naproxen/sumatriptan (Rx)

Migraine Headache

Indicated for the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura

500mg/85mg PO, may repeat once after 2 hr, not to exceed 2 tablets/24 hr

Dosage Modifications

Hepatic impairment

• Mild-to-moderate: Reduce dose to 60 mg/10 mg
• Severe: Contraindicated

Renal impairment

• Mild (CrCl 60-89 mL/min) or moderate (CrCl 30-59 mL/min): No dose adjustment required; monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment, pre-existing kidney disease, or dehydration
• CrCl <30 mL/min: Not recommended

Migraine Headache

Indicated for the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura

<12 years: Safety and efficacy not established

≥12 years: Recommended dose is 1 tablet (60 mg/10 mg) PO per 24 hr prn; maximum dose is 1 tablet (500 mg/85 mg) per 24 hr

Dosing Considerations

Safety of treating an average of >2 migraine headaches in pediatric patients in a 30-day period has not been established

Contraindicated (14)

• almotriptan

  almotriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• bromocriptine

  bromocriptine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Vasoconstrictive effects of triptans and bromocriptine may be additive. Drugs should not be used within 24h of one another.

• cabergoline

  cabergoline, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• dihydroergotamine

  dihydroergotamine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  dihydroergotamine intranasal, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• eletriptan

  eletriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• ergoloid mesylates

  ergoloid mesylates, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• ergotamine

  ergotamine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• frovatriptan

  frovatriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• methylergonovine

  methylergonovine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• naratriptan

  naratriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• procarbazine

  sumatriptan and procarbazine both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Combination is contraindicated within 2 weeks of MAOI use.

• rizatriptan

  rizatriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• zolmitriptan

  sumatriptan, zolmitriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

Serious - Use Alternative (39)

• aminolevulinic acid oral

  aminolevulinic acid oral, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during perioperative period.

• aminolevulinic acid topical

  naproxen, aminolevulinic acid topical. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• apixaban

  naproxen and apixaban both decrease anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• benazepril

  naproxen, benazepril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• captopril

  naproxen, captopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• citalopram

  citalopram, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Combination may increase risk of serotonin syndrome. If concomitant treatment with citalopram and a triptan is clinically warranted, careful observation of the patient is advised, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases.

• cyclobenzaprine

  sumatriptan and cyclobenzaprine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• desvenlafaxine

  sumatriptan and desvenlafaxine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dolasetron

  dolasetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• enalapril

  naproxen, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• fosinopril

  naproxen, fosinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• granisetron

  granisetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ibuprofen

  ibuprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication
  
  ibuprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication
  
  ibuprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication

• ibuprofen IV

  ibuprofen IV will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. therapeutic duplication; increased risk of gastric ulceration
  
  ibuprofen IV and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication
  
  ibuprofen IV and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication

• isocarboxazid

  sumatriptan and isocarboxazid both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  isocarboxazid increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• ketorolac

  naproxen, ketorolac. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

• ketorolac intranasal

  naproxen, ketorolac intranasal. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

• linezolid

  sumatriptan and linezolid both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Linezolid may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If linezolid must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last linezolid dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.
  
  linezolid increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• lisinopril

  naproxen, lisinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• lorcaserin

  sumatriptan and lorcaserin both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• methotrexate

  naproxen increases levels of methotrexate by decreasing renal clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant administration of NSAIDs with high dose methotrexate has been reported to elevate and prolong serum methotrexate levels, resulting in deaths from severe hematologic and GI toxicity. NSAIDs may reduce tubular secretion of methotrexate and enhance toxicity.

• methyl aminolevulinate

  naproxen, methyl aminolevulinate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• methylene blue

  sumatriptan and methylene blue both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Methylene blue may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If methylene blue must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last methylene blue dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.

• moexipril

  naproxen, moexipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• netupitant/palonosetron

  netupitant/palonosetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ondansetron

  ondansetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ozanimod

  ozanimod increases toxicity of sumatriptan by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Therefore, coadministration of ozanimod with drugs that can increase norepinephrine or serotonin is not recommended. Monitor for hypertension with concomitant use.

• palonosetron

  palonosetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pemetrexed

  naproxen increases levels of pemetrexed by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Interrupt dosing in all patients taking NSAIDs with long elimination half-lives for at least 5d before, the day of, and 2d following pemetrexed administration. If coadministration of an NSAID is necessary, closely monitor patients for toxicity, especially myelosuppression, renal toxicity, and GI toxicity.

• perindopril

  naproxen, perindopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• phenelzine

  sumatriptan and phenelzine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  phenelzine increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• procarbazine

  procarbazine increases levels of sumatriptan by serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Concurrent use or use within 2 weeks of MAOI therapy is contraindicated. If procarbazine is required, naratriptan, eletriptan or frovatriptan may be a suitable 5-HT1D agonist to employ. Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin toxicity/serotonin syndrome during such therapy.

• quinapril

  naproxen, quinapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• ramipril

  naproxen, ramipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• rasagiline

  sumatriptan and rasagiline both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid combination within 14 days of MAOI use

• tacrolimus

  naproxen, tacrolimus. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Concomitant administration increases risk of nephrotoxicity.

• tedizolid

  tedizolid, sumatriptan. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. both increase serotonin levels; increased risk of serotonin syndrome.

• trandolapril

  naproxen, trandolapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• tranylcypromine

  sumatriptan and tranylcypromine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant use or use within 2 wks following the discontinuation of tranylcypromine is contraindicated.
  
  tranylcypromine increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

Monitor Closely (304)

• 5-HTP

  sumatriptan and 5-HTP both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• acebutolol

  acebutolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of acebutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aceclofenac

  aceclofenac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aceclofenac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• acemetacin

  acemetacin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acemetacin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• agrimony

  naproxen and agrimony both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• albuterol

  naproxen increases and albuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfalfa

  naproxen and alfalfa both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfuzosin

  naproxen decreases effects of alfuzosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aliskiren

  naproxen will decrease the level or effect of aliskiren by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, coadministration of NSAIDs with drugs that affect RAAS may increase the risk of renal impairment (including acute renal failure) and cause loss of antihypertensive effect. Monitor renal function periodically.

• almotriptan

  almotriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alteplase

  naproxen and alteplase both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased risk of bleeding, caution is advised.

