enalapril (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:enalaprilat, Epaned, more...Vasotec, Vasotec IV

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

  • 1.25mg/mL

tablet

  • 2.5mg
  • 5mg
  • 10mg
  • 20mg

powder for oral solution (Epaned)

  • 150 mg bottle (1mg/mL after reconstitution)

Hypertension

Oral

  • Initial: 2.5-5 mg PO qDay
  • Maintenance: 10-40 mg/day PO qDay or divided q12hr

IV

  • 1.25 mg/dose IV over 5 minutes q6hr; doses up to 5 mg/dose IV q6hr have been administered

Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Initial: 2.5 mg PO q12hr

May titrate up to 20 mg/day

Congestive Heart Failure

Initial: 2.5 mg PO qDay or q12hr

Maintenance: 5-40 mg/Day PO divided q12hr; titrate slowly q2Weeks

IV: 1.25-5 mg q6hr; avoid IV administration in unstable heart failure or acute myocardial infarction

Conversion from IV to oral dosage form

If not concurrently receiving diuretics, initiate enalapril 5 mg PO qDay; if concurrently receiving diuretics and responding to 0.625 mg IV q6hr, initiate at 2.5 mg PO qDay; titrate upwards as necessary

Dosage Modifications

Hepatic impairment: No dosage adjustment required

Renal impairment

  • CrCl <30 mL/min: (PO) Initiate 2.5 mg; titrate to response; not to exceed 40 mg
  • Dialysis: 2.5 mg PO on day of dialysis; adjust dose on nondialysis days according to BP
  • CrCl <30 mL/min: (IV) Initiate 0.625 mg q6hr; titrate based on response
  • CrCl ≥30 mL/min: (PO) Initiate 5 mg/day; titrate to maximum of 40 mg
  • CrCl ≥30 mL/min: (IV) 1.25 mg q6hr; titrate based on response

Dosing Considerations

Beneficial for many patients at risk for heart disease

Reduces risk of MI, stroke, diabetic nephropathy, microalbuminuria, new-onset DM

Consider starting an ACE inhibitor in high-risk patients, even if no HTN or CHF

May prolong survival in CHF

May preserve renal function in DM

May help to prevent migraine headache

Good choice in hyperlipidemia patients

Requires weeks for full effect; to start, use low dose and titrate q1-2Weeks

Abrupt discontinuation not associated with rapid increase in BP

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

  • 1.25mg/mL

tablet

  • 2.5mg
  • 5mg
  • 10mg
  • 20mg

powder for oral solution (Epaned)

  • 150 mg bottle (1mg/mL after reconstitution)

Hypertension

1 month to 16 years (oral)

  • Initial: 0.08 mg/kg/day PO or divided q12hr; not to exceed 5 mg/day  
  • May increase PRN q2Weeks according to blood pressure not to exceed 0.58 mg/kg/day (or 40 mg/day)

1 month to 16 years (IV)

  • 0.01-0.02 mg/kg/day divided q12hr by IV infusion

Hypertensive Crisis

0.05-0.1 mg/kg by direct IV injection  

Renal Impairment

GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²: Not recommended

Next:

Interactions

Interaction Checker

and enalapril

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            Contraindicated (3)

            • aliskiren

              enalapril, aliskiren. Either increases toxicity of the other by Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Contraindicated. Aliskiren use contraindicated with ACEIs in patients with diabetes; avoid coadministration with ACEIs if GFR <60 mL/min; dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

              enalapril decreases effects of aliskiren by Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Aliskiren use contraindicated with ACE-inhibitors in patients with diabetes; avoid coadministration with ACE-inhibitors if GFR. In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, coadministration of ACE-inhibitors with drugs that affect RAAS may increase the risk of renal impairment (including acute renal failure) and cause loss of antihypertensive effect. Monitor renal function periodically.

            • protein a column

              enalapril, protein a column. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Risk of anaphylactic reaction. Mechanism: buildup of bradykinin d/t deactivation of kininase by ACE inhibitors. D/C ACE inhibitor 72h prior to use of protein A column.

