lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Trizivir

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir

tablet

  • 150mg/300mg/300mg

HIV Infection

Indicated in combination with other antiretrovirals or alone for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in patients who weigh at least 40 kg

1 tablet PO q12hr

<40 kg: Not recommended

Dosage modification

Renal impairment CrCl <50 mL/min: Fixed dose tablet cannot be dose adjusted

Hepatic impairment

  • Mild: Fixed dose tablet cannot be dose adjusted
  • Mild or moderate: Contraindicated

Dosage Forms & Strengths

lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir

tablet

  • 150mg/300mg/300mg

HIV Infection

Indicated in combination with other antiretrovirals or alone for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection who weigh at least 40 kg

<40 kg: Not recommended

≥40 kg: 1 tablet PO q12hr

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment (CrCl <50 mL/min): Fixed dose tablet cannot be dose adjusted

Hepatic impairment

  • Mild: Fixed dose tablet cannot be dose adjusted
  • Mild or moderate: Contraindicated
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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir

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            Contraindicated (2)

            • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF

              zidovudine, elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir is a complete regimen for HIV and should not be administered with other antiretrovirals.

              lamivudine, elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir is a complete regimen for HIV and should not be administered with other antiretrovirals.

              abacavir, elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir is a complete regimen for HIV and should not be administered with other antiretrovirals.

            • emtricitabine

              emtricitabine and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Contraindicated. Coadministration of emtricitabine containing products and lamivudine containing products should be avoided. Combination will result in therapeutic duplication.

              emtricitabine, lamivudine. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Coadministration of emtricitabine containing products and lamivudine containing products should be avoided. Combination will result in therapeutic duplication.

            Serious - Use Alternative (18)

            • betibeglogene autotemcel

              abacavir, betibeglogene autotemcel. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Do not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before mobilization or expected duration for elimination of the medications, and until all cycles of apheresis are completed. Antiretroviral medications may interfere with manufacturing of apheresed cells.

              zidovudine, betibeglogene autotemcel. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Do not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before mobilization or expected duration for elimination of the medications, and until all cycles of apheresis are completed. Antiretroviral medications may interfere with manufacturing of apheresed cells.

              lamivudine, betibeglogene autotemcel. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Do not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before mobilization or expected duration for elimination of the medications, and until all cycles of apheresis are completed. Antiretroviral medications may interfere with manufacturing of apheresed cells.

            • cabotegravir

              abacavir, cabotegravir. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Cabotegravir plus rilpivirine is a complete regimen. Coadministration with other antiretroviral medications for treating HIV-1 infection is not recommended.

              zidovudine, cabotegravir. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Cabotegravir plus rilpivirine is a complete regimen. Coadministration with other antiretroviral medications for treating HIV-1 infection is not recommended.

              lamivudine, cabotegravir. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Cabotegravir plus rilpivirine is a complete regimen. Coadministration with other antiretroviral medications for treating HIV-1 infection is not recommended.

            • cidofovir

              cidofovir, zidovudine. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: When cidofovir is administered concurrently with probenecid, zidovudine clearance may be decreased. Reduce dose of zidovudine by 50% on days of cidofovir/probenecid administration. .

            • elivaldogene autotemcel

              elivaldogene autotemcel, abacavir. Either decreases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Patients should not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before initiating medications for stem cell mobilization, for the duration of the medications? elimination, and until all cycles of apheresis are completed.

            • elivaldogene autotemcel

              elivaldogene autotemcel, lamivudine. Either decreases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Patients should not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before initiating medications for stem cell mobilization, for the duration of the medications? elimination, and until all cycles of apheresis are completed.

            • clozapine

              clozapine, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • deferiprone

              deferiprone, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid use of deferiprone with other drugs known to be associated with neutropenia or agranulocytosis; if an alternative is not possible, monitor absolute neutrophil count more frequently.

            • elivaldogene autotemcel

              elivaldogene autotemcel, zidovudine. Either decreases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Patients should not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before initiating medications for stem cell mobilization, for the duration of the medications? elimination, and until all cycles of apheresis are completed.

            • ganciclovir

              ganciclovir, abacavir. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Increased risk of hematologic toxicity.

              ganciclovir increases toxicity of zidovudine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

            • pretomanid

              pretomanid will increase the level or effect of zidovudine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. In vitro studies demonstrated that pretomanid significantly inhibits OAT3; monitor for increased adverse effects and consider dosage reduction for OAT3 substrates.

