buprenorphine, long-acting injection (Rx)

Opioid Use Disorder

Sublocade

• Indicated for moderate-to-severe opioid use disorder (OUD) in adults who have initiated treatment with a transmucosal buprenorphine-containing product and have been on a stable dose of transmucosal buprenorphine treatment for ≥7 days
• Prescribe as part of a complete treatment plan that includes counseling and psychosocial support
• 300 mg SC once monthly for the first 2 months, followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg/month
• May increase maintenance dose to 300 mg monthly if 100-mg dose tolerated, but do not demonstrate a satisfactory clinical response, as evidenced by self-reported illicit opioid use or urine drug screens positive for illicit opioid use

Brixadi

• Indicated for moderate-to-severe OUD in adults who have initiated treatment with a single dose of a transmucosal buprenorphine product or who are already being treated with buprenorphine

• Not currently receiving buprenorphine treatment (once weekly dosing)

  • Recommended weekly target dose: 24 mg SC q7days
  • Titrate up over first week as follows
  • To avoid precipitating an opioid withdrawal syndrome, administer a test dose of transmucosal buprenorphine 4 mg when objective signs of mild to moderate withdrawal appear
  • If dose of transmucosal buprenorphine is tolerated without precipitated withdrawal, administer first dose of Brixadi (weekly) 16 mg SC
  • Administer an additional dose of 8 mg Brixadi (weekly) within 3 days of the first dose to achieve the recommended 24-mg (weekly) dose
  • If needed, during this first week of treatment, administer an additional 8 mg dose, waiting at least 24 hr after previous injection, for a total weekly dose of 32 mg
  • Administer subsequent weekly injections based on the total weekly dose that was established during Week 1
  • Dosage adjustments can be made at weekly appointments
  • Maximum weekly dose is 32 mg

• Switching from transmucosal buprenorphine to Brixadi weekly

  • Administer q7days; to avoid missed doses, may administer weekly dose up to 2 days before or after weekly time point
  • ≤6 mg SL: 8 mg SC
  • 8-10 mg SL: 16 mg SC
  • 12-16 mg SL: 24 mg SC
  • 18-24 mg SL: 32 mg SC

• Switching from transmucosal buprenorphine to Brixadi monthly

  • Administer q28days; to avoid missed doses, may administer monthly dose up to 1 week before or after monthly time point
  • ≤6 mg SL: N/A
  • 8-10 mg SL: 64 mg SC
  • 12-16 mg SL: 96 mg SC
  • 18-24 mg SL: 128 mg SC

• Transitioning between Brixadi weekly and monthly

  • 16 mg/week SC: Give 64 mg SC monthly
  • 24 mg/week SC: Give 96 mg SC monthly
  • 32 mg/week SC: Give 128 mg SC monthly

• Brixadi dose adjustments

  • An additional 8 mg (weekly) injection may be administered, based on clinical judgment during a dosing interval up to maximum of 32 mg/week (Brixadi weekly) or 128 mg/month (Brixadi monthly)

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment

• Studies did not include patients with renal impairment

Hepatic impairment

• Preexisting moderate or severe

  • Because of the long‐acting nature of these products, dosage adjustments are not rapidly reflected in plasma buprenorphine levels
  • Because buprenorphine levels cannot be rapidly adjusted, patients with pre‐existing moderate-to-severe hepatic impairment are not candidates for treatment

Dosing Considerations

Patient selection

• For use as part of a complete treatment plan that includes counseling and psychosocial support

• Sublocade

  • Appropriate patients for buprenorphine long-acting SC are adults who have initiated treatment on a transmucosal buprenorphine-containing product delivering the equivalent of 8-24 mg/day for at least 7 days

• Brixadi

  • Brixadi weekly: Adults who have tolerated a single 4-mg transmucosal dose of buprenorphine
  • Brixadi (weekly or monthly): Adults who are currently being treated with transmucosal buprenorphine

Clinical supervision

• Periodic assessment is necessary to determine effectiveness of the treatment plan and overall patient progress
• When evaluating, examine the injection site for signs of infection or evidence of tampering or attempts to remove the depot
• Owing to the chronic nature of opioid use disorder, the need for continuing medication-assisted treatment should be reevaluated periodically
• There is no maximum recommended duration of maintenance treatment
• For some patients, treatment may continue indefinitely
• If considering stopping treatment, the clinical status of the patient should be considered

Removal of the depot

• Sublocade

  • Forms a solid mass (depot) upon contact with body fluids
  • If depot must be removed, it can be surgically excised under local anesthesia within 14 days of injection; only the most recently injected depot can be removed
  • Handled disposalwith adequate security, accountability, and proper disposal, per facility procedure for a Schedule III drug product and pharmaceutical biohazardous waste, and per applicable federal, state, and local regulations
  • Residual plasma concentrations from previous injections decreases gradually over subsequent months
  • Following removal, monitor for signs and symptoms of withdrawal

• Brixadi

  • Removal is not recommended
  • Forms a biodegradable liquid crystalline gel upon injection that is not always palpable and may not be conducive to surgical removal

Access to naloxone for opioid overdose

• Assess need for naloxone upon initiating and renewing treatment

• Consider prescribing naloxone

  • Based on patient’s risk factors for overdose (eg, concomitant use of CNS depressants, a history of opioid use disorder, prior opioid overdose); presence of risk factors should not prevent proper pain management
  • Household members (including children) or other close contacts at risk for accidental ingestion or overdose

• Consult patients and caregivers on the following:

  • Availability of naloxone for emergency treatment of opioid overdose
  • Ways differ on how to obtain naloxone as permitted by individual state dispensing and prescribing requirements or guidelines (eg, by prescription, directly from a pharmacist, as part of a community-based program)

<17 years: Safety and efficacy not established

Clinical trials did not include sufficient numbers of individuals aged ≥65 y to determine whether they responded differently than younger individuals

Owing to possible decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy in geriatric patients, the decision to prescribe buprenorphine long-acting SC injection should be made cautiously in individuals aged ≥65 y

If prescribed in geriatric patients, monitor for signs and symptoms of toxicity or overdose

Contraindicated (6)

• dronedarone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dronedarone both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.

• fezolinetant

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection will increase the level or effect of fezolinetant by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Contraindicated. Fezolinetant AUC and peak plasma concentration are increased if coadministered with drugs that are weak, moderate, or strong CYP1A2 inhibitors

• fluconazole

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluconazole both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.

