Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
ophthalmic solution with preservative
- 1% glycerin
- 0.3% glycerin/1% propylene glycol
- 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol/0.6% povidone
- 1% polyvinyl alcohol/1% polyethylene glycol 400
- 1.25% povidone
- 0.4% polyethylene glycol 400/0.3% propylene glycol
- 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol
- 0.1% dextran 70/0.3% methylcellulose 2910
- 0.1% dextran 70/0.2% glycerin/0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2910
ophthalmic solution without preservative
- 0.1% dextran 70/0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2910
- 0.6% glycerin/0.6% propylene glycol
- 0.1% dextran 70/0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2910
- 0.4% polyethylene glycol 400/0.3% propylene glycol
- 1% polysorbate 80
ophthalmic ointment
- 94% white petrolatum/3% mineral oil/lanolin
- 85% white petrolatum/15% mineral oil
- white petrolatum/anhydrous liquid lanolin/mineral oil
- white petrolatum/mineral oil
- white petrolatum/light mineral oil
- 57.7% white petrolatum/31.9% mineral oil
- 55.5% white petrolatum/42.5% mineral oil/2% petrolatum/lanolin alcohol
- 56.8% white petrolatum/42.5% mineral oil/chlorobutanol/lanolin alcohols
- 56.8% white petrolatum/41.5% mineral oil/lanolin alcohols/sodium chloride
- 83% white petrolatum/15% mineral oil
- 80% white petrolatum/20% mineral oil
- 15% mineral oil/85% white petrolatum
ophthalmic emulsion
- 0.5% light mineral oil/0.5% mineral oil
ophthalmic gel
- 0.3% hypromellose/phosphoric acid/sodium hydroxide/sodium perborate
- 1.5% carboxymethylcellullose/0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone
- 0.25% PEG 400/boric acid/potassium chloride/sodium borate/sodium chlorite/sodium hyaluronate
ophthalmic spray solution
- retinyl palmitate/tocopheryl acetate/magenesium ascorbyl phosphate/polysorbate 80/sodium chloride/sodium hydroxide/phenoxyethanol/alcohol/disodium EDTA/PEG-12/glyceryl
Relief of Dry Eyes
Solution: Instill 1-2 gtt into eye(s) as necessary to relieve symptoms
Ointment: Pull down lid of affected eye and apply 0.25 in of ointment to the inside of the eyelid
Dosing Considerations
Formulations vary widely
Preservative-free formulations available
Some preparations have prolonged contact time and require less often dosing (CelluviscR)
Same as adult dosing
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Blurred vision
Eye pain
Headache
Itching/stinging
Redness in and around the eyes
Skin rash
Crusting of eyelids
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to product or components
Cautions
Benzalkonium chloride may be present in ophthalmic solutions and can be absorbed by contact lenses; contact lenses should be removed before applications
Hypersensitivity reactions, including delayed reactions, reported in response to the presence of polysorbate 80 (known as tweens) present in some solutions; use caution
Preservative-free formulations preferred in patients with severe dry eyes or that use multiple eye drops for chronic disease; discard content after a single use; do not reuse
Contact healthcare professional if eye pain, continued irritation or redness, or if changes in vision occur, or if condition persists or worsens for more than 72 hours; discard solution if becomes cloudy or changes color; avoid contamination by not touching tip of container to any surface
Some dosage forms may contain propylene glycol, which may be toxic in neonates, when administered in large amounts, topically, intravenously, or orally; use caution
Pregnancy & Lactation
Lactation: Compatible
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Protects and lubricates mucous membranes and relieves dryness and irritation
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Formulary
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