Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
tablet
- 600mg
intravenous solution
- 150mg/15mL 0.9% NaCl (further dilution required)
Community Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Indicated for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in adults caused by susceptible microorganisms
150 mg IV q12hr x 5-7 days OR
600 mg PO q12 hr x 5 days
May switch from IV to oral to complete treatment course
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment
- No dosage adjustment required with renal impairment, including patients on hemodialysis
Hepatic impairment
-
Tablets
- Mild (Child-Pugh A): No dose adjustment required
- Moderate or severe (Child-Pugh B or C): Not recommended; not studied
-
IV
- Mild or moderate (Child-Pugh A or B): No dose adjustment required
- Severe (Child-Pugh C): Reduce to 150 mg IV qDay
Dosing Considerations
Susceptible bacteria
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates)
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Legionella pneumophila
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Measures to reduce development of drug-resistant bacteria
- Use only to treat or prevent infections proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria susceptible to lefamulin
- Consider culture and susceptibility information (when available) to select or modify antibacterial therapy
- In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to empiric therapy selection
Safety and efficacy not established
Adverse Effects
>10%
Diarrhea (12%)
1-10%
Hepatic enzyme elevation (2-3%)
Nausea (3-5%)
Hypokalemia (3%)
Insomnia (3%)
Vomiting (3%)
Headache (2%)
<2%
- Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Anemia, thrombocytopenia
- Cardiac disorders: Atrial fibrillation, palpitations
- Gastrointestinal disorders: Abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, epigastric discomfort, erosive gastritis
- Infections and infestations: Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile colitis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis
- Investigations: Alkaline phosphatase increased, creatine phosphokinase increased, electrocardiogram QT prolonged, gamma-glutamyl transferase increased
- Nervous system disorders: Somnolence
- Psychiatric disorders: Anxiety
- Renal and urinary disorders: Urinary retention
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Coadministration with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates that prolong QT interval
Cautions
Prescribing antibiotics in the absence of proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection increases risk of drug-resistant bacteria developing
C difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including lefamulin; if suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibacterial drug use not directed against C difficile may need to be discontinued and treatment modalities specific for C difficile initiated; evaluate patients who develop diarrhea
Based on animal studies, may cause fetal harm
QT prolongation
- Potential to prolong QT interval
- Avoid in patients with known QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias including torsades de pointes, or receiving other drugs known to prolong QT interval (eg, Class IA or Class III antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, erythromycin, pimozide, moxifloxacin, TCAs)
- In patients with hepatic impairment or renal failure who require dialysis, metabolic disturbances associated with renal failure may lead to QT prolongation
- If unable to avoid use in specific populations predisposed to QT prolongation or those receiving another drug that prolongs the QT interval, ECG monitoring is recommended during treatment
- The magnitude of QT prolongation may increase with increasing lefamulin concentrations or increasing IV infusion rate; do not exceed recommended dose or infusion rate
Drug interactions overview
- Lefamulin is a CYP3A4 and P-gp substrate; it is also a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor
- Strong or moderate CYP3A or P-gp inducers: Avoid coadministration
- Strong CYP3A or P-gp inhibitors: Avoid coadministration
- Moderate CYP3A or P-gp inhibitors: Monitor for lefamulin adverse effects
- Sensitive CYP3A4 substrates that prolong QT interval: Contraindicated
- Other sensitive CYP3A4 substrates: Monitor for adverse effects of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates if coadministered with lefamulin tablets (injection does not affect exposure of CYP3A4 substrates
- Other drugs that prolong QT interval: If unable to avoid, ECG monitoring is recommended during treatment
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
Based on animal studies, may cause fetal harm
Verify pregnancy status in women of reproductive potential before starting treatment
Animal studies
- Animal studies indicate that IV administration during organogenesis resulted in an increased incidence of prenatal mortality at mean maternal exposures 0.9 times the mean exposure in clinical patients (based on AUC[0-24h]), decreased fetal body weights, apparent delay in sexual maturation that suggests treatment-related developmental delay, and malformations
Contraception
- Advise females of reproductive potential to use contraception during treatment and for 2 days after final dose
Lactation
No data are available on the presence of lefamulin in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production
Available data in animals have shown lefamulin excreted in milk
If a drug is present in animal milk, it is likely the drug will be present in human milk
Owing to the potential for serious adverse effects, instruct lactating women to pump and discard milk for the duration of treatment and for 2 days after final dose
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Pleuromutilin antibacterial; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through interactions (hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and Van der Waals forces) with the A- and P-sites of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) in domain V of the 23s rRNA of the 50S subunit
Absorption
- Oral bioavailability: ~25%
- Peak plasma time: 0.88-2 hr (PO)
Peak plasma concentration, steady-state
- IV: 3.6 mcg/mL
- PO: 2.24 mcg/mL; decreased by 22.9% with food
AUC, steady-state
- IV: 28.6 mcgh/mL
- PO: 32.7 mcgh/mL; decreased by 18.43% with food
Distribution
Protein bound: 94.8-97.1%
Vd: 86.1 L
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized by CYP3A4
Elimination
Half-life: 8 hr
Total body clearance: 11.9 L/hr
Excretion
-
IV
- Feces: 77.3% (4.2-9.1% unchanged)
- Urine: 15.5% (9.6-14.1% unchanged)
-
PO
- Feces: 88.5% (7.8-24.8% unchanged)
- Urine: 5.3%
Administration
IV Preparation
Further dilution required
- Dilute vial contents (ie, 150mg/15mL) in the supplied diluent bag containing 250 mL of 10 mM citrate buffered 0.9% NaCl
- Visually inspect diluent bag for particulate matter and discoloration; use only if solution is clear and container is undamaged
- Do not use diluent bag in series connections
- Do not add other additives to the diluent bag; compatibilities not established
IV Administration
Infuse IV over 1 hr
Oral Administration
Administer tablet at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals
Swallow tablets whole with water (6-8 oz); do not crush or divide
Missed Dose
>8 hr before next scheduled dose: Take missed dose as soon as possible
<8 hr before next scheduled dose: Do not take the missed dose; resume dosing at the next scheduled dose
Storage
Tablets: Store at room temperature of 20-25ºC (68-77ºF); excursions permitted to 15-30ºC (59-86ºF)
IV
-
Before dilution
- Vials: Refrigerate at 2-8ºC (36-46ºF); do not freeze
- Diluent bags: Store at 20-25ºC (68-77ºF); excursions permitted to 15-30ºC (59-86ºF)
-
After dilution
- Room temperature: Up to 24 hr
- Refrigerated at 2-8ºC (36-46ºF): Up to 48 hr
Images
Formulary
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