• American ginseng

  naproxen and American ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amiloride

  amiloride and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• amitriptyline

  sumatriptan and amitriptyline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• amoxapine

  sumatriptan and amoxapine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• antithrombin alfa

  antithrombin alfa and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• antithrombin III

  antithrombin III and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• arformoterol

  naproxen increases and arformoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• argatroban

  argatroban and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aripiprazole

  sumatriptan, aripiprazole. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• asenapine

  sumatriptan, asenapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
  
  naproxen decreases effects of asenapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aspirin

  aspirin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

  benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• aspirin rectal

  aspirin rectal and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin rectal and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• atenolol

  atenolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of atenolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• azilsartan

  naproxen, azilsartan. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of azilsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

• bemiparin

  bemiparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• benazepril

  benazepril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• bendroflumethiazide

  naproxen increases and bendroflumethiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• betaxolol

  betaxolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of betaxolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• betrixaban

  naproxen, betrixaban. Either increases levels of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bimatoprost

  bimatoprost, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• bisoprolol

  bisoprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• bivalirudin

  bivalirudin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• budesonide

  naproxen, budesonide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• bumetanide

  naproxen increases and bumetanide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• buspirone

  sumatriptan and buspirone both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• candesartan

  candesartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of candesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  candesartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• captopril

  captopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• carbenoxolone

  naproxen increases and carbenoxolone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cariprazine

  sumatriptan, cariprazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• carvedilol

  carvedilol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of carvedilol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• celecoxib

  celecoxib and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  celecoxib and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• celiprolol

  celiprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of celiprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• chlorothiazide

  naproxen increases and chlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• chlorpropamide

  naproxen increases effects of chlorpropamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• chlorthalidone

  naproxen increases and chlorthalidone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  naproxen and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cinnamon

  naproxen and cinnamon both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ciprofloxacin

  naproxen, ciprofloxacin. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Mechanism: unknown. Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures with high doses of fluoroquinolones.

• citalopram

  citalopram, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. If possible, avoid concurrent use.

• clomipramine

  clomipramine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. Clomipramine inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and clomipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• clopidogrel

  clopidogrel, naproxen. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Clopidogrel and NSAIDs both inhibit platelet aggregation.

• clozapine

  sumatriptan, clozapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• cocaine topical

  sumatriptan and cocaine topical both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• cordyceps

  naproxen and cordyceps both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cortisone

  naproxen, cortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• cyclopenthiazide

  naproxen increases and cyclopenthiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cyclosporine

  naproxen, cyclosporine. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• cyproheptadine

  cyproheptadine decreases effects of sumatriptan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Cyproheptadine may diminish the serotonergic effect of serotonin agonists.

• dabigatran

  dabigatran and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution is advised, both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. Concomitant use may increase risk of bleeding.

• dalteparin

  dalteparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• deferasirox

  deferasirox, naproxen. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase GI bleeding, ulceration and irritation. Use with caution.

• defibrotide

  defibrotide increases effects of naproxen by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Defibrotide may enhance effects of platelet inhibitors.

• deflazacort

  naproxen, deflazacort. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• desipramine

  sumatriptan and desipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dexamethasone

  naproxen, dexamethasone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• dexfenfluramine

  sumatriptan and dexfenfluramine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dextroamphetamine

  sumatriptan and dextroamphetamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dextroamphetamine transdermal

  sumatriptan, dextroamphetamine transdermal. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Initiate with lower doses and monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine transdermal and concomitant serotonergic drug(s).

• dextromethorphan

  sumatriptan and dextromethorphan both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dichlorphenamide

  dichlorphenamide and naproxen both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diclofenac

  diclofenac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  diclofenac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diflunisal

  diflunisal and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  diflunisal and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• digoxin

  naproxen and digoxin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dihydroergotamine

  sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine intranasal both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dobutamine

  naproxen increases and dobutamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dong quai

  naproxen and dong quai both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dopexamine

  naproxen increases and dopexamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dosulepin

  sumatriptan and dosulepin both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• doxazosin

  naproxen decreases effects of doxazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• doxepin

  sumatriptan and doxepin both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• drospirenone

  drospirenone and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• droxidopa

  sumatriptan and droxidopa both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk for supine hypertension

• duloxetine

  duloxetine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and duloxetine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• edoxaban

  edoxaban, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding, monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss.

• eletriptan

  eletriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eltrombopag

  eltrombopag increases levels of naproxen by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. UGT inhibition; significance of interaction unclear.

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of emtricitabine and tenofovir with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• emtricitabine

  emtricitabine, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of emtricitabine with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• enalapril

  enalapril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• enoxaparin

  enoxaparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• ephedrine

  naproxen increases and ephedrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine

  naproxen increases and epinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine racemic

  naproxen increases and epinephrine racemic decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epoprostenol

  naproxen and epoprostenol both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eprosartan

  eprosartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of eprosartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  eprosartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• ergotamine

  sumatriptan and ergotamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• escitalopram

  escitalopram, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and escitalopram both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• esmolol

  esmolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of esmolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• fenfluramine

  sumatriptan and fenfluramine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  fenfluramine, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration with drugs that increase serotoninergic effects may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.

• ethacrynic acid

  naproxen increases and ethacrynic acid decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• etodolac

  etodolac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  etodolac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fennel

  naproxen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fenoprofen

  fenoprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  fenoprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• feverfew

  naproxen and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fish oil triglycerides

  fish oil triglycerides will increase the level or effect of naproxen by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Prolonged bleeding reported in patients taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants and oral omega-3 fatty acids. Periodically monitor bleeding time in patients receiving fish oil triglycerides and concomitant antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.

• fludrocortisone

  naproxen, fludrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• fluoxetine

  fluoxetine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and fluoxetine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• fluphenazine

  sumatriptan, fluphenazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• flurbiprofen

  flurbiprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  flurbiprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fluvoxamine

  fluvoxamine and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  fluvoxamine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• fondaparinux

  fondaparinux and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• frovatriptan

  frovatriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• formoterol

  naproxen increases and formoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• forskolin

  naproxen and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fosinopril

  fosinopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• furosemide

  naproxen increases and furosemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• garlic

  naproxen and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gemifloxacin

  gemifloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures with high doses of fluoroquinolones.

• gentamicin

  naproxen increases and gentamicin decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ginger

  naproxen and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ginkgo biloba

  naproxen and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• glimepiride

  naproxen increases effects of glimepiride by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• glipizide

  naproxen increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• glyburide

  naproxen increases effects of glyburide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• green tea

  green tea, naproxen. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase risk of bleeding.

• haloperidol

  sumatriptan, haloperidol. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• heparin

  heparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• horse chestnut seed

  naproxen and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• hydralazine

  naproxen decreases effects of hydralazine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  naproxen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• hydrocodone

  hydrocodone, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• hydrocortisone

  naproxen, hydrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• ibrutinib

  ibrutinib will increase the level or effect of naproxen by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Ibrutinib may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies and monitor for signs of bleeding.

• iloperidone

  sumatriptan, iloperidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• imatinib

  imatinib, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Imatinib may cause thrombocytopenia; bleeding risk increased when imatinib is coadministered with anticoagulants, NSAIDs, platelet inhibitors, and thrombolytic agents.