            • ribavirin

              ribavirin increases toxicity of abacavir by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Increased risk of lactic acidosis and hepatic decompensation.

            • ribavirin

              ribavirin decreases effects of zidovudine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Mechanism: Competition for thymidine kinase for conversion to active form.

            • ropeginterferon alfa 2b

              ropeginterferon alfa 2b, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Myelosuppressive agents can produce additive myelosuppression. Avoid use and monitor patients receiving the combination for effects of excessive myelosuppression.

            • sorbitol

              sorbitol will decrease the level or effect of lamivudine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Sorbitol-containing solution decreased systemic exposure of lamivudine oral solution in a pediatric study (ARROW trial). Results showed lower rates of virologic suppression, lower plasma lamivudine exposure, and development of viral resistance more frequently than children receiving lamivudine tablets.

            • stavudine

              zidovudine decreases effects of stavudine by Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Mechanism: Competition for thymidine kinase for conversion to active form.

            • tafenoquine

              tafenoquine will increase the level or effect of lamivudine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Tafenoquine inhibits organic cation transporter-2 (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) transporters in vitro. Avoid coadministration with OCT2 or MATE substrates. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for substrate-related toxicities and consider dosage reduction if needed based on product labeling of the coadministered drug.

            • trilaciclib

              trilaciclib will decrease the level or effect of lamivudine by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of trilaciclib (OCT2, MATE1, and MATE-2K inhibitor) with substrates where minimal increased concentration in kidney or blood may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities.

            • valganciclovir

              valganciclovir, abacavir. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Increased risk of hematologic toxicity.

              valganciclovir increases toxicity of zidovudine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated.

            Monitor Closely (74)

            • abacavir

              abacavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              abacavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • acalabrutinib

              acalabrutinib, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may increase risk of myelosuppressive effects.

            • atazanavir

              atazanavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              atazanavir and abacavir both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • atazanavir

              atazanavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • cabozantinib

              abacavir will increase the level or effect of cabozantinib by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. MRP2 inhibitors increase cabozantinib toxicity

            • azathioprine

              azathioprine, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • cabozantinib

              lamivudine will increase the level or effect of cabozantinib by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. MRP2 inhibitors increase cabozantinib toxicity

            • carboplatin

              carboplatin, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • cidofovir

              cidofovir, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • cisplatin

              cisplatin, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • clarithromycin

              clarithromycin increases toxicity of zidovudine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

              clarithromycin, zidovudine. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Clarithromycin may increase or decrease levels of zidovudine. Literature describes conflicting reports. Separate administration by minimum 2 to 4 hours. .

            • clofarabine

              clofarabine, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • conivaptan

              conivaptan increases levels of zidovudine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • dasatinib

              dasatinib, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • dexrazoxane

              dexrazoxane, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • didanosine

              abacavir and didanosine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxorubicin

              zidovudine increases toxicity of doxorubicin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Inreased risk of myelosuppression.

              doxorubicin decreases effects of zidovudine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxorubicin liposomal

              zidovudine increases toxicity of doxorubicin liposomal by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Inreased risk of myelosuppression.

              doxorubicin liposomal decreases effects of zidovudine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Concomitant administration of zidovudine and doxorubicin should be avoided since an antagonistic relationship has been demonstrated in vitro.

            • efavirenz

              efavirenz and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              abacavir and efavirenz both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              efavirenz and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • emtricitabine

              emtricitabine and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              abacavir and emtricitabine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • enfuvirtide

              enfuvirtide and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              abacavir and enfuvirtide both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • enfuvirtide

              enfuvirtide and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • fosamprenavir

              fosamprenavir and abacavir both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • erdafitinib

              lamivudine increases levels of erdafitinib by decreasing renal clearance. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider alternatives that are not OCT2 substrates or consider reducing the dose of OCT2 substrates based on tolerability.

            • fosamprenavir

              fosamprenavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              fosamprenavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ganciclovir

              ganciclovir, lamivudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Increased risk of hematologic toxicity.

            • hydroxyurea

              hydroxyurea, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

              zidovudine, hydroxyurea. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase risk of myelosuppression.

