liraglutide/insulin degludec (Rx)

Dosage forms & Strengths

liraglutide/insulin degludec

SC injection

• 3.6mg/100units per mL
• Available as a 3-mL single-use pen

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The pen delivers doses from 10-50 units with each injection

Each dosage unit contains 1 unit of insulin degludec and 0.036 mg of liraglutide

Use alternative antidiabetic products if patients require a daily dosage persistently below 16 units or over 50 units

Starting dose

• Discontinue basal insulin or GLP-1 agonist before initiating liraglutide/insulin degludec
• Patients who are naïve to basal insulin or GLP-1 agonists: insulin degludec 10 units/liraglutide 0.36 mg SC qDay
• Patients currently on basal insulin or a GLP-1 agonist: insulin degludec 16 units/liraglutide 0.58 mg SC qDay

Dose titration

• May titrate dose upwards or downwards by 2 units every 3-4 days based on the patient’s metabolic needs, blood glucose monitoring results, and glycemic control goal until the desired fasting plasma glucose is achieved

• To minimize the risk of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, additional titration may be needed

  • Changes in physical activity, meal patterns (ie, macronutrient content or timing of food intake), or renal or hepatic function
  • During acute illness
  • When used with other medications

Dosage Modifications

Renal impairment

• Severe (liraglutide/insulin degludec): Not studied
• Liraglutide: Postmarketing reports in patients with severe renal impairment of acute renal failure and worsening of chronic renal failure, which may sometimes require hemodialysis

Hepatic impairment

• Not studied

Dosing Considerations

Limitations of use

• Not recommended as first-line therapy for patients who have inadequate glycemic control on diet and exercise because of the uncertain relevance of the rodent C-cell tumor findings to humans
• Not recommended in combination with any other product containing liraglutide or another GLP-1 receptor agonist
• Not indicated for type 1 diabetes mellitus or treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis
• Has not been studied in combination with prandial insulin

Safety and efficacy not established

Initial dosing, dose increments, and maintenance dosage should be conservative to avoid hypoglycemic reactions

Hypoglycemia may be more difficult to recognize in elderly individuals

Contraindicated (0)

Serious - Use Alternative (2)

• ethanol

  ethanol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Alcohol may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; alcohol may decrease endogenous glucose production (increased hypoglycemia risk) or worsen glycemic control by adding calories.

• macimorelin

  insulin degludec, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that may transiently elevate growth hormone (GH) concentrations may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin.

Monitor Closely (232)

• acarbose

  liraglutide, acarbose. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  acarbose, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• acebutolol

  acebutolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• aripiprazole

  aripiprazole, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• albiglutide

  albiglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• alogliptin

  alogliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• aripiprazole

  aripiprazole decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• asenapine

  asenapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  asenapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• aspirin

  aspirin increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• atazanavir

  atazanavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• atazanavir

  atazanavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• atenolol

  atenolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• atorvastatin

  liraglutide will decrease the level or effect of atorvastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Based on pharmacokinetic studies liraglutide decreased atorvastatin Cmax by 38% and median Tmax delayed from 1h to 3h with liraglutide and the AUC did not change.

• azilsartan

  azilsartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  azilsartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  azilsartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.

• bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens

  bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• benazepril

  benazepril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced hypoglycemic effects; Monitor blood glucose.

• benazepril

  benazepril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• bendroflumethiazide

  bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• betamethasone

  betamethasone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  betamethasone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• betaxolol

  betaxolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• candesartan

  candesartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.

• bexagliflozin

  bexagliflozin increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with bexagliflozin.

• bisoprolol

  bisoprolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• bumetanide

  bumetanide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• canagliflozin

  canagliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• candesartan

  candesartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  candesartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• captopril

  captopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose.
  
  captopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• cariprazine

  cariprazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• chlorothiazide

  chlorothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• carvedilol

  carvedilol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• chlorothiazide

  chlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• chlorpromazine

  chlorpromazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.
  
  chlorpromazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.

• chlorpropamide

  chlorpropamide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, chlorpropamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• chlorthalidone

  chlorthalidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.
  
  chlorthalidone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• chromium

  chromium, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• cinnamon

  cinnamon increases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.

