tenofovir AF (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:Vemlidy

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

tablet

  • 25mg

Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Indicated for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients aged ≥12 years with compensated liver disease

25 mg PO qDay with food

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment

  • Mild, moderate, or severe: No dosage adjustment required
  • ESRD (CrCl <15 mL/min: Not recommended in patients who are not receiving hemodialysis; in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, administer drug after completion of hemodialysis

Hepatic impairment

  • Mild (Child-Pugh A): No dosage adjustment required
  • Decompensated (Child-Pugh B or C): Not recommended

Dosing Considerations

Test for HIV-1 infection before initiating; do not use tenofovir alone in patients coinfected with HIV infection

Assess serum creatinine, phosphorous, estimated CrCl, urine glucose, and urine protein before initiating and periodically throughout treatment

Dosage Forms & Strengths

tablet

  • 25mg

Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Indicated for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients age ≥12 years with compensated liver disease

<12 years: Safety and efficacy not established

≥12 years: 25 mg PO qDay with food

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment

  • Mild, moderate, or severe: No dosage adjustment required
  • ESRD (CrCl <15 mL/min): Not recommended in patients who are not receiving hemodialysis; in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, administer drug after completion of hemodialysis

Hepatic impairment

  • Mild (Child-Pugh A): No dosage adjustment required
  • Decompensated (Child-Pugh B or C): Not recommended

Dosing Considerations

Test for HIV-1 infection before initiating; do not use tenofovir alone in patients coinfected with HIV infection

Assess serum creatinine, phosphorous, estimated CrCl, urine glucose, and urine protein before initiating and periodically throughout treatment

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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and tenofovir AF

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              Serious - Use Alternative (4)

              • leniolisib

                leniolisib will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Leniolisib, a BCRP inhibitor, may increase systemic exposure of BCRP substrates

              • letermovir

                tenofovir AF will decrease the level or effect of letermovir by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of letermovir with P-gp inducers is not recommended.

              • sotorasib

                sotorasib will decrease the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If use is unavoidable, refer to the prescribing information of the P-gp substrate for dosage modifications.

              • tepotinib

                tepotinib will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If concomitant use unavoidable, reduce the P-gp substrate dosage if recommended in its approved product labeling.

              Monitor Closely (26)

              • acalabrutinib

                acalabrutinib increases levels of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Acalabrutinib may increase exposure to coadministered BCRP substrates by inhibition of intestinal BCRP.

              • apalutamide

                apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of tenofovir AF by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. Apalutamide weakly induces BCRP and may decrease systemic exposure of drugs that are BCRP substrates.

              • berotralstat

                berotralstat will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor or titrate P-gp substrate dose if coadministered.

              • cabozantinib

                tenofovir AF will increase the level or effect of cabozantinib by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. MRP2 inhibitors increase cabozantinib toxicity

              • darolutamide

                darolutamide will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Darolutamide is a BCRP inhibitor. Avoid coadministration with BCRP inhibitors. If use is unavoidable, closely monitor for adverse reactions and consider dose reduction of BCRP substrate drug (refer BCRP substrate prescribing information).

              • duvelisib

                tenofovir AF will decrease the level or effect of duvelisib by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • elagolix

                elagolix will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor.

              • encorafenib

                encorafenib will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Encorafenib (a BCRP inhibitor) may increase the concentration and toxicities of BCRP substrates. Closely monitor for signs and symptoms of increased exposure and consider adjusting the dose of these substrates.

              • fostamatinib

                fostamatinib will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of fostamatinib may increase concentrations of BCRP substrate drugs. Monitor for toxicities of BCRP substrate drug that may require dosage reduction when given concurrently with fostamatinib.

              • glecaprevir/pibrentasvir

                glecaprevir/pibrentasvir will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may increase plasma concentration of BCRP substrates.

              • ifosfamide

                ifosfamide, tenofovir AF. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Monitor electrolytes and renal function.

              • istradefylline

                istradefylline will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Istradefylline 40 mg/day increased peak levels and AUC of P-gp substrates in clinical trials. Consider dose reduction of sensitive P-gp substrates.

              • lonafarnib

                lonafarnib will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Lonafarnib is a weak P-gp inhibitor. Monitor for adverse reactions if coadministered with P-gp substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. Reduce P-gp substrate dose if needed.

              • momelotinib

                momelotinib increases toxicity of tenofovir AF by plasma protein binding competition. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Momelotinib (BCRP inhibitor) may increase exposure of BCRP substrates, which may increase the risk of BCRP substrate adverse reactions. Dose adjustment of other BCRP substrates may necessary.