            • ibritumomab tiuxetan

              ibritumomab tiuxetan, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • ifosfamide

              ifosfamide, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Ifosfamide may enhance the toxicities of myelosuppressive agents. Monitor for increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • imatinib

              imatinib, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • indinavir

              indinavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              indinavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              indinavir and abacavir both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • interferon alfa 2b

              interferon alfa 2b, lamivudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of liver decompensation.

              interferon alfa 2b increases levels of zidovudine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lamivudine

              abacavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • interferon alfa n3

              interferon alfa n3 increases levels of zidovudine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Interferons may enhance potential for adverse effects. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of increased myelosuppression and liver decompensation.

            • methadone

              abacavir will decrease the level or effect of methadone by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for opioid withdrawal symptoms.

            • nelfinavir

              nelfinavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              nelfinavir and abacavir both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • interferon beta 1a

              interferon beta 1a increases levels of zidovudine by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. Interferons may enhance potential for adverse effects. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of increased myelosuppression and liver decompensation.

            • nevirapine

              abacavir and nevirapine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • interferon beta 1b

              interferon beta 1b increases levels of zidovudine by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. Interferons may enhance potential for adverse effects. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of increased myelosuppression and liver decompensation.

            • ketoconazole

              ketoconazole increases levels of zidovudine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lamivudine

              lamivudine and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • lenalidomide

              lenalidomide, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • levoketoconazole

              levoketoconazole increases levels of zidovudine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • methotrexate

              methotrexate, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • mitomycin

              mitomycin, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • nelfinavir

              nelfinavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nevirapine

              nevirapine and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              lamivudine and nevirapine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • nirmatrelvir

              nirmatrelvir will decrease the level or effect of zidovudine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • orlistat

              orlistat will decrease the level or effect of lamivudine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Loss of virological control reported in HIV-infected patients taking orlistat concomitantly. Exact mechanism is unclear, but may include a drug-drug interaction that inhibits systemic absorption of the antiretroviral drug. Monitor HIV RNA levels frequently and if increased HIV viral load confirmed, discontinue orlistat.

              orlistat will decrease the level or effect of abacavir by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Loss of virological control reported in HIV-infected patients taking orlistat concomitantly. Exact mechanism is unclear, but may include a drug-drug interaction that inhibits systemic absorption of the antiretroviral drug. Monitor HIV RNA levels frequently and if increased HIV viral load confirmed, discontinue orlistat.

            • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir

              nirmatrelvir/ritonavir will decrease the level or effect of zidovudine by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • riociguat

              abacavir will increase the level or effect of riociguat by unknown mechanism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Riociguat dose reduction may be necessary

            • orlistat

              orlistat will decrease the level or effect of zidovudine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Loss of virological control reported in HIV-infected patients taking orlistat concomitantly. Exact mechanism is unclear, but may include a drug-drug interaction that inhibits systemic absorption of the antiretroviral drug. Monitor HIV RNA levels frequently and if increased HIV viral load confirmed, discontinue orlistat.

            • oxaliplatin

              oxaliplatin, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • peginterferon alfa 2a

              peginterferon alfa 2a, lamivudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of liver decompensation.

            • peginterferon alfa 2b

              peginterferon alfa 2b, lamivudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of liver decompensation.

              peginterferon alfa 2b will increase the level or effect of zidovudine by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Interferons may enhance adverse effects of zidovudine including increased myelosuppression.

            • primaquine

              primaquine, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • ribavirin

              ribavirin increases toxicity of lamivudine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Use alternatives if available. Increased risk of lactic acidosis.

            • probenecid

              probenecid increases levels of zidovudine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • rifabutin

              rifabutin will decrease the level or effect of zidovudine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • rifampin

              rifampin decreases levels of zidovudine by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ritonavir

              ritonavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ritonavir and abacavir both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              ritonavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • saquinavir

              saquinavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              saquinavir and abacavir both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              saquinavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • stavudine

              lamivudine and stavudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              abacavir and stavudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              stavudine and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tenofovir DF

              lamivudine and tenofovir DF both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              abacavir and tenofovir DF both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              tenofovir DF and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • thiotepa

              thiotepa, zidovudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of myelosuppression.

            • tipranavir

              tipranavir and abacavir both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              tipranavir decreases levels of abacavir by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tipranavir

              tipranavir and lamivudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tipranavir

              tipranavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

              tipranavir decreases levels of zidovudine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tobramycin inhaled

              tobramycin inhaled and zidovudine both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid concurrent or sequential use to decrease risk for ototoxicity

            • tocilizumab

              tocilizumab decreases levels of zidovudine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Interaction applies to inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, associated with increased levels of IL-6.

