pretomanid (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

tablet

  • 200mg

Tuberculosis

Indicated as part of a combination regimen with bedaquiline and linezolid for treatment of adults with pulmonary extensively drug-resistant (XDR) or treatment-intolerant or nonresponsive multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB)

Dosage regimen

  • Pretomanid 200 mg PO qDay x 26 weeks
  • Bedaquiline 400 mg PO qDay x 2 weeks, THEN, 200 mg 3x/week with at least 48 hr between doses for x 24 weeks (total of 26 weeks)
  • Linezolid 1200 mg PO qDay for 26 weeks; adjust dose as necessary (600 mg/day, further reduction to 300 mg/day, or interrupt dosing) for myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, or optic neuropathy

Dosage Modifications

Renal or hepatic impairment: Effect on the safety, effectiveness, and pharmacokinetics unknown

Hepatotoxicity

  • Interrupt treatment of entire regimen
    • Aminotransferase elevations and total bilirubin elevations >2x ULN
    • Aminotransferase elevations >8 x ULN
    • Aminotransferase elevations >5x ULN and persist beyond 2 weeks

Dosing Considerations

Indicated for use in a limited and specific patient population

Safety and effectiveness not established for use in combination with drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid

Assessments before initiating

  • Assess for symptoms and signs of liver disease (eg, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, jaundice, dark urine, liver tenderness, hepatomegaly)
  • Obtain laboratory tests (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin)
  • Obtain complete blood cell count
  • Obtain serum potassium, calcium, and magnesium and correct if abnormal
  • Obtain ECG

Limitations of use

  • Not indicated for
    • Drug-sensitive TB
    • Latent infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Extrapulmonary infection due to M tuberculosis
    • MDR-TB that is not treatment-intolerant or nonresponsive to standard therapy

Safety and efficacy not established

Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and pretomanid

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              Serious - Use Alternative (102)

              • acetaminophen

                acetaminophen, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • adefovir

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of adefovir by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • allopurinol

                allopurinol, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • amiodarone

                amiodarone, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • amobarbital

                amobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • amoxicillin

                amoxicillin, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • apalutamide

                apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • armodafinil

                armodafinil will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • atorvastatin

                atorvastatin, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • auranofin

                auranofin, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • azathioprine

                azathioprine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • baricitinib

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of baricitinib by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • bexarotene

                bexarotene will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • bosentan

                bosentan will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • brigatinib

                brigatinib will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • busulfan

                busulfan, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • butabarbital

                butabarbital will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • butalbital

                butalbital will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • carbamazepine

                carbamazepine will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

                carbamazepine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • cefaclor

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of cefaclor by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • clavulanate

                clavulanate, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • clobazam

                clobazam will increase the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • conjugated estrogens

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of conjugated estrogens by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • dabrafenib

                dabrafenib will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • danazol

                danazol, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • dienogest/estradiol valerate

                dienogest/estradiol valerate, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • efavirenz

                efavirenz will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

                efavirenz, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • encorafenib

                encorafenib will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • enzalutamide

                enzalutamide will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • erythromycin base

                erythromycin base, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • erythromycin ethylsuccinate

                erythromycin ethylsuccinate, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • erythromycin lactobionate

                erythromycin lactobionate, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • erythromycin stearate

                erythromycin stearate, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • eslicarbazepine acetate

                eslicarbazepine acetate will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of pretomanid with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • etravirine

                etravirine will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • famotidine

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of famotidine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • floxuridine

                floxuridine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • fluoxymesterone

                fluoxymesterone, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • flutamide

                flutamide, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • fosphenytoin

                fosphenytoin will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • furosemide

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of furosemide by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • ganciclovir

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • hydralazine

                hydralazine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • ibuprofen

                ibuprofen, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • imatinib

                imatinib, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • infliximab

                infliximab, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • interferon alfa 2b

                interferon alfa 2b, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • interferon beta 1a

                interferon beta 1a, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • interferon beta 1b

                interferon beta 1b, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • isoniazid

                isoniazid, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • ivosidenib

                ivosidenib will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • ketoconazole

                ketoconazole, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • levoketoconazole

                levoketoconazole, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • levonorgestrel oral

                levonorgestrel oral, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • levonorgestrel oral/ethinylestradiol/ferrous bisglycinate

                levonorgestrel oral/ethinylestradiol/ferrous bisglycinate, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • lorlatinib

                lorlatinib will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • lumacaftor/ivacaftor

                lumacaftor/ivacaftor will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • methotrexate

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of methotrexate by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

                methotrexate, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • methyldopa

                methyldopa, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • methyltestosterone

                methyltestosterone, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • minocycline

                minocycline, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • mitotane

                mitotane will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • nafcillin

                nafcillin will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • nevirapine

                nevirapine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • nitrofurantoin

                nitrofurantoin, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • oseltamivir