• lefamulin

  lefamulin will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Lefamulin is contraindicated with CYP3A substrates know to prolong the QT interval.

• posaconazole

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and posaconazole both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.

• thioridazine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and thioridazine both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.

Serious - Use Alternative (160)

• abametapir

  abametapir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. For 2 weeks after abametapir application, avoid taking drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates. If not feasible, avoid use of abametapir.

• acrivastine

  acrivastine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• amiodarone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amiodarone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amisulpride

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amisulpride both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  amisulpride and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• amitriptyline

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amitriptyline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amoxapine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amoxapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• anagrelide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and anagrelide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• apalutamide

  apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of apalutamide, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates can result in lower exposure to these medications. Avoid or substitute another drug for these medications when possible. Evaluate for loss of therapeutic effect if medication must be coadministered. Adjust dose according to prescribing information if needed.

• apomorphine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and apomorphine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aripiprazole

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and aripiprazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• arsenic trioxide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and arsenic trioxide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• artemether

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and artemether both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• artemether/lumefantrine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and artemether/lumefantrine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• asenapine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and asenapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  asenapine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• asenapine transdermal

  asenapine transdermal and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• atomoxetine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and atomoxetine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• avapritinib

  avapritinib and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• azithromycin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and azithromycin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• bedaquiline

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and bedaquiline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Mixed opioid agonists/antagonists and partial opioid agonists may reduce the analgesic effect of hydrocodone (benzhydrocodone prodrug of hydrocodone) and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms in opioid tolerant patients.
  
  benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• brexpiprazole

  brexpiprazole and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• brimonidine

  brimonidine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• brivaracetam

  brivaracetam and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• buprenorphine subdermal implant

  buprenorphine subdermal implant and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• ceritinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ceritinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• chloroquine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and chloroquine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• chlorpromazine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and chlorpromazine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ciprofloxacin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ciprofloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• citalopram

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and citalopram both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clarithromycin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and clarithromycin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clomipramine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and clomipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clonidine

  clonidine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration enhances CNS depressant effects.

• clozapine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and clozapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• crizotinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and crizotinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dasatinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dasatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• degarelix

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and degarelix both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desflurane

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and desflurane both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desipramine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and desipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• deutetrabenazine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and deutetrabenazine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• diazepam intranasal

  diazepam intranasal, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

• disopyramide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and disopyramide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dofetilide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dofetilide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dolasetron

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dolasetron both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• donepezil

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and donepezil both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• doxepin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and doxepin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• efavirenz

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and efavirenz both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• eliglustat

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and eliglustat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• encorafenib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and encorafenib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• entrectinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and entrectinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• eribulin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and eribulin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin base

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin base both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin ethylsuccinate

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin ethylsuccinate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin lactobionate

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin lactobionate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin stearate

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin stearate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• escitalopram

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and escitalopram both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fexinidazole

  fexinidazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Fexinidazole inhibits CYP3A4. Coadministration may increase risk for adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fexinidazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fingolimod

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fingolimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• flecainide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and flecainide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluoxetine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluoxetine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluvoxamine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluvoxamine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• foscarnet

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and foscarnet both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fostemsavir

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fostemsavir both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• gemifloxacin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and gemifloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• gemtuzumab

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and gemtuzumab both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• gilteritinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and gilteritinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• glasdegib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and glasdegib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• goserelin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and goserelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• granisetron

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and granisetron both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• haloperidol

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and haloperidol both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• histrelin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and histrelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• hydrocodone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of hydrocodone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Mixed opioid agonists/antagonists and partial opioid agonists may reduce the analgesic effect of hydrocodone and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms in opioid tolerant patients. .

• hydroxychloroquine sulfate

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and hydroxychloroquine sulfate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ibutilide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ibutilide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• iloperidone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and iloperidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• imipramine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and imipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• inotuzumab

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and inotuzumab both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• isoflurane

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and isoflurane both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• itraconazole

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and itraconazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ivosidenib

  ivosidenib will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with ivosidenib or replace with alternate therapies. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor patients for loss of therapeutic effect of these drugs.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ivosidenib both decrease QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lapatinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lapatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lefamulin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lefamulin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lenvatinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lenvatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• leuprolide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and leuprolide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• levofloxacin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and levofloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lithium

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lithium both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lofexidine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lofexidine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lonafarnib

  lonafarnib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP3A substrates. If coadministration unavoidable, monitor for adverse reactions and reduce CYP3A substrate dose in accordance with product labeling.

• loperamide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and loperamide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lopinavir

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lopinavir both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• macimorelin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and macimorelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mefloquine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mefloquine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• methadone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and methadone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• metoclopramide intranasal

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.

• midostaurin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and midostaurin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mifepristone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mifepristone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mirtazapine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mirtazapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mobocertinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mobocertinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• moxifloxacin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and moxifloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nilotinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and nilotinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nortriptyline

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and nortriptyline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• octreotide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and octreotide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ofloxacin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ofloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• olanzapine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and olanzapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limited data, including some case reports, suggest that olanzapine may be associated with a significant prolongation of the QTc interval in rare instances

• oliceridine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection, oliceridine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Concomitant use may reduce analgesic effect of oliceridine and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms.

• olopatadine intranasal

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

• ondansetron

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ondansetron both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• osilodrostat

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and osilodrostat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dose dependent QT prolongation - avoid drugs known to prolong the QT interval

• osimertinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and osimertinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• oxaliplatin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and oxaliplatin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ozanimod

  ozanimod and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Therefore, coadministration of ozanimod with drugs that can increase norepinephrine or serotonin is not recommended. Monitor for hypertension with concomitant use.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ozanimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• paliperidone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and paliperidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• panobinostat

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and panobinostat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pasireotide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pasireotide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pazopanib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pazopanib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pentamidine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pentamidine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pimavanserin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pimavanserin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pimozide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pimozide both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.

• pitolisant

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pitolisant both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ponesimod

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ponesimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• primaquine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and primaquine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• procainamide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and procainamide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• promethazine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and promethazine both decrease QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• propafenone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and propafenone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• protriptyline

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and protriptyline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quetiapine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and quetiapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinidine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and quinidine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and quinine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ribociclib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ribociclib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• rilpivirine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and rilpivirine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• risperidone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and risperidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• romidepsin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and romidepsin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• saquinavir

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and saquinavir both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• selinexor

  selinexor, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Patients treated with selinexor may experience neurological toxicities. Avoid taking selinexor with other medications that may cause dizziness or confusion.

• selpercatinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and selpercatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sertraline

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sertraline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sevoflurane

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sevoflurane both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• siponimod

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and siponimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• solifenacin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and solifenacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sorafenib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sorafenib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sotalol

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sotalol both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sufentanil SL

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of sufentanil SL by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of opioid mixed agonist/antagonist or partial agonist may reduce sufentail SL analgesic effect and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms.

• sunitinib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sunitinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tacrolimus

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and tacrolimus both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• telavancin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and telavancin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tetrabenazine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and tetrabenazine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• toremifene

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and toremifene both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• trazodone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and trazodone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triclabendazole

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and triclabendazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• trimipramine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and trimipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triptorelin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and triptorelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tucatinib

  tucatinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid concomitant use of tucatinib with CYP3A substrates, where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. If unavoidable, reduce CYP3A substrate dose according to product labeling.

• vandetanib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vandetanib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vardenafil

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vardenafil both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vemurafenib

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vemurafenib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• venlafaxine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and venlafaxine both decrease QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voclosporin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and voclosporin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voriconazole

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and voriconazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vorinostat

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vorinostat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voxelotor

  voxelotor will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Voxelotor increases systemic exposure of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates. Avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index. Consider dose reduction of the sensitive CYP3A4 substrate(s) if unable to avoid.

• ziprasidone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ziprasidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

Monitor Closely (256)

• albuterol

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and albuterol both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfentanil

  alfentanil increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• alfuzosin

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and alfuzosin both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alprazolam

  alprazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• amiloride

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of amiloride by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• amiodarone

  amiodarone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• amitriptyline

  amitriptyline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• amobarbital

  amobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  amobarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• amoxapine

  amoxapine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• amphetamine

  amphetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• amphetamine polistirex

  amphetamine polistirex, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• apalutamide

  apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Apalutamide induces UGT and may decrease systemic exposure of drugs that are UGT substrates.

• aprepitant

  aprepitant will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• arbaclofen

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of arbaclofen by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• arformoterol

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and arformoterol both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aripiprazole

  aripiprazole increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• armodafinil

  armodafinil will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• asenapine

  asenapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• atazanavir

  atazanavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• atracurium

  atracurium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• atropine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of atropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• baclofen

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of baclofen by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• belzutifan

  belzutifan will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If unable to avoid coadministration of belzutifan with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates, consider increasing the sensitive CYP3A4 substrate dose in accordance with its prescribing information.

• bendroflumethiazide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of bendroflumethiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• bicalutamide

  bicalutamide will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• bosentan

  bosentan will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• brexanolone

  brexanolone, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bumetanide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• buprenorphine

  buprenorphine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• buprenorphine transdermal

  buprenorphine transdermal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• buspirone

  buspirone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• butabarbital

  butabarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  butabarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• butalbital

  butalbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  butalbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• butorphanol

  butorphanol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• carbamazepine

  carbamazepine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• cariprazine

  cariprazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• carisoprodol

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of carisoprodol by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• cenobamate

  cenobamate will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increase dose of CYP3A4 substrate, as needed, when coadministered with cenobamate.
  
  cenobamate, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ceritinib

  ceritinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• chloral hydrate

  chloral hydrate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• chlordiazepoxide

  chlordiazepoxide increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• chlorothiazide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of chlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• chlorpromazine

  chlorpromazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• chlorthalidone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of chlorthalidone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• chlorzoxazone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of chlorzoxazone by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• cisatracurium

  cisatracurium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• citalopram

  citalopram, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• clarithromycin

  clarithromycin will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• clobazam

  clobazam will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• clomipramine

  clomipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• clonazepam

  clonazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• clorazepate

  clorazepate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• clozapine

  clozapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• cobicistat

  cobicistat will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• codeine

  codeine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• conivaptan

  conivaptan will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• crizotinib

  crizotinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• cyclobenzaprine

  cyclobenzaprine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of cyclobenzaprine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• cyclosporine

  cyclosporine will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• dabrafenib

  dabrafenib will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• dantrolene

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of dantrolene by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• daridorexant

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

• darunavir

  darunavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• desflurane

  desflurane increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• desipramine

  desipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• desvenlafaxine

  desvenlafaxine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• dexamethasone

  dexamethasone will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• dexmedetomidine

  dexmedetomidine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• dexmethylphenidate

  dexmethylphenidate, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• dextroamphetamine

  dextroamphetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• diazepam

  diazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of diazepam by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• dicyclomine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of dicyclomine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• diethylpropion

  diethylpropion, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• diltiazem

  diltiazem will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• doxepin

  doxepin, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• doxycycline

  doxycycline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• doxylamine

  doxylamine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• dronedarone

  dronedarone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• duloxetine

  duloxetine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• efavirenz

  efavirenz will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• elagolix

  elagolix will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Elagolix is a weak-to-moderate CYP3A4 inducer. Monitor CYP3A substrates if coadministered. Consider increasing CYP3A substrate dose if needed.

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• enzalutamide

  enzalutamide will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• erythromycin base

  erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• erythromycin ethylsuccinate

  erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• erythromycin lactobionate

  erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• erythromycin stearate

  erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• escitalopram

  escitalopram, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• eslicarbazepine acetate

  eslicarbazepine acetate will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• estazolam

  estazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• eszopiclone

  eszopiclone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ethacrynic acid

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of ethacrynic acid by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• ethanol

  ethanol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• etomidate

  etomidate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• etravirine

  etravirine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fentanyl

  fentanyl increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fentanyl intranasal

  fentanyl intranasal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fentanyl transdermal

  fentanyl transdermal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fentanyl transmucosal

  fentanyl transmucosal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fluconazole

  fluconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fluoxetine

  fluoxetine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• fluphenazine

  fluphenazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluphenazine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• flurazepam

  flurazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fluvoxamine

  fluvoxamine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. If concomitant use warranted, carefully observe patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome suspected

• fosamprenavir

  fosamprenavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fosaprepitant

  fosaprepitant will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fosphenytoin

  fosphenytoin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• furosemide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of furosemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• gabapentin

  gabapentin, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

• gabapentin enacarbil

  gabapentin enacarbil, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

• ganaxolone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• glycopyrrolate

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of glycopyrrolate by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• grapefruit

  grapefruit will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• haloperidol

  haloperidol will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  haloperidol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• hydromorphone

  hydromorphone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• hydroxyzine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and hydroxyzine both increase QTc interval. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If coadministration necessary, consider consider dose reduction of one or both drugs due to potential for additive pharmacological effects

• hyoscyamine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of hyoscyamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• hyoscyamine spray

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of hyoscyamine spray by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• idelalisib

  idelalisib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• iloperidone

  iloperidone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  iloperidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• imatinib

  imatinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• imipramine

  imipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• indapamide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of indapamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• indinavir

  indinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• isocarboxazid

  isocarboxazid, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• isoflurane

  isoflurane increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• isoniazid

  isoniazid will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• istradefylline

  istradefylline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Istradefylline 40 mg/day increased peak levels and AUC of CYP3A4 substrates in clinical trials. This effect was not observed with istradefylline 20 mg/day. Consider dose reduction of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates.