            • sacubitril/valsartan

              sacubitril/valsartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Coadministration of neprilysin inhibitors (eg, sacubitril) with ACE inhibitors may increase angioedema risk; do not administer ACE inhibitors within 36 hr of switching to or from sacubitril/valsartan.

            Serious - Use Alternative (40)

            • allopurinol

              enalapril, allopurinol. Mechanism: unknown. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Risk of anaphylaxis, Stevens Johnson syndrome.

            • aspirin

              aspirin, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • aspirin rectal

              aspirin rectal, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • azilsartan

              azilsartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • candesartan

              candesartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • celecoxib

              celecoxib, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • choline magnesium trisalicylate

              choline magnesium trisalicylate, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • diclofenac

              diclofenac, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • diflunisal

              diflunisal, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • eprosartan

              eprosartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • etodolac

              etodolac, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • fenoprofen

              fenoprofen, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • flurbiprofen

              flurbiprofen, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • ibuprofen

              ibuprofen, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • ibuprofen IV

              ibuprofen IV, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • indomethacin

              indomethacin, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • irbesartan

              irbesartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • ketoprofen

              ketoprofen, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • ketorolac

              ketorolac, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • ketorolac intranasal

              ketorolac intranasal, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • leniolisib

              leniolisib will increase the level or effect of enalapril by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Leniolisib, an OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 inhibitor, may increase systemic exposure of these substrates

            • lofexidine

              lofexidine, enalapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with other drugs that decrease pulse or blood pressure to mitigate risk of excessive bradycardia and hypotension.

            • losartan

              losartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • meclofenamate

              meclofenamate, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • mefenamic acid

              mefenamic acid, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • meloxicam

              meloxicam, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • nabumetone

              nabumetone, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • naproxen

              naproxen, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • olmesartan

              olmesartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • oxaprozin

              oxaprozin, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • piroxicam

              piroxicam, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • potassium phosphates, IV

              enalapril and potassium phosphates, IV both increase serum potassium. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

            • pregabalin

              enalapril, pregabalin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Coadministration results in additive risk of developing angioedema of face, mouth, and neck. Angioedema may result in respiratory compromise.

            • sacubitril/valsartan

              sacubitril/valsartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • salsalate

              salsalate, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • sulindac

              sulindac, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • telmisartan

              telmisartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            • tolmetin

              tolmetin, enalapril. pharmacodynamic antagonism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration may result in a significant decrease in renal function. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. The mechanism of these interactions is likely related to the ability of NSAIDs to reduce the synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins.

            • trofinetide

              trofinetide will increase the level or effect of enalapril by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Trofinetide (an OATP131 and OATP13B inhibitor) may increase plasma levels of OATP131 or OATP13B substrates. Avoid coadministration with sensitive substrates.

            • valsartan

              valsartan, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment.

            Monitor Closely (121)

            • albiglutide

              enalapril increases effects of albiglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

            • aldesleukin

              aldesleukin increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

            • alfuzosin

              enalapril, alfuzosin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • aluminum hydroxide

              aluminum hydroxide decreases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • amifostine

              amifostine, enalapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

            • amiloride

              enalapril, amiloride. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • apalutamide

              apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of enalapril by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Apalutamide weakly induces OATP1B1 and may decrease systemic exposure of drugs that are OATP1B1 substrates.

            • asenapine

              enalapril, asenapine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • aspirin

              enalapril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly with high dose aspirin, in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

              aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              enalapril, aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • avanafil

              avanafil increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

            • azathioprine

              enalapril, azathioprine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of neutropenia.

            • bretylium

              enalapril, bretylium. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Each drug may cause hypotension.

            • bumetanide

              enalapril, bumetanide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypotension, renal insufficiency.

            • calcium carbonate

              calcium carbonate decreases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • canagliflozin

              enalapril and canagliflozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carbamazepine

              enalapril increases levels of carbamazepine by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • carbidopa

              carbidopa increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Therapy with carbidopa, given with or without levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products, is started, dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive drug may be required.

            • celecoxib

              enalapril, celecoxib. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • chlorpropamide

              enalapril increases effects of chlorpropamide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • choline magnesium trisalicylate

              enalapril, choline magnesium trisalicylate. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • dalteparin

              dalteparin increases toxicity of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Low molecular weight heparins may suppress adrenal aldosterone secretion, which can potentially cause hyperkalemia.

