Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
capsule: Schedule IV
- 5mg
- 10mg
Insomnia
Indicated for short-term treatment of insomnia
10 mg PO qHS intially; 5 mg may be sufficient for low weight individuals; 20 mg may be needed for occassional patient that does not benefit from a lower dose
Range: 5-20 mg/day
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment
- Mild-to-moderate: No dose adjustment necessary
- Severe: Not studied
Hepatic impairment
- Mild-to-moderate: 5 mg PO HS
- Severe: Not recommended
Coadministration with cimetidine
- Reduce initial dose to 5 mg qHS
- Cimetidine inhibits both aldehyde oxidase and CYP3A4, the primary and secondary enzymes, respectively, responsible for zaleplon metabolism
Not recommended
Insomnia
Indicated for short-term treatment of insomnia
5 mg PO qHS; not to exceed 10 mg/day
Interactions
Interaction Checker
No Results
Contraindicated
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Minor
Contraindicated (2)
- calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates
zaleplon, calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.
- sodium oxybate
zaleplon, sodium oxybate. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Coadministration with alcohol or sedative hypnotics are contraindicated because of additive CNS depression.
Serious - Use Alternative (13)
- benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- fentanyl
fentanyl, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- fentanyl intranasal
fentanyl intranasal, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- fentanyl transdermal
fentanyl transdermal, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- fentanyl transmucosal
fentanyl transmucosal, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration with other CNS depressants, such as skeletal muscle relaxants, may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, and/or death. Consider dose reduction of either or both agents to avoid serious adverse effects. Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and profound sedation.
- hydrocodone
hydrocodone, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- lemborexant
lemborexant, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Use of lemborexant with other drugs to treat insomnia is not recommended.
- metoclopramide intranasal
zaleplon, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.
- olopatadine intranasal
zaleplon and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.
- oxycodone
zaleplon and oxycodone both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Additive CNS depression may lead to hypotension, profound sedation, respiratory depression, or coma
- selinexor
selinexor, zaleplon. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Patients treated with selinexor may experience neurological toxicities. Avoid taking selinexor with other medications that may cause dizziness or confusion.
- sufentanil SL
sufentanil SL, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in hypotension, profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- valerian
valerian and zaleplon both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
Monitor Closely (40)
- acrivastine
acrivastine and zaleplon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- amisulpride
amisulpride and zaleplon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- asenapine
asenapine and zaleplon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- asenapine transdermal
asenapine transdermal and zaleplon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- avapritinib
avapritinib and zaleplon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- brexanolone
brexanolone, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- buprenorphine, long-acting injection
zaleplon increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
- carbamazepine
carbamazepine will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cenobamate
cenobamate, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- cimetidine
cimetidine will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- clobazam
zaleplon, clobazam. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Concomitant administration can increase the potential for CNS effects (e.g., increased sedation or respiratory depression).
- daridorexant
zaleplon and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.
- deutetrabenazine
zaleplon and deutetrabenazine both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- diazepam intranasal
diazepam intranasal, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may potentiate the CNS-depressant effects of each drug.
- difelikefalin
difelikefalin and zaleplon both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- erythromycin base
erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- erythromycin ethylsuccinate
erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- erythromycin lactobionate
erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- erythromycin stearate
erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- esketamine intranasal
esketamine intranasal, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
- flibanserin
zaleplon and flibanserin both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Risk for sedation increased if flibanserin is coadministration with other CNS depressants.
- fluvoxamine
fluvoxamine will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- gabapentin
gabapentin, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.
- gabapentin enacarbil
gabapentin enacarbil, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.
- ganaxolone
zaleplon and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
- itraconazole
itraconazole will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- ketoconazole
ketoconazole will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lasmiditan
lasmiditan, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of lasmiditan and other CNS depressant drugs, including alcohol have not been evaluated in clinical studies. Lasmiditan may cause sedation, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions.
- letermovir
letermovir increases levels of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- levoketoconazole
levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- lurasidone
lurasidone, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased CNS depressant effects when used concurrently; monitor for increased adverse effects and toxicity.
- midazolam intranasal
midazolam intranasal, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.
- nefazodone
nefazodone will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- oliceridine
oliceridine, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.
- pregabalin
pregabalin, zaleplon. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.
- remimazolam
remimazolam, zaleplon. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death. Continuously monitor vital signs during sedation and recovery period if coadministered. Carefully titrate remimazolam dose if administered with opioid analgesics and/or sedative/hypnotics.