• itraconazole

  itraconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• ketamine

  ketamine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ketoconazole

  ketoconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• lapatinib

  lapatinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• lasmiditan

  lasmiditan, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of lasmiditan and other CNS depressant drugs, including alcohol have not been evaluated in clinical studies. Lasmiditan may cause sedation, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions.

• lemborexant

  lemborexant, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Dosage adjustment may be necessary if lemborexant is coadministered with other CNS depressants because of potentially additive effects.

• lenacapavir

  lenacapavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. When initiating buprenorphine while on lenacapavir, use lowest feasible initial or maintenance dose of buprenorphine and carefully titrate dose to desired effect. When initiating lenacapavir while taking buprenorphine, consider adjusting dose for buprenorphine. Monitor clinical signs and symptoms.

• levoketoconazole

  levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• levomilnacipran

  levomilnacipran, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• levorphanol

  levorphanol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• linezolid

  linezolid, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• lisdexamfetamine

  lisdexamfetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• lopinavir

  lopinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• lorazepam

  lorazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• loxapine

  loxapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• loxapine inhaled

  loxapine inhaled increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• lumacaftor/ivacaftor

  lumacaftor/ivacaftor will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• lurasidone

  lurasidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• maprotiline

  maprotiline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and maprotiline both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• meperidine

  meperidine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• meprobamate

  meprobamate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• metaxalone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of metaxalone by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• methadone

  methadone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• methamphetamine

  methamphetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• methocarbamol

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of methocarbamol by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• methohexital

  methohexital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• methscopolamine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of methscopolamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• methyclothiazide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of methyclothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• methylene blue

  methylene blue, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• metolazone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of metolazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• metronidazole

  metronidazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• midazolam

  midazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• midazolam intranasal

  midazolam intranasal, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.

• milnacipran

  milnacipran, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• mirtazapine

  mirtazapine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• mitotane

  mitotane will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• molindone

  molindone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• morphine

  morphine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• nafcillin

  nafcillin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nalbuphine

  nalbuphine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• nefazodone

  nefazodone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  nefazodone, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• nelfinavir

  nelfinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2E1 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• netupitant/palonosetron

  netupitant/palonosetron will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nevirapine

  nevirapine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nicardipine

  nicardipine will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nortriptyline

  nortriptyline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• olanzapine

  olanzapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• orphenadrine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of orphenadrine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• oxazepam

  oxazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• oxcarbazepine

  oxcarbazepine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• oxycodone

  oxycodone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• oxymorphone

  oxymorphone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• paliperidone

  paliperidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• pancuronium

  pancuronium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• paroxetine

  paroxetine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and paroxetine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pentazocine

  pentazocine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• pentobarbital

  pentobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  pentobarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• perphenazine

  perphenazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and perphenazine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• phendimetrazine

  phendimetrazine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• phenelzine

  phenelzine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• phenobarbital

  phenobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• phenytoin

  phenytoin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• pimavanserin

  pimavanserin increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• pimozide

  pimozide increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• posaconazole

  posaconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• pregabalin

  pregabalin, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

• primidone

  primidone will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• prochlorperazine

  prochlorperazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and prochlorperazine both decrease QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• propantheline

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of propantheline by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• propofol

  propofol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• protriptyline

  protriptyline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• quazepam

  quazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• quetiapine

  quetiapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• quinupristin/dalfopristin

  quinupristin/dalfopristin will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• ramelteon

  ramelteon increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ranolazine

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ranolazine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rasagiline

  rasagiline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• remifentanil

  remifentanil increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ribociclib

  ribociclib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rifabutin

  rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rifampin

  rifampin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rifapentine

  rifapentine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• risperidone

  risperidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ritonavir

  ritonavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rocuronium

  rocuronium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• rucaparib

  rucaparib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Adjust dosage of CYP3A4 substrates, if clinically indicated.

• safinamide

  safinamide, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• saquinavir

  saquinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• schisandra

  schisandra will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• secobarbital

  secobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  secobarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• selegiline

  selegiline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• selegiline transdermal

  selegiline transdermal, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate

  serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• sertraline

  sertraline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  sertraline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• sevoflurane

  sevoflurane increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• spironolactone

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of spironolactone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• St John's Wort

  St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• stiripentol

  stiripentol, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Stiripentol is a CYP3A4 inhibitor and inducer. Monitor CYP3A4 substrates coadministered with stiripentol for increased or decreased effects. CYP3A4 substrates may require dosage adjustment.

• succinylcholine

  succinylcholine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• sufentanil

  sufentanil increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• sufentanil SL

  sufentanil SL increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• suvorexant

  suvorexant increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tapentadol

  tapentadol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tasimelteon

  tasimelteon increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tazemetostat

  tazemetostat will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tecovirimat

  tecovirimat will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Tecovirimat is a weak CYP3A4 inducer. Monitor sensitive CYP3A4 substrates for effectiveness if coadministered.

• telotristat ethyl

  telotristat ethyl will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• temazepam

  temazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tetracycline

  tetracycline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• thioridazine

  thioridazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• thiothixene

  thiothixene increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tipranavir

  tipranavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• torsemide

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of torsemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• tramadol

  tramadol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tranylcypromine

  tranylcypromine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• trazodone

  trazodone, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• triamterene

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of triamterene by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• triazolam

  triazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• trifluoperazine

  trifluoperazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and trifluoperazine both decrease QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• trimipramine

  trimipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• vecuronium

  vecuronium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• venlafaxine

  venlafaxine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• verapamil

  verapamil will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• voriconazole

  voriconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• zaleplon

  zaleplon increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ziprasidone

  ziprasidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• zolpidem

  zolpidem increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

Minor (0)

• abametapir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)abametapir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. For 2 weeks after abametapir application, avoid taking drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates. If not feasible, avoid use of abametapir.

