor for hyperphosphatemia and initiate a low phosphate diet when serum phosphate level is >5.5 mg/dL

                Can cause fetal harm

                Drug interaction overview

                CYP3A4 substrate

                Also inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp), OCT2, and MATE1 in vitro; no clinically significant difference in glucose levels were observed when coadministered with metformin (OCT2/MATE1 substrate)

                Strong or moderate CYP3A inducers
                • Avoid coadministration
                • Strong or moderate CYP3A inducers decrease pemigatinib plasma concentrations, which may reduce the efficacy of pemigatinib
                Strong and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors
                • Avoid coadministration; reduce pemigatinib dose, if concomitant use cannot be avoided
                • Strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors increase pemigatinib plasma concentrations, which may increase the risk and severity of adverse reactions
                Previous
                Next:

                Pregnancy & Lactation

                Pregnancy

                Based on animal data and its mechanism of action, fetal harm or loss of pregnancy may occur when administered to a pregnant females

                No data available on use in pregnant females

                Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential before initiation

                Contraception

                • Females of reproductive potential or males with female partners of reproductive potential: Use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 1 week after final dose

                Animal data

                • Oral administration to pregnant rats during organogenesis at maternal plasma exposures below the human exposure at the 13.5-mg dose resulted in fetal malformations, fetal growth retardation, and embryofetal death
                • Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus

                Lactation

                No data available on the presence of pemigatinib or its metabolites in human milk or their effects on either the breastfed child or on milk production

                Advise females not to breastfeed during treatment and for 1 week after the final dose

                Pregnancy Categories

                A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

                B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

                C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

                D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

                X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

                NA: Information not available.

                Previous
                Next:

                Pharmacology

                Mechanism of Action

                Orally bioavailable inhibitor of the FGFR types 1, 2, and 3 (FGFR1/2/3)

                Pemigatinib inhibits FGFR 1/2/3 phosphorylation and signaling, and decreases cell viability in cancer cell lines with activating FGFR amplifications and fusions

                Absorption

                Steady-state reached within 4 days following repeated once-daily dosing

                Peak plasma time: 1.13 hr

                Distribution

                Protein bound: 90.6%

                Vd: 235 L

                Metabolism

                Primarily metabolized by CYP3A4

                Elimination

                Half-life: 15.4 hr

                Clearance: 10.6 L/hr

                Excretion: Feces (82.4% [1.4% unchanged]); urine (12.6% [1% unchanged])

                Previous
                Next:

                Administration

                Oral Administration

                Take with or without food at around the same time every day

                Swallow tablet whole; do not crush, chew, split, or dissolve tablet

                Missed dose by ≥4 hr or vomited dose: Resume dosing at next scheduled dose

                Storage

                Store at room temperature, 20-25ºC (68-77ºF); excursions permitted to 15-30ºC (59-86ºF)

                Previous
                Next:

                Images

                No images available for this drug.
                Previous
                Next:

                Patient Handout

                A Patient Handout is not currently available for this monograph.
                Previous
                Next:

                Formulary

                FormularyPatient Discounts

                Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

                To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

                Adding plans allows you to:

                • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
                • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
                • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
                • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

                The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

                Tier Description
                1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
                2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
                3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
                4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
                Code Definition
                PA Prior Authorization
                Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
                QL Quantity Limits
                Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
                ST Step Therapy
                Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
                OR Other Restrictions
                Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
                Additional Offers
                Email to Patient

                From:

                To:

                The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.

                By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information.

                Email Forms to Patient

                From:

                To:

                The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.

                By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information.

                Previous
                Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.