            • diclofenac

              enalapril, diclofenac. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • diflunisal

              enalapril, diflunisal. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • digoxin

              enalapril increases levels of digoxin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • doxazosin

              enalapril, doxazosin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • drospirenone

              enalapril, drospirenone. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • encorafenib

              encorafenib will increase the level or effect of enalapril by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Encorafenib (a OATP1B3 inhibitor) may increase the concentration and toxicities of OATP1B3 substrates. Closely monitor for signs and symptoms of increased exposure and consider adjusting the dose of these substrates.

            • enoxaparin

              enoxaparin increases toxicity of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Low molecular weight heparins may suppress adrenal aldosterone secretion, which can potentially cause hyperkalemia.

            • eplerenone

              enalapril, eplerenone. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • ethacrynic acid

              enalapril, ethacrynic acid. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypotension, renal insufficiency.

            • etodolac

              enalapril, etodolac. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • everolimus

              enalapril, everolimus. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration increases risk of angioedema.

            • exenatide injectable solution

              enalapril increases effects of exenatide injectable solution by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

            • exenatide injectable suspension

              enalapril increases effects of exenatide injectable suspension by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor.

            • fenoprofen

              enalapril, fenoprofen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • ferric maltol

              enalapril, ferric maltol. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of GI symptoms, hypotension.

            • ferrous gluconate

              enalapril, ferrous gluconate. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of GI symptoms, hypotension.

            • finerenone

              enalapril and finerenone both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Finerenone dose adjustment based on current serum potassium concentration. Monitor serum potassium and adjust finerenone dose as described in the prescribing information as necessary.

            • flurbiprofen

              enalapril, flurbiprofen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • fostemsavir

              fostemsavir will increase the level or effect of enalapril by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Fostemsavir inhibits OATP1B1/3 transporter. If possible, avoid coadministration or modify dose of OATP1B1/3 substrates coadministered with fostemsavir.

            • furosemide

              enalapril, furosemide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypotension, renal insufficiency.

            • glecaprevir/pibrentasvir

              glecaprevir/pibrentasvir will increase the level or effect of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may increase plasma concentration of drugs that are substrates of OATP1B1 or OATP1B3

            • glimepiride

              enalapril increases effects of glimepiride by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • glipizide

              enalapril increases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • glyburide

              enalapril increases effects of glyburide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • gold sodium thiomalate

              enalapril, gold sodium thiomalate. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Combo of ACE inhibitors and injectable gold has caused rare cases of nitritoid reaction (flushing, N/V, hypot'n).

            • heparin

              heparin increases toxicity of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Low molecular weight heparins may suppress adrenal aldosterone secretion, which can potentially cause hyperkalemia.

            • ibuprofen

              enalapril, ibuprofen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • ibuprofen IV

              enalapril, ibuprofen IV. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • icatibant

              icatibant decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Icatibant has potential to have a pharmacodynamic interaction with ACE inhibitors where it may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors.

            • indomethacin

              enalapril, indomethacin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • insulin aspart

              enalapril increases effects of insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin degludec

              enalapril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

            • insulin degludec/insulin aspart

              enalapril, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

            • insulin detemir

              enalapril increases effects of insulin detemir by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin glargine

              enalapril increases effects of insulin glargine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin glulisine

              enalapril increases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin inhaled

              enalapril, insulin inhaled. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

            • insulin lispro

              enalapril increases effects of insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin NPH

              enalapril increases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • insulin regular human

              enalapril increases effects of insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • ketoprofen

              enalapril, ketoprofen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • ketorolac

              enalapril, ketorolac. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • ketorolac intranasal

              enalapril, ketorolac intranasal. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • lanthanum carbonate

              lanthanum carbonate decreases levels of enalapril by cation binding in GI tract. Use Caution/Monitor. Administer ACE inhibitor at least 2 hr before or after lanthanum.

            • letermovir

              letermovir increases levels of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Letermovir, an OATP1B1/3 inhibitor may increase plasma concentrations of coadministered OATP1B1/3 substrates.