• acrivastine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)acrivastine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• albuterol

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and albuterol both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfentanil

  Monitor Closely (1)alfentanil increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• alfuzosin

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and alfuzosin both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alprazolam

  Monitor Closely (1)alprazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• amiloride

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of amiloride by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• amiodarone

  Monitor Closely (1)amiodarone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amiodarone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amisulpride

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amisulpride both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  amisulpride and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• amitriptyline

  Monitor Closely (1)amitriptyline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amitriptyline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amobarbital

  Monitor Closely (2)amobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  amobarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• amoxapine

  Monitor Closely (1)amoxapine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and amoxapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• amphetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)amphetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• amphetamine polistirex

  Monitor Closely (1)amphetamine polistirex, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• anagrelide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and anagrelide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• apalutamide

  Monitor Closely (1)apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Apalutamide induces UGT and may decrease systemic exposure of drugs that are UGT substrates.Serious - Use Alternative (1)apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of apalutamide, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates can result in lower exposure to these medications. Avoid or substitute another drug for these medications when possible. Evaluate for loss of therapeutic effect if medication must be coadministered. Adjust dose according to prescribing information if needed.

• apomorphine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and apomorphine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aprepitant

  Monitor Closely (1)aprepitant will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• arbaclofen

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of arbaclofen by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• arformoterol

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and arformoterol both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aripiprazole

  Monitor Closely (1)aripiprazole increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and aripiprazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• armodafinil

  Monitor Closely (1)armodafinil will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• arsenic trioxide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and arsenic trioxide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• artemether

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and artemether both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• artemether/lumefantrine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and artemether/lumefantrine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• asenapine

  Monitor Closely (1)asenapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (2)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and asenapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  asenapine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• asenapine transdermal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)asenapine transdermal and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• atazanavir

  Monitor Closely (1)atazanavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• atomoxetine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and atomoxetine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• atracurium

  Monitor Closely (1)atracurium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• atropine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of atropine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• avapritinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)avapritinib and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• azithromycin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and azithromycin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• baclofen

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of baclofen by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• bedaquiline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and bedaquiline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• belzutifan

  Monitor Closely (1)belzutifan will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If unable to avoid coadministration of belzutifan with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates, consider increasing the sensitive CYP3A4 substrate dose in accordance with its prescribing information.

• bendroflumethiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of bendroflumethiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Mixed opioid agonists/antagonists and partial opioid agonists may reduce the analgesic effect of hydrocodone (benzhydrocodone prodrug of hydrocodone) and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms in opioid tolerant patients.
  
  benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• bicalutamide

  Monitor Closely (1)bicalutamide will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• bosentan

  Monitor Closely (1)bosentan will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• brexanolone

  Monitor Closely (1)brexanolone, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• brexpiprazole

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)brexpiprazole and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• brimonidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)brimonidine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• brivaracetam

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)brivaracetam and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• bumetanide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• buprenorphine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• buprenorphine subdermal implant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine subdermal implant and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limit use to patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate

• buprenorphine transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine transdermal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• buspirone

  Monitor Closely (1)buspirone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• butabarbital

  Monitor Closely (2)butabarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  butabarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• butalbital

  Monitor Closely (2)butalbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  butalbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• butorphanol

  Monitor Closely (1)butorphanol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• carbamazepine

  Monitor Closely (1)carbamazepine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• cariprazine

  Monitor Closely (1)cariprazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• carisoprodol

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of carisoprodol by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• cenobamate

  Monitor Closely (2)cenobamate, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  cenobamate will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increase dose of CYP3A4 substrate, as needed, when coadministered with cenobamate.

• ceritinib

  Monitor Closely (1)ceritinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ceritinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• chloral hydrate

  Monitor Closely (1)chloral hydrate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• chlordiazepoxide

  Monitor Closely (1)chlordiazepoxide increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• chloroquine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and chloroquine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• chlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of chlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• chlorpromazine

  Monitor Closely (1)chlorpromazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and chlorpromazine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• chlorthalidone

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of chlorthalidone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• chlorzoxazone

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of chlorzoxazone by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• ciprofloxacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ciprofloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cisatracurium

  Monitor Closely (1)cisatracurium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• citalopram

  Monitor Closely (1)citalopram, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and citalopram both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clarithromycin

  Monitor Closely (1)clarithromycin will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and clarithromycin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clobazam

  Monitor Closely (1)clobazam will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• clomipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)clomipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and clomipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clonazepam

  Monitor Closely (1)clonazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• clonidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)clonidine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration enhances CNS depressant effects.

• clorazepate

  Monitor Closely (1)clorazepate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• clozapine

  Monitor Closely (1)clozapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and clozapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cobicistat

  Monitor Closely (1)cobicistat will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• codeine

  Monitor Closely (1)codeine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• conivaptan

  Monitor Closely (1)conivaptan will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• crizotinib

  Monitor Closely (1)crizotinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and crizotinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cyclobenzaprine

  Monitor Closely (2)cyclobenzaprine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of cyclobenzaprine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• cyclosporine

  Monitor Closely (1)cyclosporine will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• dabrafenib

  Monitor Closely (1)dabrafenib will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• dantrolene

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of dantrolene by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• daridorexant

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and daridorexant both increase sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

• darunavir

  Monitor Closely (1)darunavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• dasatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dasatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• degarelix

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and degarelix both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desflurane

  Monitor Closely (1)desflurane increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and desflurane both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)desipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and desipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desvenlafaxine

  Monitor Closely (1)desvenlafaxine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• deutetrabenazine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and deutetrabenazine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dexamethasone

  Monitor Closely (1)dexamethasone will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• dexmedetomidine

  Monitor Closely (1)dexmedetomidine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• dexmethylphenidate

  Monitor Closely (1)dexmethylphenidate, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• dextroamphetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)dextroamphetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• diazepam

  Monitor Closely (2)diazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of diazepam by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• diazepam intranasal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)diazepam intranasal, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result if coadministered. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Monitor closely for signs of respiratory depression and sedation.