• imipramine

  sumatriptan and imipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• indapamide

  naproxen increases and indapamide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• indomethacin

  indomethacin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  indomethacin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• irbesartan

  irbesartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of irbesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  irbesartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• isoniazid

  sumatriptan and isoniazid both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• L-tryptophan

  sumatriptan and L-tryptophan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• isoproterenol

  naproxen increases and isoproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketoprofen

  ketoprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketoprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketorolac

  ketorolac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketorolac intranasal

  ketorolac intranasal and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac intranasal and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• labetalol

  labetalol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of labetalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• latanoprost

  latanoprost, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic

  latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• levalbuterol

  naproxen increases and levalbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levofloxacin

  levofloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Risk of CNS stimulation/seizure. Mechanism: Displacement of GABA from receptors in brain.

• levomilnacipran

  levomilnacipran, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. SNRIs may further impair platelet activity in patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
  
  sumatriptan and levomilnacipran both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• lisdexamfetamine

  sumatriptan and lisdexamfetamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lisinopril

  lisinopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• lithium

  sumatriptan and lithium both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen increases levels of lithium by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lofepramine

  sumatriptan and lofepramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• lornoxicam

  lornoxicam and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  lornoxicam and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• losartan

  losartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of losartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  losartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• loxapine

  sumatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• loxapine inhaled

  sumatriptan, loxapine inhaled. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• lsd

  sumatriptan and lsd both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lurasidone

  sumatriptan, lurasidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• maprotiline

  sumatriptan and maprotiline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• meclofenamate

  meclofenamate and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meclofenamate and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mefenamic acid

  mefenamic acid and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  mefenamic acid and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• melatonin

  melatonin increases effects of naproxen by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Melatonin may decrease prothrombin time.

• meloxicam

  meloxicam and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meloxicam and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• meperidine

  sumatriptan and meperidine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• mesalamine

  mesalamine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive nephrotoxicity.

• metaproterenol

  naproxen increases and metaproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• methyclothiazide

  naproxen increases and methyclothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

• methylprednisolone

  naproxen, methylprednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• metolazone

  naproxen increases and metolazone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• metoprolol

  metoprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of metoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• milnacipran

  milnacipran, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and milnacipran both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• mipomersen

  mipomersen, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Both drugs have potential to increase hepatic enzymes; monitor LFTs.

• mirtazapine

  sumatriptan and mirtazapine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mistletoe

  naproxen increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• moexipril

  moexipril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• molindone

  sumatriptan, molindone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• morphine

  sumatriptan and morphine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• moxifloxacin

  moxifloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures with high doses of fluoroquinolones.

• moxisylyte

  naproxen decreases effects of moxisylyte by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• mycophenolate

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of mycophenolate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nabumetone

  nabumetone and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nabumetone and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nadolol

  nadolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of nadolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• naratriptan

  naratriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nebivolol

  nebivolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of nebivolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• nefazodone

  sumatriptan and nefazodone both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  nefazodone, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• nettle

  naproxen increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nortriptyline

  sumatriptan and nortriptyline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• norepinephrine

  naproxen increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• olanzapine

  sumatriptan, olanzapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• oliceridine

  sumatriptan, oliceridine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• olmesartan

  olmesartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of olmesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  olmesartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• ospemifene

  naproxen, ospemifene. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• oxaprozin

  naproxen and oxaprozin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and oxaprozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paliperidone

  sumatriptan, paliperidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• panax ginseng

  naproxen and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  naproxen and parecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and parecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• paroxetine

  paroxetine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and paroxetine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• pau d'arco

  naproxen and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pentazocine

  sumatriptan and pentazocine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pegaspargase

  pegaspargase increases effects of naproxen by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of bleeding events.

• peginterferon alfa 2b

  peginterferon alfa 2b decreases levels of naproxen by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. When patients are administered peginterferon alpha-2b with CYP2C9 substrates, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be altered.

• penbutolol

  penbutolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of penbutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• perindopril

  perindopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• perphenazine

  sumatriptan, perphenazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• phenindione

  phenindione and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• phenoxybenzamine

  naproxen decreases effects of phenoxybenzamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phentolamine

  naproxen decreases effects of phentolamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phytoestrogens

  naproxen and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pimavanserin

  sumatriptan, pimavanserin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• pimozide

  sumatriptan, pimozide. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• pindolol

  pindolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of pindolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• pirbuterol

  naproxen increases and pirbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• piroxicam

  naproxen and piroxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and piroxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pivmecillinam

  pivmecillinam, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  pivmecillinam, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• potassium acid phosphate

  naproxen and potassium acid phosphate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium chloride

  naproxen and potassium chloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium citrate

  naproxen and potassium citrate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium iodide

  potassium iodide and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pralatrexate

  naproxen increases levels of pralatrexate by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs may delay pralatrexate clearance, increasing drug exposure. Adjust the pralatrexate dose as needed.

• prasugrel

  naproxen, prasugrel. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Chronic use of NSAIDs with prasugrel may increase bleeding risk.

• prazosin

  naproxen decreases effects of prazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• prednisolone

  naproxen, prednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• prednisone

  naproxen, prednisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• probenecid

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of probenecid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• propranolol

  propranolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of propranolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• protamine

  protamine and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• protriptyline

  sumatriptan and protriptyline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• quetiapine

  sumatriptan, quetiapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• quinapril

  quinapril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• ramipril

  ramipril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• reishi

  naproxen and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• remifentanil

  remifentanil increases toxicity of sumatriptan by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increases risk of serotonin syndrome.

• reteplase

  naproxen and reteplase both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased risk of bleeding, caution is advised.

• risperidone

  sumatriptan, risperidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• rivaroxaban

  rivaroxaban, naproxen. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: NSAIDs are known to increase bleeding. Bleeding risk may be increased when NSAIDs are used concomitantly with rivaroxaban. Monitor for signs/symptoms of blood loss.

• rivastigmine

  rivastigmine increases toxicity of naproxen by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor patients for symptoms of active or occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

• rizatriptan

  rizatriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• SAMe

  sumatriptan and SAMe both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  sacubitril/valsartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of sacubitril/valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  naproxen and salicylates (non-asa) both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and salicylates (non-asa) both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salmeterol

  naproxen increases and salmeterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salsalate

  naproxen and salsalate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and salsalate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• saw palmetto

  saw palmetto increases toxicity of naproxen by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk of bleeding.

• selegiline

  sumatriptan and selegiline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• selegiline transdermal

  sumatriptan and selegiline transdermal both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• sertraline

  sumatriptan and sertraline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  sertraline, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• Siberian ginseng

  naproxen and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• St John's Wort

  sumatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• silodosin

  naproxen decreases effects of silodosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid

  naproxen, sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May be associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of naproxen by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium chloride/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol

  naproxen, sodium sulfate/potassium chloride/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Caution when bowel preps are used with drugs that cause SIADH or NSAIDs; increased risk for water retention or electrolyte imbalance.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of naproxen by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sotalol

  sotalol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of sotalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• sparsentan

  naproxen and sparsentan both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of NSAIDS, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, may result in deterioration of kidney function (eg, possible kidney failure). Monitor for signs of worsening renal function with concomitant use with NSAIDs.