            • trimethoprim

              trimethoprim increases levels of zidovudine by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased toxicity. .

              trimethoprim increases effects of lamivudine by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for increased toxicity.

            • ublituximab

              ublituximab decreases effects of zidovudine by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              ublituximab decreases effects of lamivudine by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

              ublituximab decreases effects of abacavir by immunosuppressive effects; risk of infection. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

            • valganciclovir

              valganciclovir, lamivudine. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Use alternatives if available. Increased risk of hematologic toxicity.

            • zidovudine

              abacavir and zidovudine both increase risk of immune reconstitution syndrome. Use Caution/Monitor.

            Minor (7)

            • amphotericin B deoxycholate

              zidovudine increases toxicity of amphotericin B deoxycholate by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • black cohosh

              black cohosh increases toxicity of zidovudine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of hepatoxicity.

            • cyanocobalamin

              zidovudine decreases levels of cyanocobalamin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • dapsone

              zidovudine, dapsone. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased bone marrow toxicity.

            • didanosine

              zidovudine increases levels of didanosine by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • ethanol

              ethanol increases levels of abacavir by decreasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Interaction usually not clinically significant.

            • fluconazole

              fluconazole increases levels of zidovudine by decreasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

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            Adverse Effects

            >10%

            Nausea

            Headache

            Fatigue

            Malaise

            Vomiting

            1-10%

            Rash

            Fever/chills

            Anxiety

            Depression

            Increased triglyceride levels

            Diarrhea

            Increased amylase

            Neutropenia

            Increased ALT

            Increased CPK

            Ear infection

            Nose/throat infection

            Viral infection

            Frequency Not Defined

            Immune reconstitution syndrome

            GGT increased

            Fat redistribution

            Pancreatitis

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            Warnings

            Black Box Warnings

            Hypersensitivity reactions

            • Severe and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reaction, with multiple organ involvement, have occurred
            • Reintroduction of abacavir or any other abacavir-containing product, even in patients who have no identified history or unrecognized symptoms of hypersensitivity to abacavir therapy, can result (within hours) in serious or fatal hypersensitivity reactions
            • Patients who carry the HLA-B*5701 allele are at a higher risk of a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir; although, hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in patients who do not carry the HLA-B*5701 allele
            • Contraindicated with history of prior hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir and in patients who are HLA-B*5701-positive
            • All patients should be screened for the HLA-B*5701 allele before initiating or reinitiating abacavir, unless patients have a previously documented HLA-B*5701 allele assessment
            • If hypersensitivity is suspected, discontinue abacavir immediately, regardless of HLA-B*5701 status and even when other diagnoses are possible

            Exacerbations of hepatitis B

            • Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B reported in patients who are coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and have discontinued lamivudine
            • Monitor hepatic function closely in these patients and, if appropriate, initiate antihepatitis B treatment

            Hematologic toxicity

            • Hematologic toxicity, including neutropenia and anemia, has been associated with the use of zidovudine

            Myopathy

            • Symptomatic myopathy associated with prolonged use of zidovudine

            Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis

            • Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues, including abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine
            • Suspend treatment if clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity occur

            Contraindications

            Hypersensitivity to any component

            Moderate or severe hepatic impairment

            Presence of HLA-B*5701 allele

            Cautions

            Immune reconstitution syndrome reported with combination ART; during the initial treatment phase, patients whose immune systems respond may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (eg, Mycobacterium avium infection, cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [PCP], or tuberculosis); autoimmune disorders (eg, Grave disease, polymyositis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome) have also been reported

            Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, reported with use of nucleoside analogues, including abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (components of the combination product); a majority of these cases have been in women; female gender and obesity may be risk factors; suspend dosing in those who develop clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity

            Use has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in observational studies, but not in a meta-analysis of 26 randomized trials; caution with risks for coronary heart disease and minimizing modifiable risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, prior to use

            Use caution when treating in combination with interferon alfa with or without ribavirin in HIV/HBV; monitor for hepatic decompensation, neutropenia, or anemia and reduce interferon dose and or ribavirin or discontinue if toxicity occurs