- ribociclib
ribociclib will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifabutin
rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- rifampin
rifampin will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
- St John's Wort
St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.
Minor (52)
- amobarbital
amobarbital will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- aprepitant
aprepitant will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- armodafinil
armodafinil will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- artemether/lumefantrine
artemether/lumefantrine will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- atazanavir
atazanavir will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- bosentan
bosentan will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- butabarbital
butabarbital will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- butalbital
butalbital will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- clarithromycin
clarithromycin will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- conivaptan
conivaptan will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- cyclosporine
cyclosporine will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- darifenacin
darifenacin will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- darunavir
darunavir will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dasatinib
dasatinib will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dexamethasone
dexamethasone will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- DHEA, herbal
DHEA, herbal will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- dronedarone
dronedarone will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- efavirenz
efavirenz will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- eslicarbazepine acetate
eslicarbazepine acetate will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- etravirine
etravirine will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fluconazole
fluconazole will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- grapefruit
grapefruit will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- griseofulvin
griseofulvin will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- hydrocortisone
hydrocortisone will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- indinavir
indinavir will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- isoniazid
isoniazid will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lapatinib
lapatinib will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- lumefantrine
lumefantrine will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- marijuana
marijuana will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- metronidazole
metronidazole will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- miconazole vaginal
miconazole vaginal will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nelfinavir
nelfinavir will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nevirapine
nevirapine will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nifedipine
nifedipine will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- nilotinib
nilotinib will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- oxcarbazepine
oxcarbazepine will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- pentobarbital
pentobarbital will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- phenobarbital
phenobarbital will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- phenytoin
phenytoin will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- posaconazole
posaconazole will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- primidone
primidone will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- quinupristin/dalfopristin
quinupristin/dalfopristin will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- rifapentine
rifapentine will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- ritonavir
ritonavir will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- rufinamide
rufinamide will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- secobarbital
secobarbital will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- topiramate
topiramate will decrease the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- verapamil
verapamil will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
- voriconazole
voriconazole will increase the level or effect of zaleplon by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
Adverse Effects
>10%
Headache (38%)
1-10%
Dizziness (7-9%)
Nausea (6-8%)
Abdominal pain (6%)
Weakness (5-7%)
Dysmenorrhea (3-4%)
Eye pain (3-4%)
Amnesia (2-4%)
Parasthesia (3%)
Tremor (2%)
<1%
Fever
Photosensitivity
Anorexia
Colitis
Periphipheral edema
Amnesia
Anxiety
Depersonalization
Hallucination
Hypesthesia
Vertigo
Epistaxis
Abnl vision
Ear pain
Hyperacusis
Parosmia
Postmarketing Reports
Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, including severe reactions
Nightmares
Warnings
Black Box Warnings
Complex sleep behaviors including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake may occur; some of these events may result in serious injuries, including death; discontinue therapy immediately if a patient experiences a complex sleep behavior
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Patients who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking zaleplon
Cautions
Use caution in mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment; not recommended with severe hepatic impairment
Amnesia may occur
Use caution in patients respiratory diseases or patients experiencing clinical depression (condition may worsen)
Therapy can cause drowsiness and a decreased level of consciousness; patients, particularly the elderly, are at higher risk of falls
In primarily depressed patients treated with sedative-hypnotics, worsening of depression, including suicidal thoughts and actions (including completed suicides), reported
Post-marketing reports have shown complex sleep behaviors may occur with drug alone at recommended dosages, with or without the concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants
Dosage adjustments of drug and of other concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary when drug administered with such agents because of potentially additive effects
Use with other sedative-hypnotics at bedtime or the middle of the night not recommended
Risk of next-day psychomotor impairment, including impaired driving, is increased if drug taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if a higher than recommended dose taken; if coadministered with other CNS depressants or alcohol; or if coadministered with other drugs that increase blood levels of zaleplon; warn patients against driving and other activities requiring complete mental alertness if drug taken in these circumstances
Signs and symptoms associated with withdrawal from other CNS depressant drugs reported following rapid dose decrease or abrupt discontinuation of use of sedative/hypnotics
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Lactation: small amount secreted in breast milk, not recommended
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Pyrazolopyrimidine; GABA-BZD receptor complex agonist
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life elimination: 1 hr
Duration: Shorter than zolpidem
Peak Plasma Time: 1 hr
Bioavailability: 30% (undergoes extensive presystemic metabolism)
Protein Bound: 45-75%
Vd: 1.4 L/kg
Metabolism: mostly by aldehyde oxidase; some by CYP3A4
Metabolites: Inactive
Total Body Clearance: 3 L/hr/kg
Excretion: urine 70%; feces 17%
Images
| BRAND | FORM. | UNIT PRICE | PILL IMAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| zaleplon oral - | 10 mg capsule |  | |
| zaleplon oral - | 5 mg capsule |  | |
| zaleplon oral - | 10 mg capsule |  | |
| zaleplon oral - | 10 mg capsule |  | |
| zaleplon oral - | 5 mg capsule |  | |
| zaleplon oral - | 10 mg capsule |  | |
| zaleplon oral - | 5 mg capsule |  | |
| zaleplon oral - | 5 mg capsule |  |
Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.