              • nirmatrelvir

                nirmatrelvir will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may increase tenofovir systemic exposures.

              • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir

                nirmatrelvir/ritonavir will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration may increase tenofovir systemic exposures.

              • orlistat

                orlistat will decrease the level or effect of tenofovir AF by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Loss of virological control reported in HIV-infected patients taking orlistat concomitantly. Exact mechanism is unclear, but may include a drug-drug interaction that inhibits systemic absorption of the antiretroviral drug. Monitor HIV RNA levels frequently and if increased HIV viral load confirmed, discontinue orlistat.

              • oteseconazole

                oteseconazole will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Otesezonale, a BCRP inhibitor, may increase the effects and risk of toxicities of BCRP substrates. Use lowest starting dose of BCRP substrate, or consider reducing BCRP substrate dose.

              • regorafenib

                regorafenib will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Regorafenib likely inhibits BCRP (ABCG2) transport. Coadministration with a BCRP substrate may increase systemic exposure to the substrate and related toxicity.

              • safinamide

                safinamide will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Safinamide and its major metabolite may inhibit intestinal BCRP. Monitor BCRP substrates for increased pharmacologic or adverse effects.

              • sarecycline

                sarecycline will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Monitor for toxicities of P-gp substrates that may require dosage reduction when coadministered with P-gp inhibitors.

              • stiripentol

                stiripentol will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Stiripentol is a BCRP transport inhibitor. Consider dosage reduction for BCRP substrates if adverse effects are experienced when coadministered.

              • tafamidis

                tafamidis will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Tafamidis inhibits breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) in vitro and may increase exposure of BCRP substrates following tafamidis or tafamidis meglumine administration. Dosage adjustment of these BCRP substrates may be necessary.

              • tafamidis meglumine

                tafamidis meglumine will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Tafamidis inhibits breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) in vitro and may increase exposure of BCRP substrates following tafamidis or tafamidis meglumine administration. Dosage adjustment of these BCRP substrates may be necessary.

              • tucatinib

                tucatinib will increase the level or effect of tenofovir AF by P-glycoprotein (MDR1) efflux transporter. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider reducing the dosage of P-gp substrates, where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities.

              • voclosporin

                voclosporin, tenofovir AF. Either increases toxicity of the other by nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with drugs associated with nephrotoxicity may increase the risk for acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity.

              Minor (0)

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                Adverse Effects

                >10%

                Headache (9-12%)

                Bone mineral density decline (5-11%)

                1-10%

                Abdominal pain (7-9%)

                ALT >5 x ULN (8%)

                Cough (8%)

                Fatigue (6%)

                Nausea (6%)

                LDL-cholesterol fasted >190 mg/dL (6%)

                Back pain (6%)

                Glycosuria ≥3+ (5%)

                Nausea (5%)

                Arthralgia (5%)

                Diarrhea (5%)

                Dyspepsia (5%)

                AST >5 x ULN (3%)

                Creatine kinase ≥10 x ULN (3%)

                Serum amylase >2 x ULN (3%)

                Frequency Not Defined

                Severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis B in patients with HBV infection

                Postmarketing Reports

                Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Angioedema, urticaria

                Acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, proximal renal tubulopathy, and Fanconi syndrome

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                Warnings

                Black Box Warnings

                Hepatitis B exacerbation

                • Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B reported in patients who have discontinued therapy for hepatitis B
                • Hepatic function should be monitored closely with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who discontinue therapy
                • Resumption of therapy for hepatitis B may be warranted

                Contraindications

                None

                Cautions

                Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatalities, reported with nucleoside analogs, including tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in combination with other antiretrovirals; most were reported in women; obesity and prolonged nucleoside exposure may be risks factors (see Black Box Warnings)

                Discontinuation of antihepatitis B drugs may result in severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B (see Black Box Warnings); all patients should be tested for presence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) before or when initiating therapy

                Resumption of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted, in patients with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis, since posttreatment exacerbation of hepatitis may lead to hepatic decompensation and liver failure

                Due to risk of development of HIV-1 resistance, tenofovir AF alone is not recommended for treatment of HIV-1 infection; safety and efficacy have not been established in patients coinfected with HBV and HIV-1; perform HIV antibody testing on all HBV-infected patients before initiating therapy; if positive, use an appropriate antiretroviral combination regimen recommended for patients coinfected with HIV-1

                Persistent or worsening bone pain, pain in extremities, fractures and/or muscular pain or weakness may be manifestations of proximal renal tubulopathy and should prompt an evaluation of renal function in patients at risk of renal dysfunction

                Renal impairment

                • Renal impairment, including cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome (renal tubular injury with severe hypophosphatemia), reported with use of tenofovir prodrugs; this has not been observed with tenofovir AF in clinical trials
                • Patients taking tenofovir prodrugs who have impaired renal function and those taking nephrotoxic agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are at increased risk of developing renal-related adverse reactions
                • Prior to or when initiating therapy, and during treatment on a clinically appropriate schedule, assess serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, urine glucose, and urine protein in all patients
                • In patients with chronic kidney disease, also assess serum phosphorus; discontinue therapy in patients who develop clinically significant decreases in renal function or evidence of Fanconi syndrome
                • Lactic acidosis: Treatment should be suspended in any patient who develops clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity (which may include hepatomegaly and steatosis even in the absence of marked transaminase elevations)

                Drug interaction overview

                • P-gp and BCRP
                  • P-gp and BCRP substrate; drugs that strongly affect these transporters may lead to changes in tenofovir AF absorption
                  • Drugs that induce P-gp result in decreased tenofovir AF absorption and plasma concentrations, which may lead to loss of therapeutic effect (eg, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine, St John’s wort)
                  • Drugs that inhibit P-gp and BCRP may increase tenofovir AF absorption and plasma concentration
                • Drugs affecting renal function
                  • Postmarketing cases of renal impairment, including acute renal failure, proximal renal tubulopathy (PRT), and Fanconi syndrome reported with tenofovir AF-containing products
                  • Tenofovir is primarily excreted by the kidneys by a combination of glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion
                  • Coadministration of tenofovir AF with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase concentrations of tenofovir and other renally eliminated drugs, and this may increase the risk of adverse reactions
                  • Some examples include acyclovir, cidofovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, valganciclovir, aminoglycosides, high-dose or long-term NSAD use
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                Pregnancy & Lactation

                Pregnancy

                There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to drug during pregnancy; healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258- 4263

                Available data from the APR show no significant difference in overall risk of birth defects for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) compared with background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP); the rate of miscarriage is not reported in the APR

                In animal studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed when tenofovir alafenamide was administered during the period of organogenesis at exposure equal to or 51 times (rats and rabbits, respectively) the tenofovir alafenamide exposure at the recommended daily dose

                Lactation

                Unknown if distributed in human breast milk

                Consider the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding along with the mother’s clinical need for the drug, and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from the drug or from the underlying maternal condition

                Pregnancy Categories

                A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

                B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

                C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

                D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

                X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

                NA: Information not available.

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                Pharmacology

                Mechanism of Action

                Tenofovir alafenamide (AF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a phosphonamidate prodrug of tenofovir

                Compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF, Viread), tenofovir AF is a more targeted form of tenofovir that has demonstrated high antiviral efficacy at a dose that is 10 times lower than tenofovir DF, as well as an improved renal and bone safety profile

                Tenofovir AF as a lipophilic cell-permeant compound enters primary hepatocytes by passive diffusion and by the hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 and is converted to tenofovir diphosphate

                Tenofovir diphosphate inhibits HBV replication through incorporation into viral DNA by the HBV reverse transcriptase, which results in DNA chain-termination

                Absorption

                Peak plasma time: ~30 minutes

                Distribution

                Protein bound: 80%

                Metabolism

                Converted from tenofovir AF to tenofovir through hydrolysis primarily by carboxyesterase 1 (CES1) in primary hepatocytes

                Intracellular tenofovir is subsequently phosphorylated by cellular kinases to the pharmacologically active metabolite tenofovir diphosphate

                Also metabolized by Cathepsin A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)

                CYP3A: Minimal

                Elimination

                Half-life: 0.5 hr

                Excretion: <1% urine; 31.7% feces

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                Administration

                Oral Administration

                Take with food

                Inform patients to take on a regular dosing schedule and to avoid missing doses, as it can result in development of resistance

                Storage

                Store at controlled room temperature <30°C (86°F)

                Keep container tightly closed

                Dispense only in original container

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                Images

                BRAND FORM. UNIT PRICE PILL IMAGE
                Vemlidy oral
                -
                25 mg tablet

                Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

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                Formulary

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                Tier Description
                1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
                2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
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                Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.