• dicyclomine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of dicyclomine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• diethylpropion

  Monitor Closely (1)diethylpropion, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• diltiazem

  Monitor Closely (1)diltiazem will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• disopyramide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and disopyramide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dofetilide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dofetilide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dolasetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dolasetron both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• donepezil

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and donepezil both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• doxepin

  Monitor Closely (1)doxepin, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and doxepin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• doxycycline

  Monitor Closely (1)doxycycline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• doxylamine

  Monitor Closely (1)doxylamine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• dronedarone

  Contraindicated (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and dronedarone both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)dronedarone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• duloxetine

  Monitor Closely (1)duloxetine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• efavirenz

  Monitor Closely (1)efavirenz will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and efavirenz both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• elagolix

  Monitor Closely (1)elagolix will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Elagolix is a weak-to-moderate CYP3A4 inducer. Monitor CYP3A substrates if coadministered. Consider increasing CYP3A substrate dose if needed.

• eliglustat

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and eliglustat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  Monitor Closely (1)elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• encorafenib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and encorafenib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• entrectinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and entrectinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• enzalutamide

  Monitor Closely (1)enzalutamide will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• eribulin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and eribulin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin base

  Monitor Closely (1)erythromycin base will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin base both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin ethylsuccinate

  Monitor Closely (1)erythromycin ethylsuccinate will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin ethylsuccinate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin lactobionate

  Monitor Closely (1)erythromycin lactobionate will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin lactobionate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• erythromycin stearate

  Monitor Closely (1)erythromycin stearate will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and erythromycin stearate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• escitalopram

  Monitor Closely (1)escitalopram, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and escitalopram both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• eslicarbazepine acetate

  Monitor Closely (1)eslicarbazepine acetate will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• estazolam

  Monitor Closely (1)estazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• eszopiclone

  Monitor Closely (1)eszopiclone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ethacrynic acid

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of ethacrynic acid by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• ethanol

  Monitor Closely (1)ethanol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• etomidate

  Monitor Closely (1)etomidate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• etravirine

  Monitor Closely (1)etravirine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fentanyl

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fentanyl intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl intranasal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fentanyl transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl transdermal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fentanyl transmucosal

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl transmucosal increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fexinidazole

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)fexinidazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Fexinidazole inhibits CYP3A4. Coadministration may increase risk for adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fexinidazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fezolinetant

  Contraindicated (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection will increase the level or effect of fezolinetant by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism. Contraindicated. Fezolinetant AUC and peak plasma concentration are increased if coadministered with drugs that are weak, moderate, or strong CYP1A2 inhibitors

• fingolimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fingolimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• flecainide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and flecainide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluconazole

  Contraindicated (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluconazole both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)fluconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fluoxetine

  Monitor Closely (1)fluoxetine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluoxetine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fluphenazine

  Monitor Closely (2)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluphenazine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  fluphenazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• flurazepam

  Monitor Closely (1)flurazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• fluvoxamine

  Monitor Closely (1)fluvoxamine and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. If concomitant use warranted, carefully observe patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome suspectedSerious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fluvoxamine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fosamprenavir

  Monitor Closely (1)fosamprenavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fosaprepitant

  Monitor Closely (1)fosaprepitant will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• foscarnet

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and foscarnet both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fosphenytoin

  Monitor Closely (1)fosphenytoin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• fostemsavir

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and fostemsavir both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• furosemide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of furosemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• gabapentin

  Monitor Closely (1)gabapentin, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

• gabapentin enacarbil

  Monitor Closely (1)gabapentin enacarbil, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

• ganaxolone

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ganaxolone both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gemifloxacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and gemifloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• gemtuzumab

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and gemtuzumab both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• gilteritinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and gilteritinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• glasdegib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and glasdegib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• glycopyrrolate

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of glycopyrrolate by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• goserelin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and goserelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• granisetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and granisetron both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• grapefruit

  Monitor Closely (1)grapefruit will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• haloperidol

  Monitor Closely (2)haloperidol will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  haloperidol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and haloperidol both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• histrelin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and histrelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• hydrocodone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of hydrocodone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Mixed opioid agonists/antagonists and partial opioid agonists may reduce the analgesic effect of hydrocodone and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms in opioid tolerant patients. .

• hydromorphone

  Monitor Closely (1)hydromorphone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• hydroxychloroquine sulfate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and hydroxychloroquine sulfate both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• hydroxyzine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and hydroxyzine both increase QTc interval. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. If coadministration necessary, consider consider dose reduction of one or both drugs due to potential for additive pharmacological effects

• hyoscyamine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of hyoscyamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• hyoscyamine spray

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of hyoscyamine spray by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• ibutilide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ibutilide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• idelalisib

  Monitor Closely (1)idelalisib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• iloperidone

  Monitor Closely (2)iloperidone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  iloperidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and iloperidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• imatinib

  Monitor Closely (1)imatinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• imipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)imipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and imipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• indapamide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of indapamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• indinavir

  Monitor Closely (1)indinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• inotuzumab

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and inotuzumab both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• isocarboxazid

  Monitor Closely (1)isocarboxazid, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• isoflurane

  Monitor Closely (1)isoflurane increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and isoflurane both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• isoniazid

  Monitor Closely (1)isoniazid will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• istradefylline

  Monitor Closely (1)istradefylline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Istradefylline 40 mg/day increased peak levels and AUC of CYP3A4 substrates in clinical trials. This effect was not observed with istradefylline 20 mg/day. Consider dose reduction of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates.

• itraconazole

  Monitor Closely (1)itraconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and itraconazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ivosidenib

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)ivosidenib will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with ivosidenib or replace with alternate therapies. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor patients for loss of therapeutic effect of these drugs.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ivosidenib both decrease QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ketamine

  Monitor Closely (1)ketamine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ketoconazole

  Monitor Closely (1)ketoconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• lapatinib

  Monitor Closely (1)lapatinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lapatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lasmiditan

  Monitor Closely (1)lasmiditan, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of lasmiditan and other CNS depressant drugs, including alcohol have not been evaluated in clinical studies. Lasmiditan may cause sedation, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions.

• lefamulin

  Contraindicated (1)lefamulin will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated. Lefamulin is contraindicated with CYP3A substrates know to prolong the QT interval.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lefamulin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lemborexant

  Monitor Closely (1)lemborexant, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by sedation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Dosage adjustment may be necessary if lemborexant is coadministered with other CNS depressants because of potentially additive effects.