• clonidine

  clonidine, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Clonidine may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of antidiabetic agents; clonidine may also mask hypoglycemic symptoms.

• clozapine

  clozapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  clozapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• conjugated estrogens

  conjugated estrogens decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  conjugated estrogens decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• conjugated estrogens, vaginal

  conjugated estrogens, vaginal decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• corticotropin

  corticotropin decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• cortisone

  cortisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  cortisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• danazol

  danazol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Danazol may cause insulin resistance.

• darunavir

  darunavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• dapagliflozin

  dapagliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• darunavir

  darunavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• deflazacort

  insulin degludec and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• desogestrel

  desogestrel decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• dexamethasone

  dexamethasone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  dexamethasone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• diazoxide

  diazoxide decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Diazoxide increases blood glucose by inhibiting pancreatic insulin release and stimulating catecholamines release.

• drospirenone

  drospirenone decreases effects of liraglutide by passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• dichlorphenamide

  dichlorphenamide and insulin degludec both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dienogest/estradiol valerate

  dienogest/estradiol valerate decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens and progesterones may impair glucose tolerance.

• disopyramide

  disopyramide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  disopyramide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and disopyramide may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• droxidopa

  droxidopa decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• dulaglutide

  dulaglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• empagliflozin

  empagliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with SGLT2 inhibitors.

• enalapril

  enalapril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  enalapril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• ephedrine

  ephedrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• eprosartan

  eprosartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.

• epinephrine

  epinephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• eprosartan

  eprosartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  eprosartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• ertugliflozin

  ertugliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with ertugliflozin.

• erythromycin base

  erythromycin base, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• esmolol

  esmolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• estradiol

  estradiol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  estradiol decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estradiol may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estradiol combos

  estradiol combos decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estrogens conjugated synthetic

  estrogens conjugated synthetic decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.

• estrogens conjugated synthetic

  estrogens conjugated synthetic decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estrogens esterified

  estrogens esterified decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estropipate

  estropipate decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estropipate may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• ethacrynic acid

  ethacrynic acid decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• ethinylestradiol

  ethinylestradiol decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
  
  ethinylestradiol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.

• etonogestrel

  etonogestrel decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Etonogestrel may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
  
  etonogestrel decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• exenatide injectable solution

  exenatide injectable solution, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• fludrocortisone

  fludrocortisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• exenatide injectable suspension

  exenatide injectable suspension, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• fenofibrate

  fenofibrate, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• fenofibrate micronized

  fenofibrate micronized, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• fenofibric acid

  fenofibric acid, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• fludrocortisone

  fludrocortisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• fluoxetine

  fluoxetine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  fluoxetine increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and fluoxetine may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• fluphenazine

  fluphenazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.
  
  fluphenazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• fosamprenavir

  fosamprenavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.
  
  fosamprenavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• fosinopril

  fosinopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .
  
  fosinopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• furosemide

  furosemide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• glimepiride

  liraglutide, glimepiride. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• gemfibrozil

  gemfibrozil, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• glimepiride

  glimepiride, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• glipizide

  glipizide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• glucagon

  glucagon decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

• glyburide

  liraglutide, glyburide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• glucagon intranasal

  glucagon intranasal decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

• glyburide

  glyburide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• hydrocortisone

  hydrocortisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  hydrocortisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• hydroxyprogesterone caproate

  hydroxyprogesterone caproate decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• iloperidone

  iloperidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• iloperidone

  iloperidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• indapamide

  indapamide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  indapamide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• indinavir

  indinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  indinavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• insulin aspart

  liraglutide, insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• irbesartan

  irbesartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  irbesartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart

  liraglutide, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin degludec

  liraglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin degludec/insulin aspart

  liraglutide, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin detemir

  liraglutide, insulin detemir. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin glargine

  liraglutide, insulin glargine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin glulisine

  liraglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin inhaled

  liraglutide, insulin inhaled. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin isophane human/insulin regular human

  liraglutide, insulin isophane human/insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin lispro

  liraglutide, insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro

  liraglutide, insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin NPH

  liraglutide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin regular human

  liraglutide, insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• irbesartan

  irbesartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.

• isocarboxazid

  isocarboxazid, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• isoniazid

  isoniazid decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Isoniazid may increase blood glucose (rare).