            • levodopa

              levodopa increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider decreasing dosage of antihypertensive agent.

            • levoketoconazole

              levoketoconazole increases levels of enalapril by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • liraglutide

              enalapril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

            • lithium

              enalapril increases toxicity of lithium by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitor induced Na+ depletion may increase reabsorption of lithium from renal tubule.

            • lurasidone

              lurasidone increases effects of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased risk of hypotension with concurrent use. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose of antihypertensive agent as needed.

            • maraviroc

              maraviroc, enalapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

            • meclofenamate

              enalapril, meclofenamate. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • mefenamic acid

              enalapril, mefenamic acid. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • meloxicam

              enalapril, meloxicam. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • metformin

              enalapril increases toxicity of metformin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increases risk for hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis.

            • methylphenidate

              methylphenidate will decrease the level or effect of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Methylphenidate may diminish antihypertensive effects. Monitor BP.

            • methylphenidate transdermal

              methylphenidate transdermal decreases effects of enalapril by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • mipomersen

              mipomersen, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Both drugs have potential to increase hepatic enzymes; monitor LFTs.

            • moxisylyte

              enalapril, moxisylyte. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • nabumetone

              enalapril, nabumetone. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • naproxen

              enalapril, naproxen. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • nesiritide

              nesiritide, enalapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypotensive effects.

            • nitroglycerin rectal

              nitroglycerin rectal, enalapril. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Observe for possible additive hypotensive effects during concomitant use. .

            • oxaprozin

              enalapril, oxaprozin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • phenoxybenzamine

              enalapril, phenoxybenzamine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • phentolamine

              enalapril, phentolamine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • piroxicam

              enalapril, piroxicam. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • potassium acid phosphate

              enalapril increases levels of potassium acid phosphate by decreasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • potassium chloride

              enalapril increases levels of potassium chloride by decreasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • potassium citrate

              enalapril increases levels of potassium citrate by decreasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • potassium citrate/citric acid

              enalapril and potassium citrate/citric acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • potassium iodide

              potassium iodide and enalapril both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor. Potassium salts may increase the hyperkalemic effects of ACE inhibitors; the effect may be the result of aldosterone suppression in patients receiving ACE inhibitors.

            • prazosin

              enalapril, prazosin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • rose hips

              enalapril, rose hips. Mechanism: unknown. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of GI symptoms, hypotension.

            • salsalate

              enalapril, salsalate. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • silodosin

              enalapril, silodosin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • sirolimus

              enalapril, sirolimus. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration increases risk of angioedema.

            • sodium bicarbonate

              sodium bicarbonate decreases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sodium citrate/citric acid

              sodium citrate/citric acid decreases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

              sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

            • sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

              sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

            • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

              sofosbuvir/velpatasvir increases levels of enalapril by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Velpatasvir inhibits OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 transporters. .

            • spironolactone

              enalapril, spironolactone. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • sulfasalazine

              sulfasalazine decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and may diminish antihypertensive effect.

              enalapril, sulfasalazine. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • sulindac

              enalapril, sulindac. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • synthetic human angiotensin II

              enalapril increases effects of synthetic human angiotensin II by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tadalafil

              tadalafil increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

            • temsirolimus

              enalapril, temsirolimus. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration increases risk of angioedema.

            • tenapanor

              tenapanor decreases levels of enalapril by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Tenapanor inhibits intestinal uptake transporter, OATP2B1; peak exposure (Cmax) of enalapril and its active metabolite, enalaprilat, decreases significantly when both drugs administered concomitantly; monitor blood pressure and increase dosage of enalapril, if needed, when coadministered with this drug.

            • terazosin

              enalapril, terazosin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            • tolazamide

              enalapril increases effects of tolazamide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tolbutamide

              enalapril increases effects of tolbutamide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • tolmetin

              enalapril, tolmetin. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May result in renal function deterioration, particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.

            • torsemide

              enalapril, torsemide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of acute hypotension, renal insufficiency.

            • triamterene

              enalapril, triamterene. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hyperkalemia.

            • trimethoprim

              trimethoprim and enalapril both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor. Trimethoprim decreases urinary potassium excretion. May cause hyperkalemia, particularly with high doses, renal insufficiency, or when combined with other drugs that cause hyperkalemia.