• spironolactone

  spironolactone and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• succinylcholine

  naproxen and succinylcholine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sufentanil SL

  sufentanil SL, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• sulfasalazine

  naproxen and sulfasalazine both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and sulfasalazine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sulindac

  naproxen and sulindac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and sulindac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tafluprost

  tafluprost, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• tapentadol

  sumatriptan and tapentadol both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• telmisartan

  telmisartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of telmisartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  telmisartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• temocillin

  temocillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  temocillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tenecteplase

  naproxen and tenecteplase both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased risk of bleeding, caution is advised.

• tenofovir DF

  tenofovir DF, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of tenofovir DF with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• terazosin

  naproxen decreases effects of terazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• terbutaline

  naproxen increases and terbutaline decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• thiothixene

  sumatriptan, thiothixene. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• ticarcillin

  ticarcillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ticarcillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• timolol

  timolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of timolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• tobramycin inhaled

  tobramycin inhaled and naproxen both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concurrent or sequential use to decrease risk for ototoxicity

• tolazamide

  naproxen increases effects of tolazamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• tolbutamide

  naproxen increases effects of tolbutamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• tolfenamic acid

  naproxen and tolfenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and tolfenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tolmetin

  naproxen and tolmetin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and tolmetin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tolvaptan

  naproxen and tolvaptan both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• torsemide

  naproxen increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tramadol

  sumatriptan and tramadol both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• trandolapril

  trandolapril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• travoprost ophthalmic

  travoprost ophthalmic, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• trazodone

  trazodone, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and trazodone both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  naproxen, triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of NSAIDS and corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. .

• trifluoperazine

  sumatriptan, trifluoperazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• triamterene

  triamterene and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• trimipramine

  sumatriptan and trimipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• valsartan

  valsartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  valsartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• venlafaxine

  venlafaxine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and venlafaxine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• vitamin K1 (phytonadione)

  naproxen increases and vitamin K1 (phytonadione) decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ziprasidone

  sumatriptan, ziprasidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• voclosporin

  voclosporin, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

• vorapaxar

  naproxen, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive antiplatelet effect may occur.

• vortioxetine

  naproxen, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• warfarin

  naproxen, warfarin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Drugs with antiplatelet properties may increase anticoagulation effect of warfarin.

• zanubrutinib

  naproxen, zanubrutinib. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Zanubrutinib-induced cytopenias increases risk of hemorrhage. Coadministration of zanubritinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase this risk.

• zolmitriptan

  sumatriptan and zolmitriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• zotepine

  naproxen decreases effects of zotepine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

Minor (82)

• aceclofenac

  aceclofenac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acemetacin

  acemetacin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acyclovir

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of acyclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• alendronate

  naproxen, alendronate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• amikacin

  naproxen increases levels of amikacin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• aminohippurate sodium

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of aminohippurate sodium by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• anamu

  naproxen and anamu both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin

  aspirin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin rectal

  aspirin rectal will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• balsalazide

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of balsalazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bendroflumethiazide

  bendroflumethiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefadroxil

  cefadroxil will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefamandole

  cefamandole will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefpirome

  cefpirome will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftibuten

  ceftibuten will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celecoxib

  celecoxib will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cephalexin

  cephalexin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorothiazide

  chlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorpropamide

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of chlorpropamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorthalidone

  chlorthalidone will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• creatine

  creatine, naproxen. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction) Combination may have additive nephrotoxic effects.

• cyclopenthiazide

  cyclopenthiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• danshen

  naproxen and danshen both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• devil's claw

  naproxen and devil's claw both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• diclofenac

  diclofenac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• diclofenac topical

  diclofenac topical, naproxen. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Although low, there is systemic exposure to diclofenac topical; theoretically, concomitant administration with systemic NSAIDS or aspirin may result in increased NSAID adverse effects.

• diflunisal

  diflunisal will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• duloxetine

  duloxetine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• eplerenone

  naproxen decreases effects of eplerenone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• escitalopram

  escitalopram, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• etodolac

  etodolac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenoprofen

  fenoprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• feverfew

  naproxen decreases effects of feverfew by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fluoxetine

  fluoxetine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• flurbiprofen

  flurbiprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• furosemide

  naproxen decreases effects of furosemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ganciclovir

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• gentamicin

  naproxen increases levels of gentamicin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• imidapril

  naproxen decreases effects of imidapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• indapamide

  indapamide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• indomethacin

  indomethacin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketoprofen

  ketoprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac

  ketorolac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac intranasal

  ketorolac intranasal will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• lornoxicam

  lornoxicam will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• meclofenamate

  meclofenamate will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mefenamic acid

  mefenamic acid will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• meloxicam

  meloxicam will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mesalamine

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of mesalamine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• methyclothiazide

  methyclothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metolazone

  metolazone will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• milnacipran

  milnacipran, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• nabumetone

  nabumetone will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nefazodone

  nefazodone, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• neomycin PO

  naproxen increases levels of neomycin PO by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• nitazoxanide

  nitazoxanide, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• noni juice

  naproxen and noni juice both increase serum potassium. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ofloxacin

  ofloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of CNS stimulation/seizure. Mechanism: Displacement of GABA from receptors in brain.

• oxaprozin

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of oxaprozin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• parecoxib

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of parecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• paromomycin

  naproxen increases levels of paromomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• paroxetine

  paroxetine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• piroxicam

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of piroxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• rose hips

  rose hips will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of salicylates (non-asa) by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salsalate

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of salsalate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sertraline

  sertraline, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• streptomycin

  naproxen increases levels of streptomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• sulfasalazine

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of sulfasalazine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulindac

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of sulindac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tobramycin

  naproxen increases levels of tobramycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• tolfenamic acid

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of tolfenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolmetin

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of tolmetin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• trazodone

  trazodone, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• triamterene

  triamterene, naproxen. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of acute renal failure. Mechanism: NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, which normally protect against nephrotoxicity.
  
  naproxen increases toxicity of triamterene by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, increasing the risk of nephrotoxicity.

• valganciclovir

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of valganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• vancomycin

  naproxen increases levels of vancomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in neonates.

• venlafaxine

  venlafaxine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• willow bark

  naproxen will increase the level or effect of willow bark by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• 5-HTP

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and 5-HTP both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• acebutolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of acebutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  acebutolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aceclofenac

  Monitor Closely (2)aceclofenac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aceclofenac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aceclofenac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acemetacin

  Monitor Closely (2)acemetacin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acemetacin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)acemetacin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acyclovir

  Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of acyclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• agrimony

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and agrimony both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• albuterol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and albuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alendronate

  Minor (1)naproxen, alendronate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• alfalfa

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and alfalfa both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alfuzosin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of alfuzosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aliskiren

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen will decrease the level or effect of aliskiren by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, coadministration of NSAIDs with drugs that affect RAAS may increase the risk of renal impairment (including acute renal failure) and cause loss of antihypertensive effect. Monitor renal function periodically.