            Discontinue therapy as medically appropriate and consider dose reduction or discontinuation of interferon alfa, ribavirin, or both in co-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy and interferon alfa with or without ribavirin

            Exacerbation of anemia reported in HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients receiving ribavirin and zidovudine; coadministration of ribavirin and zidovudine not advised

            Treatment with zidovudine, a component of the combination formulation, has been associated with loss of subcutaneous fat; the incidence and severity of lipoatrophy are related to cumulative exposure; this fat loss, which is most evident in the face, limbs, and buttocks, may be only partially reversible and improvement may take months to years after switching to a non-zidovudine-containing regimen; patients should be regularly assessed for signs of lipoatrophy during therapy with zidovudine-containing products, and if feasible, therapy should be switched to an alternative regimen if there is suspicion of lipoatrophy

            Not for administration with other products containing abacavir, lamivudine, or zidovudine; or emtricitabine-containing products

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            Pregnancy & Lactation

            Pregnancy

            There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to the drug during pregnancy; healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258-4263

            Abacavir

            • Based on prospective reports to APR of exposures to abacavir during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 1,300 exposed in the first trimester and over 1,300 exposed in the second/third trimester), there was no difference between overall risk of birth defects for abacavir compared with the background birth defect rate of 2.7% in the U.S. reference population of the MACDP
            • The prevalence of defects in live births was 3.2% (95% CI: 2.3% to 4.3%) following first-trimester exposure to abacavir-containing regimens and 2.9% (95% CI: 2.1% to 4.0%) following second/third-trimester exposure to abacavir-containing regimens

            Lamivudine

            • Based on prospective reports to APR of exposures to lamivudine during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 5,300 exposed in first trimester and over 7,400 exposed in second/third trimester), there was no difference between overall risk of birth defects for lamivudine compared with background birth defect rate of 2.7% in U.S. reference population of MACDP
            • The prevalence of birth defects in live births was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.7% to 3.6%) following first-trimester exposure to lamivudine-containing regimens and 2.9% (95% CI: 2.5%, 3.3%) following second/third-trimester exposure to lamivudine- containing regimens

            Zidovudine

            • Based on prospective reports to the APR of exposures during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 4,200 exposed in the first trimester and over 9,700 exposed in the second/third trimester), there was no difference between the overall risk of birth defects for zidovudine compared with the background birth defect rate of 2.7% in a U.S. reference population of the MACDP

            Lactation

            The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that HIV-1-infected mothers in the United States not breastfeed their infants to avoid risking postnatal transmission of HIV-1 infection; abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine are present in human milk; there is no information on effects of abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine on breastfed infant or effects of drug on milk production; because of potential for (1) HIV-1 transmission (in HIV-negative infants), (2) developing viral resistance (in HIV-positive infants), and (3) serious adverse reactions in breastfed infant, similar to those seen in adults; instruct mothers not to breastfeed if they are being treated with the drug combination

            Pregnancy Categories

            A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

            B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

            C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

            D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

            X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

            NA: Information not available.

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            Pharmacology

            Pharmacogenomics

            Patients who carry the HLA-B*5701 allele are at high risk for experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction

            Prior to initiating therapy with abacavir, screening for the HLA-B*5701 allele is recommended

            For HLA-B*5701-positive patients, treatment with an abacavir-containing regimen is not recommended

            Genetic testing laboratories

            • The following companies provide genetic testing for HLA variants
            • Kashi Clinical Laboratories (www.kashilab.com)
            • LabCorp (http://www.labcorp.com/)
            • Specialty Laboratories (http://www.specialtylabs.com)
            • Quest (http://www.questdialgnotics.com)

            Mechanism of Action

            Lamivudine: NRTI; following phosphorylation, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by viral DNA chain termination; cytosine analog

            Zidovudine: NRTI; interferes with HIV viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (inhibits viral replication); thymidine analog

            Abacavir: NRTI; following phosphorylation, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by inhibiting viral replication; guanosine analogue

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            Images

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            Patient Handout

            A Patient Handout is not currently available for this monograph.
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            Formulary

            FormularyPatient Discounts

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            • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
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            The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

            Tier Description
            1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
            2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
            3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
            4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
            Code Definition
            PA Prior Authorization
            Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
            QL Quantity Limits
            Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
            ST Step Therapy
            Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
            OR Other Restrictions
            Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
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            Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.