            • voclosporin

              voclosporin and enalapril both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

              voclosporin, enalapril. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

            • xipamide

              xipamide increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

            • zotepine

              enalapril, zotepine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Exaggerated first dose hypotensive response.

            Minor (31)

            • aceclofenac

              aceclofenac decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • acemetacin

              acemetacin decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • agrimony

              agrimony increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • brimonidine

              brimonidine increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • capsicum

              capsicum, enalapril. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increase ACE inhibitor induced cough.

            • chlorpromazine

              chlorpromazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • cornsilk

              cornsilk increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • creatine

              creatine, enalapril. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. (Theoretical interaction) Combination may have additive nephrotoxic effects.

            • cyclosporine

              cyclosporine will increase the level or effect of enalapril by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. may increase plasma concentrations of OATP substrates

            • entecavir

              enalapril, entecavir. Either increases effects of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Coadministration with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase serum concentrations of either entecavir or the coadministered drug.

            • fluphenazine

              fluphenazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • lornoxicam

              lornoxicam decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • maitake

              maitake increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • octacosanol

              octacosanol increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • parecoxib

              parecoxib decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • patiromer

              patiromer, enalapril. cation binding in GI tract. Minor/Significance Unknown. No observed clinically important interaction. No separation of dosing required.

            • perphenazine

              perphenazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • probenecid

              probenecid increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • prochlorperazine

              prochlorperazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • promazine

              promazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • promethazine

              promethazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • reishi

              reishi increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • rifampin

              rifampin decreases levels of enalapril by increasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • salicylates (non-asa)

              salicylates (non-asa) decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • shepherd's purse

              shepherd's purse, enalapril. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Theoretically, shepherd's purse may interfere with BP control.

            • thioridazine

              thioridazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • tizanidine

              tizanidine increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypotension.

            • tolfenamic acid

              tolfenamic acid decreases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

            • treprostinil

              treprostinil increases effects of enalapril by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • trifluoperazine

              trifluoperazine increases effects of enalapril by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

            • voclosporin

              voclosporin will increase the level or effect of enalapril by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Information suggests voclosporin (an OATP1B1 inhibitor) may increase in the concentration of OATP1B1 substrates is possible. Monitor for adverse reactions of OATP1B1 substrates when coadministered with voclosporin.

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            Adverse Effects

            1-10%

            Dizziness (4-8%)

            Hypotension (0.9-6.7%)

            Headache (2-5%)

            Chest pain (2%)

            Cough (1-2%)

            Rash (1.5%)

            Frequency Not Defined

            Asthenia

            Nausea

            Vomiting

            Hyperkalemia

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            Warnings

            Black Box Warnings

            Discontinue as soon as possible when pregnancy is detected; affects renin-angiotensin system, causing oligohydramnios, which may result in fetal injury and/or death

            Contraindications

            Hypersensitivity to enalapril/other ACE inhibitors

            History of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, hereditary or idiopathic angioedema

            Coadministration of neprilysin inhibitors (eg, sacubitril) with ACE inhibitors may increase angioedema risk; do not administer ACE inhibitors within 36 hr of switching to or from sacubitril/valsartan

            Do not coadminister with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus or with renal impairment (ie, GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²)

            Bilateral renal artery stenosis

            Cautions

            Apheresis (LDL) with dextran sulfate, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, collagen vascular disease, hemodialysis with high flux membrane, renal or aortic stenosis

            For HTN patients on diuretics, if possible discontinue diuretics 2-3 days before starting enalapril

            Excessive hypotension if concomitant diuretics, hypovolemia, hyponatremia

            Risk of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with renal impairment or DM or in those taking concomitant K+-elevating drugs

            Dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system with ARBs, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren associated with increased risk for hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal function changes (including acute renal failure) compared to monotherapy

            Injection contains benzyl alcohol preservative (linked to potentially fatal "gasping syndrome" in preemies)

            ACE inhibition also causes an increase in bradykinin levels, which putatively mediates angioedema