• almotriptan

  Contraindicated (1)almotriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)almotriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• alteplase

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and alteplase both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased risk of bleeding, caution is advised.

• American ginseng

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and American ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amikacin

  Minor (1)naproxen increases levels of amikacin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• amiloride

  Monitor Closely (1)amiloride and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aminohippurate sodium

  Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of aminohippurate sodium by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aminolevulinic acid oral

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aminolevulinic acid oral, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during perioperative period.

• aminolevulinic acid topical

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, aminolevulinic acid topical. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• amitriptyline

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and amitriptyline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• amoxapine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and amoxapine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• anamu

  Minor (1)naproxen and anamu both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• antithrombin alfa

  Monitor Closely (1)antithrombin alfa and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• antithrombin III

  Monitor Closely (1)antithrombin III and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• apixaban

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen and apixaban both decrease anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• arformoterol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and arformoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• argatroban

  Monitor Closely (1)argatroban and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aripiprazole

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, aripiprazole. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• asenapine

  Monitor Closely (2)sumatriptan, asenapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).
  
  naproxen decreases effects of asenapine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aspirin

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin rectal

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin rectal and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin rectal and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin rectal will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  Monitor Closely (2)aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• atenolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of atenolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  atenolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• azilsartan

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen, azilsartan. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of azilsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

• balsalazide

  Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of balsalazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bemiparin

  Monitor Closely (1)bemiparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• benazepril

  Monitor Closely (1)benazepril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, benazepril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• bendroflumethiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and bendroflumethiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)bendroflumethiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen

  Monitor Closely (1)benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• betaxolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of betaxolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  betaxolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• betrixaban

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, betrixaban. Either increases levels of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bimatoprost

  Monitor Closely (1)bimatoprost, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• bisoprolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bivalirudin

  Monitor Closely (1)bivalirudin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• bromocriptine

  Contraindicated (1)bromocriptine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Vasoconstrictive effects of triptans and bromocriptine may be additive. Drugs should not be used within 24h of one another.

• budesonide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, budesonide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• bumetanide

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  naproxen increases and bumetanide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buspirone

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and buspirone both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• cabergoline

  Contraindicated (1)cabergoline, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• candesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)candesartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of candesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  candesartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• captopril

  Monitor Closely (1)captopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, captopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• carbenoxolone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and carbenoxolone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cariprazine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, cariprazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• carvedilol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of carvedilol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  carvedilol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cefadroxil

  Minor (1)cefadroxil will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefamandole

  Minor (1)cefamandole will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefpirome

  Minor (1)cefpirome will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftibuten

  Minor (1)ceftibuten will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celecoxib

  Monitor Closely (2)celecoxib and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  celecoxib and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)celecoxib will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celiprolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of celiprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  celiprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cephalexin

  Minor (1)cephalexin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and chlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)chlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorpropamide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases effects of chlorpropamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of chlorpropamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorthalidone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and chlorthalidone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)chlorthalidone will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cinnamon

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and cinnamon both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ciprofloxacin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, ciprofloxacin. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Mechanism: unknown. Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures with high doses of fluoroquinolones.

• citalopram

  Monitor Closely (1)citalopram, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. If possible, avoid concurrent use.Serious - Use Alternative (1)citalopram, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Combination may increase risk of serotonin syndrome. If concomitant treatment with citalopram and a triptan is clinically warranted, careful observation of the patient is advised, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases.

• clomipramine

  Monitor Closely (2)clomipramine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. Clomipramine inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and clomipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• clopidogrel

  Monitor Closely (1)clopidogrel, naproxen. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Clopidogrel and NSAIDs both inhibit platelet aggregation.

• clozapine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, clozapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• cocaine topical

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and cocaine topical both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• cordyceps

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and cordyceps both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, cortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• creatine

  Minor (1)creatine, naproxen. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction) Combination may have additive nephrotoxic effects.

• cyclobenzaprine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)sumatriptan and cyclobenzaprine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cyclopenthiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and cyclopenthiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)cyclopenthiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cyclosporine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, cyclosporine. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• cyproheptadine

  Monitor Closely (1)cyproheptadine decreases effects of sumatriptan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Cyproheptadine may diminish the serotonergic effect of serotonin agonists.

• dabigatran

  Monitor Closely (1)dabigatran and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Caution is advised, both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding. Concomitant use may increase risk of bleeding.

• dalteparin

  Monitor Closely (1)dalteparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• danshen

  Minor (1)naproxen and danshen both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• deferasirox

  Monitor Closely (1)deferasirox, naproxen. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase GI bleeding, ulceration and irritation. Use with caution.

• defibrotide

  Monitor Closely (1)defibrotide increases effects of naproxen by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Defibrotide may enhance effects of platelet inhibitors.

• deflazacort

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, deflazacort. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• desipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and desipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• desvenlafaxine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)sumatriptan and desvenlafaxine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• devil's claw

  Minor (1)naproxen and devil's claw both increase anticoagulation. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• dexamethasone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, dexamethasone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• dexfenfluramine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and dexfenfluramine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dextroamphetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and dextroamphetamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dextroamphetamine transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, dextroamphetamine transdermal. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Initiate with lower doses and monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine transdermal and concomitant serotonergic drug(s).

• dextromethorphan

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and dextromethorphan both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dichlorphenamide

  Monitor Closely (1)dichlorphenamide and naproxen both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diclofenac

  Monitor Closely (2)diclofenac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  diclofenac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)diclofenac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• diclofenac topical

  Minor (1)diclofenac topical, naproxen. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Although low, there is systemic exposure to diclofenac topical; theoretically, concomitant administration with systemic NSAIDS or aspirin may result in increased NSAID adverse effects.

• diflunisal

  Monitor Closely (2)diflunisal and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  diflunisal and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)diflunisal will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• digoxin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and digoxin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dihydroergotamine

  Contraindicated (1)dihydroergotamine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  Contraindicated (1)dihydroergotamine intranasal, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine intranasal both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dobutamine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and dobutamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dolasetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)dolasetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• dong quai

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and dong quai both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dopexamine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and dopexamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dosulepin

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and dosulepin both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• doxazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of doxazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• doxepin

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and doxepin both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• drospirenone

  Monitor Closely (1)drospirenone and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• droxidopa

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and droxidopa both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk for supine hypertension

• duloxetine

  Monitor Closely (2)duloxetine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and duloxetine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)duloxetine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• edoxaban

  Monitor Closely (1)edoxaban, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Both drugs have the potential to cause bleeding, monitor closely. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss.