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of oseltamivir by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • oxandrolone

                oxandrolone, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • oxymetholone

                oxymetholone, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • peginterferon alfa 2a

                peginterferon alfa 2a, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • peginterferon alfa 2b

                peginterferon alfa 2b, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • peginterferon beta-1a

                peginterferon beta-1a, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • penicillin G aqueous

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of penicillin G aqueous by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

              • pentobarbital

                pentobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4. inducers

              • phenobarbital

                phenobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers

              • phenytoin

                phenytoin will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

                phenytoin, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • primidone

                primidone will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • propylthiouracil

                propylthiouracil, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • pyrazinamide

                pyrazinamide, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • quinidine

                quinidine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • rifabutin

                rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • rifampin

                rifampin will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

                rifampin, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • rifapentine

                rifapentine will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • secobarbital

                secobarbital will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • simvastatin

                simvastatin, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • St John's Wort

                St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • sulfadiazine

                sulfadiazine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • sulfamethoxazole

                sulfamethoxazole, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • sulfasalazine

                sulfasalazine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • sulfisoxazole

                sulfisoxazole, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • sulindac

                sulindac, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • tegaserod

                tegaserod, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • telotristat ethyl

                telotristat ethyl will decrease the level or effect of pretomanid by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate. Avoid coadministration of pretomanid with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers.

              • testosterone

                testosterone, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • testosterone buccal system

                testosterone buccal system, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • testosterone intranasal

                testosterone intranasal, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • testosterone topical

                testosterone topical, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • thioguanine

                thioguanine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • ticlopidine

                ticlopidine, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • valproic acid

                valproic acid, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • vitamin A

                vitamin A, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • vitamin D

                vitamin D, pretomanid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Pretomanid regimen associated with hepatotoxicity. Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid.

              • zidovudine

                pretomanid will increase the level or effect of zidovudine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

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                  Adverse Effects

                  Incidence refers to use of pretomanid in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid

                  >10%

                  Peripheral neuropathy (81%)

                  Acne (39%)

                  Anemia (37%)

                  Nausea (37%)

                  Vomiting (34%)

                  Musculoskeletal pain (29%)

                  Headache (28%)

                  Transaminases increased (28%)

                  Dyspepsia (24%)

                  Decreased appetite (22%)

                  Rash (21%)

                  Pruritus (20%)

                  Abdominal pain (19%)

                  Pleuritic pain (19%)

                  GGT increased (17%)

                  Lower respiratory tract infection (15%)

                  Hyperamylasemia (14%)

                  Hemoptysis (13%)

                  Cough (12%)

                  Visual impairment (12%)

                  Hypoglycemia (11%)

                  1-10%

                  Abnormal weight loss (10%)

                  Diarrhea (10%)

                  Constipation (8%)

                  Gastritis (8%)

                  Neutropenia (8%)

                  Dry skin (7%)

                  Hypertension (7%)

                  ECG QT prolonged (6%)

                  Hyperlipasemia (6%)

                  Insomnia (6%)

                  Thrombocytopenia (6%)

                  <5%

                  • Gastrointestinal disorders: Pancreatitis, dysgeusia
                  • Laboratory investigations: Blood creatine phosphokinase increase, blood creatinine increase, blood alkaline phosphatase increase
                  • Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Leukopenia
                  • Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
                  • Nervous system disorders: Dizziness, seizure
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                  Warnings

                  Contraindications

                  Pretomanid is contraindicated in patients for whom bedaquiline and/or linezolid are contraindicated

                  Cautions

                  Hepatic adverse reactions were reported with the combination; interruption of treatment may be necessary; obtain ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin at a minimum at baseline, at 2 weeks, and then monthly

                  Myelosuppression reported with combination (known adverse effect of linezolid); consider decreasing or interrupting linezolid dosing if patient has worsening myelosuppression

                  Peripheral and optic neuropathy reported (known adverse effect of linezolid); interrupt linezolid if necessary

                  QT prolongation reported with combination, although cardiac electrophysiology testing of pretomanid did not demonstrate prolonged QTc; discontinue if clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia or a QTcF interval of greater than 500 ms develops; if syncope occurs, obtain an ECG to detect QT prolongation

                  Pretomanid caused testicular atrophy and impaired fertility in male rats; effects on human male fertility have not been fully evaluated

                  Lactic acidosis reported with combination (known adverse effect of linezolid); immediately evaluate patient (including bicarbonate and lactic acid levels) if recurrent nausea or vomiting occurs; consider interrupting linezolid dosing or entire combination