• lenacapavir

  Monitor Closely (1)lenacapavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. When initiating buprenorphine while on lenacapavir, use lowest feasible initial or maintenance dose of buprenorphine and carefully titrate dose to desired effect. When initiating lenacapavir while taking buprenorphine, consider adjusting dose for buprenorphine. Monitor clinical signs and symptoms.

• lenvatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lenvatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• leuprolide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and leuprolide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• levofloxacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and levofloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• levoketoconazole

  Monitor Closely (1)levoketoconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• levomilnacipran

  Monitor Closely (1)levomilnacipran, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• levorphanol

  Monitor Closely (1)levorphanol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• linezolid

  Monitor Closely (1)linezolid, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• lisdexamfetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)lisdexamfetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• lithium

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lithium both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lofexidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lofexidine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lonafarnib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)lonafarnib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP3A substrates. If coadministration unavoidable, monitor for adverse reactions and reduce CYP3A substrate dose in accordance with product labeling.

• loperamide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and loperamide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lopinavir

  Monitor Closely (1)lopinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and lopinavir both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lorazepam

  Monitor Closely (1)lorazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• loxapine

  Monitor Closely (1)loxapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• loxapine inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)loxapine inhaled increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• lumacaftor/ivacaftor

  Monitor Closely (1)lumacaftor/ivacaftor will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• lurasidone

  Monitor Closely (1)lurasidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• macimorelin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and macimorelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• maprotiline

  Monitor Closely (2)maprotiline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and maprotiline both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mefloquine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mefloquine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• meperidine

  Monitor Closely (1)meperidine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• meprobamate

  Monitor Closely (1)meprobamate increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• metaxalone

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of metaxalone by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• methadone

  Monitor Closely (1)methadone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and methadone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• methamphetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)methamphetamine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• methocarbamol

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of methocarbamol by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• methohexital

  Monitor Closely (1)methohexital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• methscopolamine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of methscopolamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• methyclothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of methyclothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• methylene blue

  Monitor Closely (1)methylene blue, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• metoclopramide intranasal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection, metoclopramide intranasal. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Avoid use of metoclopramide intranasal or interacting drug, depending on importance of drug to patient.

• metolazone

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of metolazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• metronidazole

  Monitor Closely (1)metronidazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• midazolam

  Monitor Closely (1)midazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• midazolam intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)midazolam intranasal, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.

• midostaurin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and midostaurin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mifepristone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mifepristone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• milnacipran

  Monitor Closely (1)milnacipran, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• mirtazapine

  Monitor Closely (1)mirtazapine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mirtazapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• mitotane

  Monitor Closely (1)mitotane will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• mobocertinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and mobocertinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• molindone

  Monitor Closely (1)molindone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• morphine

  Monitor Closely (1)morphine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• moxifloxacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and moxifloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nafcillin

  Monitor Closely (1)nafcillin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nalbuphine

  Monitor Closely (1)nalbuphine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• nefazodone

  Monitor Closely (2)nefazodone, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  nefazodone will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nelfinavir

  Monitor Closely (1)nelfinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2E1 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• netupitant/palonosetron

  Monitor Closely (1)netupitant/palonosetron will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nevirapine

  Monitor Closely (1)nevirapine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nicardipine

  Monitor Closely (1)nicardipine will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• nilotinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and nilotinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nortriptyline

  Monitor Closely (1)nortriptyline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and nortriptyline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• octreotide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and octreotide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ofloxacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ofloxacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• olanzapine

  Monitor Closely (1)olanzapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and olanzapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Limited data, including some case reports, suggest that olanzapine may be associated with a significant prolongation of the QTc interval in rare instances

• oliceridine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection, oliceridine. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Concomitant use may reduce analgesic effect of oliceridine and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms.

• olopatadine intranasal

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and olopatadine intranasal both increase sedation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration increases risk of CNS depression, which can lead to additive impairment of psychomotor performance and cause daytime impairment.

• ondansetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ondansetron both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• orphenadrine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of orphenadrine by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Buprenorphine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and increase risk for respiratory depression. Monitor for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected and decrease muscle relaxant dosage as necessary.

• osilodrostat

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and osilodrostat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dose dependent QT prolongation - avoid drugs known to prolong the QT interval

• osimertinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and osimertinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• oxaliplatin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and oxaliplatin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• oxazepam

  Monitor Closely (1)oxazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• oxcarbazepine

  Monitor Closely (1)oxcarbazepine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• oxycodone

  Monitor Closely (1)oxycodone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• oxymorphone

  Monitor Closely (1)oxymorphone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ozanimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)ozanimod and buprenorphine, long-acting injection both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Therefore, coadministration of ozanimod with drugs that can increase norepinephrine or serotonin is not recommended. Monitor for hypertension with concomitant use.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ozanimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• paliperidone

  Monitor Closely (1)paliperidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and paliperidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pancuronium

  Monitor Closely (1)pancuronium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• panobinostat

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and panobinostat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• paroxetine

  Monitor Closely (2)paroxetine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and paroxetine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pasireotide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pasireotide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pazopanib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pazopanib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pentamidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pentamidine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pentazocine

  Monitor Closely (1)pentazocine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• pentobarbital

  Monitor Closely (2)pentobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  pentobarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• perphenazine

  Monitor Closely (2)perphenazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and perphenazine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• phendimetrazine

  Monitor Closely (1)phendimetrazine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• phenelzine

  Monitor Closely (1)phenelzine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• phenobarbital

  Monitor Closely (1)phenobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• phenytoin

  Monitor Closely (1)phenytoin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• pimavanserin

  Monitor Closely (1)pimavanserin increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pimavanserin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pimozide

  Monitor Closely (1)pimozide increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pimozide both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.

• pitolisant

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and pitolisant both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ponesimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ponesimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• posaconazole

  Contraindicated (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and posaconazole both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)posaconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• pregabalin

  Monitor Closely (1)pregabalin, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of CNS depressants can result in serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression. Use lowest dose possible and monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

• primaquine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and primaquine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• primidone

  Monitor Closely (1)primidone will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• procainamide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and procainamide both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• prochlorperazine

  Monitor Closely (2)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and prochlorperazine both decrease QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  prochlorperazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• promethazine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and promethazine both decrease QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• propafenone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and propafenone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• propantheline

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection increases effects of propantheline by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of buprenorphine with anticholinergic drugs may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus.