• eletriptan

  Contraindicated (1)eletriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)eletriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eltrombopag

  Monitor Closely (1)eltrombopag increases levels of naproxen by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. UGT inhibition; significance of interaction unclear.

• elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

  Monitor Closely (1)elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of emtricitabine and tenofovir with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• emtricitabine

  Monitor Closely (1)emtricitabine, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of emtricitabine with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• enalapril

  Monitor Closely (1)enalapril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• enoxaparin

  Monitor Closely (1)enoxaparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• ephedrine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and ephedrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and epinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine racemic

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and epinephrine racemic decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eplerenone

  Minor (1)naproxen decreases effects of eplerenone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• epoprostenol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and epoprostenol both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eprosartan

  Monitor Closely (3)naproxen decreases effects of eprosartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  eprosartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  eprosartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

• ergoloid mesylates

  Contraindicated (1)ergoloid mesylates, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• ergotamine

  Contraindicated (1)ergotamine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and ergotamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• escitalopram

  Monitor Closely (2)escitalopram, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and escitalopram both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)escitalopram, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• esmolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of esmolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  esmolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ethacrynic acid

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and ethacrynic acid decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• etodolac

  Monitor Closely (2)etodolac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  etodolac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)etodolac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenfluramine

  Monitor Closely (2)fenfluramine, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration with drugs that increase serotoninergic effects may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
  
  sumatriptan and fenfluramine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fennel

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and fennel both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fenoprofen

  Monitor Closely (2)fenoprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  fenoprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)fenoprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• feverfew

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and feverfew both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen decreases effects of feverfew by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fish oil triglycerides

  Monitor Closely (1)fish oil triglycerides will increase the level or effect of naproxen by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Prolonged bleeding reported in patients taking antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants and oral omega-3 fatty acids. Periodically monitor bleeding time in patients receiving fish oil triglycerides and concomitant antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants.

• fludrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, fludrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• fluoxetine

  Monitor Closely (2)fluoxetine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and fluoxetine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)fluoxetine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• fluphenazine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, fluphenazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• flurbiprofen

  Monitor Closely (2)flurbiprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  flurbiprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)flurbiprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fluvoxamine

  Monitor Closely (2)fluvoxamine and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  fluvoxamine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.

• fondaparinux

  Monitor Closely (1)fondaparinux and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• formoterol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and formoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• forskolin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and forskolin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fosinopril

  Monitor Closely (1)fosinopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, fosinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• frovatriptan

  Contraindicated (1)frovatriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)frovatriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• furosemide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and furosemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen decreases effects of furosemide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ganciclovir

  Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• garlic

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and garlic both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gemifloxacin

  Monitor Closely (1)gemifloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures with high doses of fluoroquinolones.

• gentamicin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and gentamicin decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen increases levels of gentamicin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• ginger

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and ginger both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ginkgo biloba

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and ginkgo biloba both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• glimepiride

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases effects of glimepiride by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• glipizide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases effects of glipizide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• glyburide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases effects of glyburide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• granisetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)granisetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• green tea

  Monitor Closely (1)green tea, naproxen. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase risk of bleeding.

• haloperidol

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, haloperidol. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• heparin

  Monitor Closely (1)heparin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• horse chestnut seed

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and horse chestnut seed both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• hydralazine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of hydralazine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• hydrocodone

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrocodone, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• hydrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, hydrocortisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• ibrutinib

  Monitor Closely (1)ibrutinib will increase the level or effect of naproxen by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Ibrutinib may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies and monitor for signs of bleeding.

• ibuprofen

  Serious - Use Alternative (3)ibuprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication
  
  ibuprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication
  
  ibuprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication

• ibuprofen IV

  Serious - Use Alternative (3)ibuprofen IV will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. therapeutic duplication; increased risk of gastric ulceration
  
  ibuprofen IV and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication
  
  ibuprofen IV and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Therapeutic duplication

• iloperidone

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, iloperidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• imatinib

  Monitor Closely (1)imatinib, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Imatinib may cause thrombocytopenia; bleeding risk increased when imatinib is coadministered with anticoagulants, NSAIDs, platelet inhibitors, and thrombolytic agents.

• imidapril

  Minor (1)naproxen decreases effects of imidapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• imipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and imipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• indapamide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and indapamide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)indapamide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• indomethacin

  Monitor Closely (2)indomethacin and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  indomethacin and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)indomethacin will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• irbesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)irbesartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of irbesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  irbesartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• isocarboxazid

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)sumatriptan and isocarboxazid both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  isocarboxazid increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• isoniazid

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and isoniazid both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• isoproterenol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and isoproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketoprofen

  Monitor Closely (2)ketoprofen and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketoprofen and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)ketoprofen will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac

  Monitor Closely (2)ketorolac and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, ketorolac. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.Minor (1)ketorolac will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac intranasal

  Monitor Closely (2)ketorolac intranasal and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac intranasal and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, ketorolac intranasal. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.Minor (1)ketorolac intranasal will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• L-tryptophan

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and L-tryptophan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• labetalol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of labetalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  labetalol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• latanoprost

  Monitor Closely (1)latanoprost, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic

  Monitor Closely (1)latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• levalbuterol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and levalbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levofloxacin

  Monitor Closely (1)levofloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Risk of CNS stimulation/seizure. Mechanism: Displacement of GABA from receptors in brain.

• levomilnacipran

  Monitor Closely (2)levomilnacipran, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. SNRIs may further impair platelet activity in patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
  
  sumatriptan and levomilnacipran both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• linezolid

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)sumatriptan and linezolid both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Linezolid may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If linezolid must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last linezolid dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.
  
  linezolid increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• lisdexamfetamine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and lisdexamfetamine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lisinopril

  Monitor Closely (1)lisinopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, lisinopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• lithium

  Monitor Closely (2)sumatriptan and lithium both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen increases levels of lithium by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lofepramine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and lofepramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• lorcaserin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)sumatriptan and lorcaserin both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lornoxicam

  Monitor Closely (2)lornoxicam and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  lornoxicam and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)lornoxicam will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• losartan

  Monitor Closely (3)losartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of losartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  losartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• loxapine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, loxapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• loxapine inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, loxapine inhaled. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• lsd

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and lsd both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lurasidone

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, lurasidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• maprotiline

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and maprotiline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• meclofenamate

  Monitor Closely (2)meclofenamate and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meclofenamate and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)meclofenamate will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mefenamic acid

  Monitor Closely (2)mefenamic acid and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  mefenamic acid and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)mefenamic acid will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• melatonin

  Monitor Closely (1)melatonin increases effects of naproxen by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Melatonin may decrease prothrombin time.