Patient Handout
zaleplon oral
ZALEPLON - ORAL
(ZAL-e-plon)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Sonata
WARNING: Rarely, after taking this drug, people have gotten out of bed and driven vehicles while not fully awake ("sleep-driving"). People have also sleepwalked, prepared/eaten food, made phone calls, or had sex while not fully awake. Often, these people do not remember these events. This problem can be dangerous (possibly fatal) to you or to others. If you find out that you have done any of these activities after taking this medication, tell your doctor right away. You should not take this medication or similar medications (such as eszopiclone, zolpidem) if you have this reaction to the medication.
USES: This medication is used for a short time to treat people who have trouble falling asleep. If you have other sleep problems such as not being able to sleep through the night, this medication may not be right for you. Zaleplon is known as a hypnotic. It works on certain centers in the brain to relax you and help you fall asleep faster.
HOW TO USE: Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start taking zaleplon and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. Zaleplon works very quickly, so it is important to take it just before or when you get into bed. Your doctor will work with you to find the smallest dose that works for you.Zaleplon should not be used for naps. Do not take a dose of this drug unless you have time for a full night's sleep of at least 7 to 8 hours. If you have to wake up before that, you may have some memory loss and may have trouble safely doing any activity that requires alertness, such as driving or operating machinery.You should not eat a very heavy/high-fat meal within 2 hours before taking this medication since doing so may prevent the drug from working properly.Dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to therapy. Since this medication is usually prescribed for a short time, your doctor will tell you when to stop taking it or when to cut back.You may feel anxious or have trouble falling asleep in the first day or two after stopping this medication (rebound insomnia). Contact your doctor if you continue to have trouble falling asleep several days after stopping zaleplon.If you suddenly stop using this medication, you may have withdrawal symptoms (such as unusual depressed/anxious mood, stomach/muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, shakiness, or seizures). To help prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. Withdrawal is more likely if you have used zaleplon for a long time (more than a few weeks) or in high doses. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if you have withdrawal.Though it helps many people, this medication may sometimes cause addiction. This risk may be higher if you have a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol). Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or use it for a longer time than prescribed. Properly stop the medication when so directed.Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse.
SIDE EFFECTS: See also Warning section.Dizziness, drowsiness, short-term memory loss, or lack of coordination may occur, especially during the first 2 hours after you take the medication. Taking the medication properly just before falling asleep will reduce your risk of these effects. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (such as agitation, confusion, seeing/hearing things that are not there, rare thoughts of suicide), unusual behavior.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: See also Warning section.Before taking zaleplon, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: liver problems, very high/low blood pressure, breathing problems (such as asthma), depression, personal or family history of a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol).This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).To reduce the risk of dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are using this medication.Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially memory problems, confusion, dizziness, lack of coordination. Dizziness and lack of coordination can increase the risk of falling.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.This medication passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: melatonin, sodium oxybate.Other medications can affect the removal of zaleplon from your body, which may affect how zaleplon works. Examples include azole antifungals (such as ketoconazole), cimetidine, rifamycins (such as rifabutin, rifampin), drugs used to treat seizures (such as phenobarbital, phenytoin), among others.The risk of serious side effects (such as slow/shallow breathing, severe drowsiness/dizziness) may be increased if this medication is taken with other products that may also cause drowsiness or breathing problems. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products such as opioid pain or cough relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone), alcohol, marijuana (cannabis), other drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), or antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine).Check the labels on all your medicines (such as allergy or cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include confusion, loss of coordination, slow/shallow breathing, and loss of consciousness.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others. Sharing it is against the law.Lifestyle changes may help improve your sleep (such as avoid drinking beverages containing caffeine close to bedtime or taking daytime naps). Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
MISSED DOSE: Not applicable.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
Information last revised April 2022. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
Formulary
Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.
Adding plans allows you to:
- View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
- Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
- Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
- Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.