                  Drug interaction overview

                  • Regimen associated with hepatotoxicity; avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic agents, including herbal supplements and drugs other than bedaquiline and linezolid
                  • Pretomanid may be in part metabolized by CYP3A4; avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers
                  • In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates
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                  Pregnancy & Lactation

                  Pregnancy

                  No data are available on use in pregnant women

                  Animal studies

                  • In animal reproduction studies, there was increased postimplantation loss in the presence of maternal toxicity (reduced bodyweight and feed consumption) with oral administration of pretomanid during organogenesis in rats at doses ~4 times the exposure at the recommended dose in humans
                  • No adverse embryofetal effects observed in rats or rabbits dosed with oral pretomanid during organogenesis at doses up to ~2 times the exposure in humans

                  Clinical considerations

                  • Active TB in pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including maternal anemia, caesarean delivery, preterm birth, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, and perinatal infant death

                  Infertility

                  • Males: Reduced fertility and testicular toxicity cannot be definitively ruled out as of August 2019

                  Lactation

                  No data are available regarding the presence of pretomanid in human milk, or its effects on milk production or the breastfed infant

                  Detected in rat milk; when a drug is present in animal milk, it is likely that the drug will be present in human milk

                  Because of the potential for adverse reactions in nursing infants, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for the drug and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant

                  Pregnancy Categories

                  A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

                  B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

                  C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

                  D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

                  X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

                  NA: Information not available.

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                  Pharmacology

                  Mechanism of Action

                  Nitroimidazooxazine antimycobacterial drug; kills actively replicating M tuberculosis by inhibiting mycolic acid biosynthesis, thereby blocking cell wall production

                  Under anaerobic conditions, against nonreplicating bacteria, pretomanid acts as a respiratory poison following nitric oxide release

                  All of these activities require nitro-reduction of pretomanid within the mycobacterial cell by deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn), which is dependent on the reduced form of cofactor F420

                  Absorption

                  Steady-state achieved: ~4-6 days

                  Peak plasma time

                  • Single-dose, fasting: 4 hr
                  • Single-dose, fed: 5 hr
                  • Steady-state: 4.5 hr

                  Peak plasma concentration

                  • Single-dose, fasting: 1.1 mcg/mL
                  • Single-dose, fed: 2 mcg/mL
                  • Steady-state: 1.7 mcg/mL

                  AUC

                  • Single-dose, fasting: 28.1-28.8 mcg⋅hr/mL
                  • Single-dose, fed: 51.6-53 mcg⋅hr/mL
                  • Steady-state: 30.2 mcg⋅hr/mL

                  Distribution

                  Protein bound: ~86.4%

                  Vd

                  • Single-dose, fasting: 180 L
                  • Single-dose, fed: 97 L

                  Metabolism

                  Metabolized by multiple reductive and oxidative pathways, with no single pathway considered as major

                  In vitro studies using recombinant CYP3A4 demonstrated that this enzyme is responsible for up to approximately 20% of the metabolism

                  Elimination

                  Half-life

                  • Single-dose, fasting: 16.9 hr
                  • Single-dose, fed: 17.4 hr
                  • Steady-state: 16 hr

                  Clearance

                  • Single-dose, fasting: 7.6 L/hr
                  • Single-dose, fed: 3.9 L/hr

                  Excretion

                  • Excreted primarily as metabolites
                  • Urine: 53%
                  • Feces: 38%
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                  Administration

                  Oral Administration

                  Take with food

                  Swallow tablet whole with water

                  Must be used only in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid as part of the recommended dosing regimen

                  Emphasize the need for compliance with the full course of therapy to patients

                  Administer the combination regimen of pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid by directly observed therapy

                  Missed dose

                  • Missed doses of the regimen for safety reasons: Can be made up at the end of treatment
                  • Doses of linezolid alone missed owing to linezolid adverse reactions should not be made up

                  Discontinuation

                  If either bedaquiline or pretomanid are discontinued, the entire combination regimen should also be discontinued

                  Linezolid permanently discontinued during initial 4 consecutive weeks: Bedaquiline and pretomanid should also be discontinued

                  Linezolid discontinued after initial 4 consecutive weeks: Continue administering bedaquiline and pretomanid

                  Storage

                  Store at room temperature <86ºF (30ºC)

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                  Images

                  No images available for this drug.
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                  Patient Handout

                  A Patient Handout is not currently available for this monograph.
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                  Formulary

                  FormularyPatient Discounts

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                  The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

                  Tier Description
                  1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
                  2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
                  3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
                  4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                  5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                  6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                  NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
                  Code Definition
                  PA Prior Authorization
                  Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
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                  Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.