• meloxicam

  Monitor Closely (2)meloxicam and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meloxicam and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)meloxicam will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• meperidine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and meperidine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• mesalamine

  Monitor Closely (1)mesalamine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive nephrotoxicity.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of mesalamine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metaproterenol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and metaproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• methotrexate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen increases levels of methotrexate by decreasing renal clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant administration of NSAIDs with high dose methotrexate has been reported to elevate and prolong serum methotrexate levels, resulting in deaths from severe hematologic and GI toxicity. NSAIDs may reduce tubular secretion of methotrexate and enhance toxicity.

• methyclothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and methyclothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .Minor (1)methyclothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• methyl aminolevulinate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, methyl aminolevulinate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• methylene blue

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)sumatriptan and methylene blue both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Methylene blue may increase serotonin as a result of MAO-A inhibition. If methylene blue must be administered, discontinue serotonergic drug immediately and monitor for CNS toxicity. Serotonergic therapy may be resumed 24 hours after last methylene blue dose or after 2 weeks of monitoring, whichever comes first.

• methylergonovine

  Contraindicated (1)methylergonovine, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.

• methylprednisolone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, methylprednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• metolazone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and metolazone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)metolazone will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metoprolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of metoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  metoprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• milnacipran

  Monitor Closely (2)milnacipran, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and milnacipran both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)milnacipran, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• mipomersen

  Monitor Closely (1)mipomersen, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Both drugs have potential to increase hepatic enzymes; monitor LFTs.

• mirtazapine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and mirtazapine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mistletoe

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and mistletoe decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• moexipril

  Monitor Closely (1)moexipril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, moexipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• molindone

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, molindone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• morphine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and morphine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• moxifloxacin

  Monitor Closely (1)moxifloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures with high doses of fluoroquinolones.

• moxisylyte

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of moxisylyte by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• mycophenolate

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of mycophenolate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nabumetone

  Monitor Closely (2)nabumetone and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nabumetone and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)nabumetone will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nadolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of nadolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  nadolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• naratriptan

  Contraindicated (1)naratriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)naratriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nebivolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of nebivolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  nebivolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nefazodone

  Monitor Closely (2)sumatriptan and nefazodone both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  nefazodone, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.Minor (1)nefazodone, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• neomycin PO

  Minor (1)naproxen increases levels of neomycin PO by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• nettle

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and nettle decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• netupitant/palonosetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)netupitant/palonosetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nitazoxanide

  Minor (1)nitazoxanide, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: plasma protein binding competition. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• noni juice

  Minor (1)naproxen and noni juice both increase serum potassium. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• norepinephrine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nortriptyline

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and nortriptyline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• ofloxacin

  Minor (1)ofloxacin, naproxen. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of CNS stimulation/seizure. Mechanism: Displacement of GABA from receptors in brain.

• olanzapine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, olanzapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• oliceridine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, oliceridine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• olmesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)olmesartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of olmesartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  olmesartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ondansetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)ondansetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ospemifene

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, ospemifene. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• oxaprozin

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and oxaprozin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and oxaprozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of oxaprozin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ozanimod

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)ozanimod increases toxicity of sumatriptan by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Therefore, coadministration of ozanimod with drugs that can increase norepinephrine or serotonin is not recommended. Monitor for hypertension with concomitant use.

• paliperidone

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, paliperidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• palonosetron

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)palonosetron, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• panax ginseng

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and panax ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and parecoxib both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and parecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of parecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• paromomycin

  Minor (1)naproxen increases levels of paromomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• paroxetine

  Monitor Closely (2)paroxetine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and paroxetine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)paroxetine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• pau d'arco

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and pau d'arco both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pegaspargase

  Monitor Closely (1)pegaspargase increases effects of naproxen by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of bleeding events.

• peginterferon alfa 2b

  Monitor Closely (1)peginterferon alfa 2b decreases levels of naproxen by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. When patients are administered peginterferon alpha-2b with CYP2C9 substrates, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be altered.

• pemetrexed

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen increases levels of pemetrexed by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Interrupt dosing in all patients taking NSAIDs with long elimination half-lives for at least 5d before, the day of, and 2d following pemetrexed administration. If coadministration of an NSAID is necessary, closely monitor patients for toxicity, especially myelosuppression, renal toxicity, and GI toxicity.

• penbutolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of penbutolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  penbutolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pentazocine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and pentazocine both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• perindopril

  Monitor Closely (1)perindopril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, perindopril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• perphenazine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, perphenazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• phenelzine

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)sumatriptan and phenelzine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.
  
  phenelzine increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• phenindione

  Monitor Closely (1)phenindione and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• phenoxybenzamine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of phenoxybenzamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phentolamine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of phentolamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• phytoestrogens

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and phytoestrogens both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pimavanserin

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, pimavanserin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• pimozide

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, pimozide. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• pindolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of pindolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  pindolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pirbuterol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and pirbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• piroxicam

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and piroxicam both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and piroxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of piroxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pivmecillinam

  Monitor Closely (2)pivmecillinam, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  pivmecillinam, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• potassium acid phosphate

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and potassium acid phosphate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium chloride

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and potassium chloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium citrate

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and potassium citrate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium iodide

  Monitor Closely (1)potassium iodide and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pralatrexate

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases levels of pralatrexate by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs may delay pralatrexate clearance, increasing drug exposure. Adjust the pralatrexate dose as needed.

• prasugrel

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, prasugrel. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Chronic use of NSAIDs with prasugrel may increase bleeding risk.

• prazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of prazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• prednisolone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, prednisolone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• prednisone

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, prednisone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of GI ulceration.

• probenecid

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of probenecid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• procarbazine

  Contraindicated (1)sumatriptan and procarbazine both increase serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Combination is contraindicated within 2 weeks of MAOI use.Serious - Use Alternative (1)procarbazine increases levels of sumatriptan by serotonin levels. Contraindicated. Concurrent use or use within 2 weeks of MAOI therapy is contraindicated. If procarbazine is required, naratriptan, eletriptan or frovatriptan may be a suitable 5-HT1D agonist to employ. Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin toxicity/serotonin syndrome during such therapy.

• propranolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of propranolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  propranolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• protamine

  Monitor Closely (1)protamine and naproxen both increase anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• protriptyline

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and protriptyline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• quetiapine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, quetiapine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• quinapril

  Monitor Closely (1)quinapril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, quinapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• ramipril

  Monitor Closely (1)ramipril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, ramipril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• rasagiline

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)sumatriptan and rasagiline both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid combination within 14 days of MAOI use

• reishi

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and reishi both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• remifentanil

  Monitor Closely (1)remifentanil increases toxicity of sumatriptan by serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increases risk of serotonin syndrome.

• reteplase

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and reteplase both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased risk of bleeding, caution is advised.

• risperidone

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, risperidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• rivaroxaban

  Monitor Closely (1)rivaroxaban, naproxen. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: NSAIDs are known to increase bleeding. Bleeding risk may be increased when NSAIDs are used concomitantly with rivaroxaban. Monitor for signs/symptoms of blood loss.