            Angioedema of the face, extremities, lips, tongue, glottis, and larynx has been reported in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

            If laryngeal stridor or angioedema of the face, tongue, or glottis occurs discontinue therapy and institute appropriate therapy immediately

            Patients receiving coadministration of ACE inhibitor and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor (e.g. temsirolimus, sirolimus, everolimus) therapy or a neprilysin inhibitor may be at increased risk for angioedema Intestinal angioedema has been reported in patients treated with ACE inhibitors

            Dry hacking nonproductive cough may occur within few months of treatment; consider other causes of cough prior to discontinuation

            Agranulocytosis, neutropenia, or leukopenia with myeloid hypoplasia reported with other ACE inhibitor; patients with renal impairment are at high risk; monitor CBC with differential in these patients

            Discontinue STAT if patient becomes pregnant

            Less effective in blacks

            Renal impairment

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            Pregnancy & Lactation

            Pregnancy

            May cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman; use of drugs that act on renin-angiotensin system during second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death; when pregnancy is detected, discontinue therapy as soon as possible

            Hypertension in pregnancy increases maternal risk for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature delivery, and delivery complications (e.g., need for cesarean section, and post-partum hemorrhage); hypertension increases fetal risk for intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine death; pregnant women with hypertension should be carefully monitored and managed accordingly

            Lactation

            Enalapril and enalaprilat have been detected in human breast milk; because of potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infant, including hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal impairment, advise women not to breastfeed during therapy

            Pregnancy Categories

            A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

            B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

            C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

            D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

            X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

            NA: Information not available.

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            Pharmacology

            Mechanism of Action

            Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors dilate arteries and veins by competitively inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor) and by inhibiting bradykinin metabolism; these actions result in preload and afterload reductions on the heart

            ACE inhibitors also promote sodium and water excretion by inhibiting angiotensin-II induced aldosterone secretion; elevation in potassium may also be observed

            ACE inhibitors also elicit renoprotective effects through vasodilation of renal arterioles

            ACE inhibitors reduce cardiac and vascular remodeling associated with chronic hypertension, heart failure, and myocardial infarction

            Absorption

            Bioavailability: 60%

            Onset: 1 hr

            Duration: 6 hr (IV), 12-24 hr (PO)

            Peak plasma time: 15 min (IV), 1 hr (PO)

            Onset of action

            • Initial response for HTN: 15 min (IV), 1 hr (PO)
            • Peak response for HTN: 1-4 hr (IV), 4-6 hr (PO)

            Distribution

            Protein bound: 50-60%

            Metabolism

            Liver (70%); enalapril undergoes hepatic biotransformation to enalaprilat within 4 hr following oral administration

            Metabolites: Enalaprilat (active)

            Elimination

            Half-life elimination: 2 hr (parent drug), 35-38 hr (active metabolite [enalaprilat])

            Dialyzable: Yes (hemodialysis)

            Excretion: Urine (61%); feces (6% as enalapril, 27% as enalaprilat)

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            Administration

            IV Incompatibilities

            Y-site: Ampho B, ampho B chol SO4, cefepime, phenytoin

            IV Compatibilities

            Solution: D5W, Normosol R

            Additive: Dobutamine, dopamine, heparin, meropenem, nitroglycerin, KCl, sodium nitroprusside

            Y-site (partial list): Allopurinol, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefazolin, clindamycin, dobutamine, dopamine, esmolol, fentanyl, heparin, labetalol, linezolid, MgSO4, metronidazole, morphine SO4, nicardipine, KCl, propofol, tobramycin, TMP-SMX, vancomycin

            IV Administration

            Slow IVP over at least 5 minutes if undiluted, OR

            Infused in up to 50 mL of compatible IV infusion solution

            Storage

            Clear, colorless solution

            Store below 30°C

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            Images

            BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
            Epaned oral
            -
            1 mg/mL solution
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            1 mg/mL solution
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            20 mg tablet
            enalapril maleate oral
            -
            1 mg/mL solution
            Vasotec oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            Vasotec oral
            -
            2.5 mg tablet
            Vasotec oral
            -
            10 mg tablet
            Vasotec oral
            -
            5 mg tablet
            Vasotec oral
            -
            20 mg tablet

            Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

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            Patient Handout

            Patient Education
            enalapril maleate oral

            ENALAPRIL SOLUTION - ORAL

            (en-AL-a-pril)

            COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Epaned

            WARNING: This drug can cause serious (possibly fatal) harm to an unborn baby if used during pregnancy. It is important to prevent pregnancy while taking this medication. Consult your doctor for more details and to discuss the use of reliable forms of birth control while taking this medication. If you are planning pregnancy, become pregnant, or think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor right away.