• labetalol

  labetalol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• lanreotide

  lanreotide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  lanreotide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• levonorgestrel intrauterine

  levonorgestrel intrauterine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• levonorgestrel oral

  levonorgestrel oral decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  levonorgestrel oral decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• levothyroxine

  levothyroxine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• lisinopril

  lisinopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• linagliptin

  linagliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• liothyronine

  liothyronine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• liotrix

  liotrix decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• liraglutide

  liraglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• lisinopril

  lisinopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• lithium

  lithium, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Lithium may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of antidiabetic agents.
  
  lithium, insulin degludec. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lithium salts may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.

• lixisenatide (DSC)

  lixisenatide (DSC), insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Risk of hypoglycemia increased when coadministered with basal insulins. Basal insulin dose reduction may be required.

• lonapegsomatropin

  lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.
  
  lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.

• lopinavir

  lopinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• losartan

  losartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  losartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• losartan

  losartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.

• lurasidone

  lurasidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  lurasidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• magnesium salicylate

  magnesium salicylate increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• medroxyprogesterone

  medroxyprogesterone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Medroxyprogesterone may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• mecasermin

  mecasermin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• medroxyprogesterone

  medroxyprogesterone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• megestrol

  megestrol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• mestranol

  mestranol decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• metformin

  liraglutide, metformin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  metformin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• methyclothiazide

  methyclothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  methyclothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• methylprednisolone

  methylprednisolone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  methylprednisolone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• methyltestosterone

  methyltestosterone increases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. It is important to monitor all patients with type 2 diabetes on antidiabetic agents receiving androgens for changes in glycemic control. Potential for hypoglycemia.

• metoclopramide intranasal

  metoclopramide intranasal increases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Increased GI motility by metoclopramide may increase delivery of food to the intestines and increase blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose and adjust insulin dosage regimen as needed.

• metolazone

  metolazone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  metolazone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• metoprolol

  metoprolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• miglitol

  liraglutide, miglitol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• miglitol

  miglitol, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• moexipril

  moexipril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  moexipril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• nadolol

  nadolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• nateglinide

  liraglutide, nateglinide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• nateglinide

  nateglinide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• nebivolol

  nebivolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• nelfinavir

  nelfinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  nelfinavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• niacin

  niacin decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and niacin may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• norethindrone acetate

  norethindrone acetate decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• norepinephrine

  norepinephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• norethindrone

  norethindrone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• norethindrone acetate

  norethindrone acetate decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• norethindrone transdermal

  norethindrone transdermal decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• norgestimate

  norgestimate decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• octreotide

  octreotide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  octreotide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• olanzapine

  olanzapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  olanzapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• olmesartan

  olmesartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  olmesartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  olmesartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• paliperidone

  paliperidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
  
  paliperidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• pasireotide

  pasireotide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  pasireotide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• pegvisomant

  pegvisomant increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Pegvisomant may increase glucose tolerance. Dosage reductions of antidiabetic agents may be needed to avoid potential hypoglycemia.

• penbutolol

  penbutolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• pentamidine

  pentamidine, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Pentamidine may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of antidiabetic agents; pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia.
  
  pentamidine, insulin degludec. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Pentamidine may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia followed by the opposing effect. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.

• pentoxifylline

  pentoxifylline, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• perindopril

  perindopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  perindopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• perphenazine

  perphenazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.
  
  perphenazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• phenelzine

  phenelzine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• pioglitazone

  liraglutide, pioglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• phenylephrine

  phenylephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• pindolol

  pindolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• pioglitazone

  pioglitazone, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• pramlintide

  liraglutide, pramlintide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  pramlintide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Pramlintide is indicated to be used in combination with insulin; however, pamlintide increases risk of insulin-induced hypoglycemia; reduce prandial insulin dose when initiating pramlintide.

• prednisolone

  prednisolone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  prednisolone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• prednisone

  prednisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  prednisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• prochlorperazine

  prochlorperazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.
  
  prochlorperazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.