• rivastigmine

  Monitor Closely (1)rivastigmine increases toxicity of naproxen by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor patients for symptoms of active or occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

• rizatriptan

  Contraindicated (1)rizatriptan, sumatriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)rizatriptan and sumatriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• rose hips

  Minor (1)rose hips will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)sacubitril/valsartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of sacubitril/valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and salicylates (non-asa) both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and salicylates (non-asa) both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of salicylates (non-asa) by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salmeterol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and salmeterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salsalate

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and salsalate both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and salsalate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of salsalate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• SAMe

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and SAMe both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• saw palmetto

  Monitor Closely (1)saw palmetto increases toxicity of naproxen by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase risk of bleeding.

• selegiline

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and selegiline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• selegiline transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and selegiline transdermal both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• sertraline

  Monitor Closely (2)sumatriptan and sertraline both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  sertraline, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.Minor (1)sertraline, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• Siberian ginseng

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and Siberian ginseng both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.

• silodosin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of silodosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May be associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of naproxen by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium chloride/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, sodium sulfate/potassium chloride/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Caution when bowel preps are used with drugs that cause SIADH or NSAIDs; increased risk for water retention or electrolyte imbalance.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of naproxen by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sotalol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of sotalol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  sotalol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sparsentan

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and sparsentan both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of NSAIDS, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, may result in deterioration of kidney function (eg, possible kidney failure). Monitor for signs of worsening renal function with concomitant use with NSAIDs.

• spironolactone

  Monitor Closely (1)spironolactone and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• St John's Wort

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and St John's Wort both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• streptomycin

  Minor (1)naproxen increases levels of streptomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• succinylcholine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and succinylcholine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sufentanil SL

  Monitor Closely (1)sufentanil SL, sumatriptan. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system may result in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.

• sulfasalazine

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and sulfasalazine both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and sulfasalazine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of sulfasalazine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulindac

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and sulindac both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and sulindac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of sulindac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tacrolimus

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, tacrolimus. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Concomitant administration increases risk of nephrotoxicity.

• tafluprost

  Monitor Closely (1)tafluprost, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• tapentadol

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and tapentadol both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• tedizolid

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)tedizolid, sumatriptan. Either increases levels of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. both increase serotonin levels; increased risk of serotonin syndrome.

• telmisartan

  Monitor Closely (3)telmisartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of telmisartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  telmisartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• temocillin

  Monitor Closely (2)temocillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  temocillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tenecteplase

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and tenecteplase both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased risk of bleeding, caution is advised.

• tenofovir DF

  Monitor Closely (1)tenofovir DF, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Toxicity may result from coadministration of tenofovir DF with other drugs that are also primarily excreted by glomerular filtration and/or active tubular secretion including high-dose or multiple-dose NSAIDs; alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered.

• terazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of terazosin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• terbutaline

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and terbutaline decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• thiothixene

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, thiothixene. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• ticarcillin

  Monitor Closely (2)ticarcillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by plasma protein binding competition. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ticarcillin, naproxen. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• timolol

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen decreases effects of timolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  timolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tobramycin

  Minor (1)naproxen increases levels of tobramycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in preterm infants.

• tobramycin inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)tobramycin inhaled and naproxen both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concurrent or sequential use to decrease risk for ototoxicity

• tolazamide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases effects of tolazamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• tolbutamide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases effects of tolbutamide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypoglycemia.

• tolfenamic acid

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and tolfenamic acid both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and tolfenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of tolfenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolmetin

  Monitor Closely (2)naproxen and tolmetin both increase anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen and tolmetin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of tolmetin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolvaptan

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen and tolvaptan both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• torsemide

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tramadol

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and tramadol both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• trandolapril

  Monitor Closely (1)trandolapril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.Serious - Use Alternative (1)naproxen, trandolapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

• tranylcypromine

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)sumatriptan and tranylcypromine both increase serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant use or use within 2 wks following the discontinuation of tranylcypromine is contraindicated.
  
  tranylcypromine increases levels of sumatriptan by decreasing metabolism. Contraindicated.

• travoprost ophthalmic

  Monitor Closely (1)travoprost ophthalmic, naproxen. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. There are conflicting reports from studies of either increased or decreased IOP when ophthalmic prostaglandins are coadministered with NSAIDs (either systemic or ophthalmic).

• trazodone

  Monitor Closely (2)trazodone, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and trazodone both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)trazodone, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of NSAIDS and corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. .

• triamterene

  Monitor Closely (1)triamterene and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (2)triamterene, naproxen. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Risk of acute renal failure. Mechanism: NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, which normally protect against nephrotoxicity.
  
  naproxen increases toxicity of triamterene by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis, increasing the risk of nephrotoxicity.

• trifluoperazine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, trifluoperazine. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• trimipramine

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and trimipramine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• valganciclovir

  Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of valganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)valsartan, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of valsartan by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.
  
  valsartan and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• vancomycin

  Minor (1)naproxen increases levels of vancomycin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction mainly occurs in neonates.

• venlafaxine

  Monitor Closely (2)venlafaxine, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of upper GI bleeding. SSRIs inhib. serotonin uptake by platelets.
  
  sumatriptan and venlafaxine both increase serotonin levels. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)venlafaxine, sumatriptan. Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of weakness, dyspnea, chest pain.

• vilazodone

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)sumatriptan, vilazodone. Either increases toxicity of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Concomitant therapy should be discontinued immediately if signs or symptoms of serotonin syndrome emerge and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated. .

• vitamin K1 (phytonadione)

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen increases and vitamin K1 (phytonadione) decreases anticoagulation. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• voclosporin

  Monitor Closely (1)voclosporin, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

• vorapaxar

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, vorapaxar. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive antiplatelet effect may occur.

• vortioxetine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)sumatriptan, vortioxetine. Either increases effects of the other by serotonin levels. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• warfarin

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, warfarin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Drugs with antiplatelet properties may increase anticoagulation effect of warfarin.

• willow bark

  Minor (1)naproxen will increase the level or effect of willow bark by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• zanubrutinib

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen, zanubrutinib. Either increases effects of the other by anticoagulation. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Zanubrutinib-induced cytopenias increases risk of hemorrhage. Coadministration of zanubritinib with antiplatelets or anticoagulants may further increase this risk.

• ziprasidone

  Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan, ziprasidone. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serotonin modulators may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotics may enhance serotonergic effect of serotonin modulators, which may result in serotonin syndrome. Monitor for evidence of serotonin toxicity (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (eg, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction).

• zolmitriptan

  Contraindicated (1)sumatriptan, zolmitriptan. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Additive vasospasm. Sep. by 24h.Monitor Closely (1)sumatriptan and zolmitriptan both increase serotonin levels. Use Caution/Monitor.

• zotepine

  Monitor Closely (1)naproxen decreases effects of zotepine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.