            USES: Enalapril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to help prevent people with a certain heart problem (left ventricular dysfunction) from developing heart failure.Enalapril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.

            HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once or twice daily.Carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. For children, the dosage is also based on weight.Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day. Keep taking this medication even if you feel well. Most people with high blood pressure do not feel sick.For the treatment of high blood pressure, it may take several weeks before you get the full benefit of this medication. For the treatment of heart failure, it may take weeks to months before you get the full benefit of this medication.Tell your doctor if your condition worsens (for example, your blood pressure readings increase).

            SIDE EFFECTS: Dizziness, lightheadedness, or weakness may occur as your body adjusts to the medication. Dry cough may also occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.To reduce the risk of dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: fainting, symptoms of a high potassium blood level (such as muscle weakness, slow/irregular heartbeat).Although enalapril may be used to prevent kidney problems or treat people who have kidney problems, it may also rarely cause serious kidney problems or make them worse. Your doctor will check your kidney function while you are taking enalapril. Tell your doctor right away if you have any signs of kidney problems such as a change in the amount of urine.Enalapril may rarely cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of liver damage, including: nausea/vomiting that doesn't stop, loss of appetite, dark urine, stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

            PRECAUTIONS: Before taking enalapril, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other ACE inhibitors (such as benazepril); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: history of an allergic reaction which included swelling of the face/lips/tongue/throat (angioedema), blood filtering procedures (such as LDL apheresis, dialysis), high level of potassium in the blood.This drug may make you dizzy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Limit alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).Too much sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting may cause dehydration and increase your risk of lightheadedness. Report prolonged diarrhea or vomiting to your doctor. Be sure to drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration unless your doctor directs you otherwise.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).This medication may increase your potassium levels. Before using potassium supplements or salt substitutes that contain potassium, consult your doctor or pharmacist.Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, including dizziness and increases in potassium level.Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not become pregnant while using enalapril. Enalapril may harm an unborn baby. If you become pregnant, talk to your doctor right away about the risks and benefits of this medication. Consult your doctor for more details. (See also Warning section.)This medication passes into breast milk but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

            DRUG INTERACTIONS: See also Precautions section.Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: aliskiren, certain drugs that weaken the immune system/increase the risk of infection (such as everolimus, sirolimus), lithium, drugs that may increase the level of potassium in the blood (such as ARBs including losartan/valsartan, birth control pills containing drospirenone), sacubitril.Some products have ingredients that could raise your blood pressure or worsen your heart failure. Tell your pharmacist what products you are using, and ask how to use them safely (especially cough-and-cold products, diet aids, or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen/naproxen).A very serious reaction may occur if you are getting injections for bee/wasp sting allergy (desensitization) and are also taking enalapril. Make sure all your doctors know you use this drug.

            OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe dizziness, fainting.

            NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, stopping smoking, and eating a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet. Consult your doctor for more details.Lab and/or medical tests (such as kidney function, potassium levels) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.Have your blood pressure checked regularly while taking this medication. Learn how to monitor your own blood pressure at home, and share the results with your doctor.

            MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

            STORAGE: Different brands of this medication have different storage needs. Check the product package for instructions on how to store your brand, or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medications away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

            Information last revised November 2022. Copyright(c) 2023 First Databank, Inc.

            IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

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            Formulary

            FormularyPatient Discounts

            Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

            To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

            Adding plans allows you to:

            • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
            • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
            • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
            • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

            The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

            Tier Description
            1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
            2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
            3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
            4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
            NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
            Code Definition
            PA Prior Authorization
            Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
            QL Quantity Limits
            Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
            ST Step Therapy
            Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
            OR Other Restrictions
            Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
            Additional Offers
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            Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.