• progesterone intravaginal gel

  progesterone intravaginal gel decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• promethazine

  promethazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• progesterone micronized

  progesterone micronized decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• propranolol

  propranolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• pseudoephedrine

  pseudoephedrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• quetiapine

  quetiapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
  
  quetiapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• quinapril

  quinapril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .
  
  quinapril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• ramipril

  ramipril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  ramipril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• repaglinide

  liraglutide, repaglinide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• risperidone

  risperidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• risperidone

  risperidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• ritonavir

  ritonavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  ritonavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• rosiglitazone

  rosiglitazone, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, rosiglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  sacubitril/valsartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• salsalate

  salsalate increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• saquinavir

  saquinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• saquinavir

  saquinavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• saxagliptin

  liraglutide, saxagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  saxagliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• semaglutide

  semaglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with GLP-1 agonists may increase hypoglycemia risk. Lowering the insulin dose may reduce hypoglycemia risk.

• sitagliptin

  liraglutide, sitagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• sitagliptin

  sitagliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• somapacitan

  somapacitan decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .
  
  somapacitan decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .

• somatropin

  somatropin decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Somatropin may potentially diminish hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agent. May consider modifying therapy.
  
  somatropin decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Growth hormone decreases insulin sensitivity by opposing the effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism.

• sotalol

  sotalol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• telmisartan

  telmisartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.

• sulfadiazine

  sulfadiazine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  sulfadiazine increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• sulfisoxazole

  sulfisoxazole, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  sulfisoxazole increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• telmisartan

  telmisartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  telmisartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• testosterone

  testosterone increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• testosterone buccal system

  testosterone buccal system increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• testosterone intranasal

  testosterone intranasal increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• testosterone topical

  testosterone topical increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• thioridazine

  thioridazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.
  
  thioridazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• thyroid desiccated

  thyroid desiccated decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• tipranavir

  tipranavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• timolol

  timolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• tipranavir

  tipranavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• tolazamide

  liraglutide, tolazamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .
  
  tolazamide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• tolbutamide

  liraglutide, tolbutamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .
  
  tolbutamide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• torsemide

  torsemide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• trandolapril

  trandolapril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• tranylcypromine

  tranylcypromine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.

• trifluoperazine

  trifluoperazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.
  
  trifluoperazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• valsartan

  valsartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  valsartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  valsartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• ziprasidone

  ziprasidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
  
  ziprasidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

Minor (5)

• acetaminophen

  liraglutide decreases levels of acetaminophen by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acetaminophen IV

  liraglutide decreases levels of acetaminophen IV by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• digoxin

  liraglutide decreases levels of digoxin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• lovastatin

  liraglutide decreases levels of lovastatin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• stevia

  stevia increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acarbose

  Monitor Closely (2)liraglutide, acarbose. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  acarbose, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• acebutolol

  Monitor Closely (1)acebutolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• acetaminophen

  Minor (1)liraglutide decreases levels of acetaminophen by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acetaminophen IV

  Minor (1)liraglutide decreases levels of acetaminophen IV by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• albiglutide

  Monitor Closely (1)albiglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• alogliptin

  Monitor Closely (1)alogliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• aripiprazole

  Monitor Closely (2)aripiprazole, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
  
  aripiprazole decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• asenapine

  Monitor Closely (2)asenapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  asenapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• aspirin

  Monitor Closely (1)aspirin increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• atazanavir

  Monitor Closely (2)atazanavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  atazanavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• atenolol

  Monitor Closely (1)atenolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• atorvastatin

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide will decrease the level or effect of atorvastatin by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Based on pharmacokinetic studies liraglutide decreased atorvastatin Cmax by 38% and median Tmax delayed from 1h to 3h with liraglutide and the AUC did not change.

• azilsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)azilsartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  azilsartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  azilsartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.

• bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens

  Monitor Closely (1)bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• benazepril

  Monitor Closely (2)benazepril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .
  
  benazepril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced hypoglycemic effects; Monitor blood glucose.

• bendroflumethiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)bendroflumethiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• betamethasone

  Monitor Closely (2)betamethasone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  betamethasone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• betaxolol

  Monitor Closely (1)betaxolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• bexagliflozin

  Monitor Closely (1)bexagliflozin increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with bexagliflozin.