• propofol

  Monitor Closely (1)propofol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• protriptyline

  Monitor Closely (1)protriptyline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and protriptyline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quazepam

  Monitor Closely (1)quazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• quetiapine

  Monitor Closely (1)quetiapine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and quetiapine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and quinidine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and quinine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinupristin/dalfopristin

  Monitor Closely (1)quinupristin/dalfopristin will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• ramelteon

  Monitor Closely (1)ramelteon increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ranolazine

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ranolazine both increase QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rasagiline

  Monitor Closely (1)rasagiline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• remifentanil

  Monitor Closely (1)remifentanil increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ribociclib

  Monitor Closely (1)ribociclib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ribociclib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• rifabutin

  Monitor Closely (1)rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rifampin

  Monitor Closely (1)rifampin will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rifapentine

  Monitor Closely (1)rifapentine will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rilpivirine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and rilpivirine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• risperidone

  Monitor Closely (1)risperidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and risperidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ritonavir

  Monitor Closely (1)ritonavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• rocuronium

  Monitor Closely (1)rocuronium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• romidepsin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and romidepsin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• rucaparib

  Monitor Closely (1)rucaparib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Adjust dosage of CYP3A4 substrates, if clinically indicated.

• safinamide

  Monitor Closely (1)safinamide, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• saquinavir

  Monitor Closely (1)saquinavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and saquinavir both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• schisandra

  Monitor Closely (1)schisandra will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• secobarbital

  Monitor Closely (2)secobarbital will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.
  
  secobarbital increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• selegiline

  Monitor Closely (1)selegiline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• selegiline transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)selegiline transdermal, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• selinexor

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)selinexor, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Patients treated with selinexor may experience neurological toxicities. Avoid taking selinexor with other medications that may cause dizziness or confusion.

• selpercatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and selpercatinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate

  Monitor Closely (1)serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

• sertraline

  Monitor Closely (2)sertraline, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
  
  sertraline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sertraline both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sevoflurane

  Monitor Closely (1)sevoflurane increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sevoflurane both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• siponimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and siponimod both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• solifenacin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and solifenacin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sorafenib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sorafenib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• sotalol

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sotalol both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• spironolactone

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of spironolactone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• St John's Wort

  Monitor Closely (1)St John's Wort will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• stiripentol

  Monitor Closely (1)stiripentol, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Stiripentol is a CYP3A4 inhibitor and inducer. Monitor CYP3A4 substrates coadministered with stiripentol for increased or decreased effects. CYP3A4 substrates may require dosage adjustment.

• succinylcholine

  Monitor Closely (1)succinylcholine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• sufentanil

  Monitor Closely (1)sufentanil increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• sufentanil SL

  Monitor Closely (1)sufentanil SL increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of sufentanil SL by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of opioid mixed agonist/antagonist or partial agonist may reduce sufentail SL analgesic effect and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms.

• sunitinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and sunitinib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• suvorexant

  Monitor Closely (1)suvorexant increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tacrolimus

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and tacrolimus both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tapentadol

  Monitor Closely (1)tapentadol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tasimelteon

  Monitor Closely (1)tasimelteon increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tazemetostat

  Monitor Closely (1)tazemetostat will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tecovirimat

  Monitor Closely (1)tecovirimat will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Tecovirimat is a weak CYP3A4 inducer. Monitor sensitive CYP3A4 substrates for effectiveness if coadministered.

• telavancin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and telavancin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• telotristat ethyl

  Monitor Closely (1)telotristat ethyl will decrease the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inducers should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. If the buprenorphine dose is inadequate and the CYP3A4 inducer cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• temazepam

  Monitor Closely (1)temazepam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tetrabenazine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and tetrabenazine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tetracycline

  Monitor Closely (1)tetracycline will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• thioridazine

  Contraindicated (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and thioridazine both increase QTc interval. Contraindicated.Monitor Closely (1)thioridazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• thiothixene

  Monitor Closely (1)thiothixene increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tipranavir

  Monitor Closely (1)tipranavir will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• toremifene

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and toremifene both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• torsemide

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of torsemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• tramadol

  Monitor Closely (1)tramadol increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• tranylcypromine

  Monitor Closely (1)tranylcypromine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (eg, respiratory depression, coma). Buprenorphine long-acting injection is not recommended for patients taking MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

• trazodone

  Monitor Closely (1)trazodone, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and trazodone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triamterene

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of triamterene by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• triazolam

  Monitor Closely (1)triazolam increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• triclabendazole

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and triclabendazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• trifluoperazine

  Monitor Closely (2)trifluoperazine increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.
  
  buprenorphine, long-acting injection and trifluoperazine both decrease QTc interval. Use Caution/Monitor.

• trimipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)trimipramine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and trimipramine both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• triptorelin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and triptorelin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tucatinib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)tucatinib will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid concomitant use of tucatinib with CYP3A substrates, where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. If unavoidable, reduce CYP3A substrate dose according to product labeling.

• vandetanib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vandetanib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vardenafil

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vardenafil both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vecuronium

  Monitor Closely (1)vecuronium increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• vemurafenib

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vemurafenib both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• venlafaxine

  Monitor Closely (1)venlafaxine, buprenorphine, long-acting injection. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use could result in life-threatening serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation, and during dose adjustment of the serotonergic drug. Discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and venlafaxine both decrease QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• verapamil

  Monitor Closely (1)verapamil will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.

• voclosporin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and voclosporin both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voriconazole

  Monitor Closely (1)voriconazole will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Patients who transfer to buprenorphine long-acting injection from transmucosal buprenorphine coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors should be monitored to ensure buprenorphine plasma levels are adequate. Within 2 weeks, if signs and symptoms of buprenorphine toxicity or overdose occur and the concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be reduced or discontinued, transition the patient back to a buprenorphine formulation that permits dose adjustments.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and voriconazole both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• vorinostat

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and vorinostat both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• voxelotor

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)voxelotor will increase the level or effect of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Voxelotor increases systemic exposure of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates. Avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index. Consider dose reduction of the sensitive CYP3A4 substrate(s) if unable to avoid.

• zaleplon

  Monitor Closely (1)zaleplon increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.

• ziprasidone

  Monitor Closely (1)ziprasidone increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.Serious - Use Alternative (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection and ziprasidone both increase QTc interval. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• zolpidem

  Monitor Closely (1)zolpidem increases toxicity of buprenorphine, long-acting injection by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants increases risk of adverse reactions including overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases. In some cases, monitoring at a higher level of care for tapering CNS depressants may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate.