bupivacaine implant (Rx)

Brand and Other Names:XaraColl

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

surgical implant

  • 100mg/implant
  • Each single-dose package (pouch) contains 3 implants totaling 300 mg

Postsurgical Analgesia

Indicated for management of postsurgical pain after open inguinal hernia surgery

Single dose of 300 mg (3 x 100-mg implants)

Doses >300 mg not studied in clinical trials

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment

  • Bupivacaine is substantially excreted by the kidneys
  • Consider increased monitoring for local anesthetic systemic toxicity

Hepatic impairment

  • Amide-type local anesthetics (eg, bupivacaine) are metabolized by the liver
  • Moderate-to-severe: Consider increased monitoring for local anesthetic systemic toxicity

Dosing Considerations

Safety and efficacy not established in other surgical procedures (eg, orthopedic and boney procedures)

Safety and efficacy not established

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Interactions

Interaction Checker

and bupivacaine implant

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    Interactions Found

    Contraindicated

      Serious - Use Alternative

        Significant - Monitor Closely

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            Contraindicated (0)

              Serious - Use Alternative (16)

              • benzocaine

                benzocaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • benzydamine

                benzydamine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • bupivacaine

                bupivacaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

                bupivacaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • bupivacaine liposome

                bupivacaine liposome, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

                bupivacaine liposome, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • chloroprocaine

                chloroprocaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

                chloroprocaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • cocaine topical

                cocaine topical, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • dibucaine topical ointment

                dibucaine topical ointment, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • lidocaine anesthetic

                lidocaine anesthetic, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

                lidocaine anesthetic, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • lidocaine rectal

                lidocaine rectal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • lidocaine topical

                lidocaine topical, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • lidocaine transdermal

                lidocaine transdermal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • mepivacaine

                mepivacaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

                mepivacaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • phenol oropharyngeal

                phenol oropharyngeal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • prilocaine

                prilocaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              • ropivacaine

                ropivacaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

                ropivacaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • tetracaine

                tetracaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr following bupivacaine implantation. If use of additional local anesthetics is unavoidable based on clinical need, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

              Monitor Closely (59)

              • acetaminophen

                acetaminophen, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • amobarbital

                amobarbital, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • amyl nitrite

                amyl nitrite, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • artemether

                artemether, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • artemether/lumefantrine

                artemether/lumefantrine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • artesunate

                artesunate, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • atovaquone

                atovaquone, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • benzocaine

                benzocaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • benzydamine

                benzydamine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • chloroquine

                chloroquine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • cocaine topical

                cocaine topical, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • cyclophosphamide

                cyclophosphamide, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • dapsone

                dapsone, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • dibucaine topical ointment

                dibucaine topical ointment, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • flutamide

                flutamide, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • hydroxychloroquine sulfate

                hydroxychloroquine sulfate, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • hydroxyurea

                hydroxyurea, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • ifosfamide

                ifosfamide, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • isosorbide dinitrate

                isosorbide dinitrate, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • isosorbide mononitrate

                isosorbide mononitrate, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • lidocaine rectal

                lidocaine rectal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • lidocaine topical

                lidocaine topical, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • lidocaine transdermal

                lidocaine transdermal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • mefloquine

                mefloquine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • methohexital

                methohexital, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • metoclopramide

                metoclopramide, bupivacaine implant. Either increases levels of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitric oxide gas

                nitric oxide gas, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitrofurantoin

                nitrofurantoin, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroglycerin IV

                nitroglycerin IV, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroglycerin PO

                nitroglycerin PO, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroglycerin sublingual

                nitroglycerin sublingual, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroglycerin topical

                nitroglycerin topical, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroglycerin transdermal

                nitroglycerin transdermal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroglycerin translingual

                nitroglycerin translingual, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroglycerin transmucosal

                nitroglycerin transmucosal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitroprusside sodium

                nitroprusside sodium, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • nitrous oxide

                nitrous oxide, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • pentaerythritol tetranitrate

                pentaerythritol tetranitrate, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • pentobarbital

                pentobarbital, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • phenelzine

                phenelzine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • phenobarbital

                phenobarbital, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • phenol oropharyngeal

                phenol oropharyngeal, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • prilocaine

                prilocaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • primaquine

                primaquine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • primidone

                primidone, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • proguanil

                proguanil, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • pyrimethamine

                pyrimethamine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine

                pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • quinidine

                quinidine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • quinine

                quinine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • rasburicase

                rasburicase, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • riluzole

                riluzole, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • secobarbital

                secobarbital, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • sulfadiazine

                sulfadiazine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • sulfasalazine

                sulfasalazine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • sulfisoxazole

                sulfisoxazole, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • tafenoquine

                tafenoquine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases effects of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • tetracaine

                tetracaine, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              • trazodone

                trazodone, bupivacaine implant. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Local anesthetics may increase the risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to drugs that also cause methemoglobinemia.

              Minor (0)

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                Adverse Effects

                >10%

                Incision site swelling (14.6%)

                1-10%

                Dysgeusia (7.5%)

                Postprocedural discharge (4.9%)

                Headache (4.1%)

                Tremor (3.6%)

                Blurred vision (3.6%)

                Seroma (2.9%)

                Scrotal swelling (2.9%)

                Pyrexia (2.4%)

                Oral hypoesthesia (2.2%)

                Postmarketing Reports

                Nervous system disorders: Restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, tremors, convulsions, drowsiness, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest, nausea, vomiting, chills, pupillary constriction

                Neurological effects following routes of administration other than epidural or caudal have included persistent anesthesia, paresthesia, weakness, and paralysis, all with slow, incomplete, or no recovery

                Cardiovascular (high doses): Myocardial depression, decreased cardiac output, heart block, hypotension, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, and cardiac arrest

                Immune system disorders: Urticaria, pruritus, erythema, angioneurotic edema (including laryngeal edema), tachycardia, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, syncope, excessive sweating, elevated temperature, and severe hypotension; cross-sensitivity among members of amide-type local anesthetic group reported

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                Warnings

                Contraindications

                Hypersensitivity to any amide-type local anesthetic or any component of the implant

                Obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia; use of bupivacaine in this technique has resulted in fetal bradycardia and death

                Cautions

                Caution with hepatic impairment; amide local anesthetics are metabolized by the liver; monitor for systemic toxicity with moderate-to-severe liver impairment

                Patients with impaired cardiovascular function (eg, hypotension, heart block) may be less able to compensate for functional changes associated with prolonged atrioventricular conduction produced by bupivacaine; monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG

                Safety and efficacy in surgical procedures other than open inguinal hernia repair are not established; not approved for other surgical procedures (eg, orthopedic procedures); a study evaluating osteotomy in rats demonstrated inhibition of bone healing

                Methemoglobinemia

                • Local anesthetics may cause methemoglobinemia; signs may occur immediately or may be delayed some hours after exposure and are characterized by a cyanotic skin discoloration and/or abnormal coloration of the blood; immediate treatment is required to avert more serious CNS and cardiovascular adverse effects, including seizures, coma, arrhythmias, and death
                • Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, infants under 6 months of age, and concurrent exposure to oxidizing agents or their metabolites are at higher risk; if local anesthetics must be used in these patients, monitor closely for signs and symptoms
                • Methemoglobin levels may continue to rise; initiate treatment immediately
                • Depending on severity of signs and symptoms, patients may respond to supportive care, including oxygen therapy, hydration; a severe clinical presentation may require treatment with methylene blue, exchange transfusion, or hyperbaric oxygen

                Dose-related toxicity

                • Avoid additional local anesthetics within 96 hr after bupivacaine implant placement
                • Monitor for neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory symptoms related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity
                • Early warning signs of CNS toxicity may include restlessness, anxiety, incoherent speech, lightheadedness, numbness and tingling of the mouth and lips, metallic taste, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, twitching, CNS depression, or drowsiness
                • Delay in proper management of dose-related toxicity, underventilation from any cause, and/or altered sensitivity may lead to acidosis, cardiac arrest, and, possibly, death
                • Consider surgically removing implant depending on clinical situation

                Drug interaction overview

                • Local anesthetics
                  • Avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr after bupivacaine implant placement
                  • Toxic effects of local anesthetics are additive
                  • If additional local anesthetic administration cannot be avoided, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity
                • Drugs associated with methemoglobinemia
                  • Additive risk of methemoglobinemia if coadministered with other drugs that increase risk
                  • Local anesthetics may increase risk of methemoglobinemia
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                Pregnancy & Lactation

                Pregnancy

                Data are not available

                Based on animal data, advise pregnant females of potential risks to fetus

                Animal studies

                • Embryofetal lethality was noted when bupivacaine was administered SC to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at clinically relevant doses
                • Decreased pup survival observed in a rat prenatal and postnatal developmental study (dosing from implantation through weaning) at dose level comparable to the daily maximum recommended human dose

                Labor or delivery

                • Local anesthetics rapidly cross the placenta
                • Incidence and degree of toxicity depend on procedure performed, type and amount of drug used, and technique of drug administration
                • Adverse reactions in parturient, fetus, and neonate can involve alterations of the CNS, peripheral vascular tone, and cardiac function

                Lactation

                Excreted in human milk

                Data are not available on effects in breastfed infants or on milk production

                Pregnancy Categories

                A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

                B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

                C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

                D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

                X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

                NA: Information not available.

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                Pharmacology

                Mechanism of Action

                Collagen-matrix implant that delivers bupivacaine to the surgical site

                Local anesthetic; blocks generation and conduction of nerve impulses presumably by increasing the electrical excitation threshold in the nerve, slowing nerve impulse propagation, and reducing the rate of action potential rise

                Absorption

                Peak plasma time: 3 hr

                Peak plasma concentration: 663 ng/mL

                AUC: 19,493-20,368 hr⋅ngmL

                Distribution

                Protein bound: 95%

                Crosses placenta by passive diffusion

                Metabolism

                Primarily in liver via conjugation with glucuronic acid

                Metabolite: Pipecoloxylidine

                Elimination

                Half-life: 19 hr

                Excretion: Primarily via kidneys (6% unchanged)

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                Administration

                Compatibility

                Administration of additional local anesthetics, including bupivacaine, into surgical site with implant has not been studied

                Studies conducted demonstrated that commonly used surgical materials (nonabsorbable surgical suture, delayed absorbable surgical suture, and surgical mesh) are not affected by bupivacaine implant

                Allow surgical site to dry before placing bupivacaine implants if topical antiseptic (eg, povidone iodine) applied

                Implant Preparation

                Administered by or under supervision of experienced clinicians versed in the diagnosis and management of dose-related toxicity and other acute emergencies arising from bupivacaine exposure

                Local anesthetic effects are additive; avoid additional local anesthetic administration within 96 hr after implantation; if additional local anesthetic administration cannot be avoided based on clinical need, monitor patients for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity

                Immediate availability of oxygen, other resuscitative drugs, CPR equipment, and personnel needed for proper management of toxic reactions and related emergencies

                Inspect outer pouch and inner blister before use; do not use if packaging compromised

                Aseptically peel open package to remove the 3 inner blister packages containing the implant; to avoid cutting implants before placement, do not open the blister packaging using scissors or a scalpel

                Carefully remove from inner blister packages and inspect each implant before use

                Implant is white to off-white in color, has uniform thickness, and is ~5-cm x 5-cm x 0.5-cm in size

                Do not use if implant appears discolored, contains foreign particulates, or is collapsed, compressed, or misshapen

                Avoid excessive handling and compression

                Using aseptic technique, cut each implant in half before placement into the surgical site

                Implant Administration

                Place halved implants into the surgical site dry; avoid contact of implant with liquids before placement; premoistening may result in premature release of bupivacaine from implant

                Place 3 halves below site of mesh placement and 3 halves just below the skin closure

                Implant may become difficult to move once placed in surgical site and moistened; use care when moving implant after placement

                Storage

                Store at 20-25ºC (68-77ºF), excursions permitted to 15-30ºC (59-86ºF)

                Brief exposure to temperatures up to 40ºC (104ºF) may be tolerated provided the mean kinetic temperature does not exceed 25ºC (77ºF); however, such exposure should be minimized

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                Formulary

                FormularyPatient Discounts

                Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

                To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

                Adding plans allows you to:

                • View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
                • Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
                • Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
                • Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

                The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

                Tier Description
                1 This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
                2 This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
                3 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
                4 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                5 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                6 This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
                NC NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.
                Code Definition
                PA Prior Authorization
                Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
                QL Quantity Limits
                Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
                ST Step Therapy
                Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
                OR Other Restrictions
                Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.
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                Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.