• bisoprolol

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• bumetanide

  Monitor Closely (1)bumetanide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• canagliflozin

  Monitor Closely (1)canagliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• candesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)candesartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  candesartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  candesartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• captopril

  Monitor Closely (2)captopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .
  
  captopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose.

• cariprazine

  Monitor Closely (1)cariprazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• carvedilol

  Monitor Closely (1)carvedilol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• chlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (2)chlorothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  chlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• chlorpromazine

  Monitor Closely (2)chlorpromazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.
  
  chlorpromazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.

• chlorpropamide

  Monitor Closely (2)chlorpropamide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, chlorpropamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• chlorthalidone

  Monitor Closely (2)chlorthalidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.
  
  chlorthalidone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• chromium

  Monitor Closely (1)chromium, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• cinnamon

  Monitor Closely (1)cinnamon increases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Potential for hypoglycemia.

• clonidine

  Monitor Closely (1)clonidine, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Clonidine may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of antidiabetic agents; clonidine may also mask hypoglycemic symptoms.

• clozapine

  Monitor Closely (2)clozapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  clozapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• conjugated estrogens

  Monitor Closely (2)conjugated estrogens decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  conjugated estrogens decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• conjugated estrogens, vaginal

  Monitor Closely (1)conjugated estrogens, vaginal decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• corticotropin

  Monitor Closely (1)corticotropin decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• cortisone

  Monitor Closely (2)cortisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  cortisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• danazol

  Monitor Closely (1)danazol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Danazol may cause insulin resistance.

• dapagliflozin

  Monitor Closely (1)dapagliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• darunavir

  Monitor Closely (2)darunavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  darunavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• deflazacort

  Monitor Closely (1)insulin degludec and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• desogestrel

  Monitor Closely (1)desogestrel decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• dexamethasone

  Monitor Closely (2)dexamethasone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  dexamethasone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• diazoxide

  Monitor Closely (1)diazoxide decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Diazoxide increases blood glucose by inhibiting pancreatic insulin release and stimulating catecholamines release.

• dichlorphenamide

  Monitor Closely (1)dichlorphenamide and insulin degludec both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dienogest/estradiol valerate

  Monitor Closely (1)dienogest/estradiol valerate decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens and progesterones may impair glucose tolerance.

• digoxin

  Minor (1)liraglutide decreases levels of digoxin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• disopyramide

  Monitor Closely (2)disopyramide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and disopyramide may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  disopyramide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• drospirenone

  Monitor Closely (1)drospirenone decreases effects of liraglutide by passive renal tubular reabsorption due to increased pH. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• droxidopa

  Monitor Closely (1)droxidopa decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• dulaglutide

  Monitor Closely (1)dulaglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• empagliflozin

  Monitor Closely (1)empagliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with SGLT2 inhibitors.

• enalapril

  Monitor Closely (2)enalapril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  enalapril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• ephedrine

  Monitor Closely (1)ephedrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• epinephrine

  Monitor Closely (1)epinephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• eprosartan

  Monitor Closely (3)eprosartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  eprosartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  eprosartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• ertugliflozin

  Monitor Closely (1)ertugliflozin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Consider a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue to avoid hypoglycemia when coadministered with ertugliflozin.

• erythromycin base

  Monitor Closely (1)erythromycin base, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• esmolol

  Monitor Closely (1)esmolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• estradiol

  Monitor Closely (2)estradiol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  estradiol decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estradiol may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estradiol combos

  Monitor Closely (1)estradiol combos decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estrogens conjugated synthetic

  Monitor Closely (2)estrogens conjugated synthetic decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  estrogens conjugated synthetic decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estrogens esterified

  Monitor Closely (1)estrogens esterified decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• estropipate

  Monitor Closely (1)estropipate decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estropipate may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• ethacrynic acid

  Monitor Closely (1)ethacrynic acid decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• ethanol

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)ethanol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Alcohol may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; alcohol may decrease endogenous glucose production (increased hypoglycemia risk) or worsen glycemic control by adding calories.

• ethinylestradiol

  Monitor Closely (2)ethinylestradiol decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
  
  ethinylestradiol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Estrogens may impair glucose tolerance.

• etonogestrel

  Monitor Closely (2)etonogestrel decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Etonogestrel may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
  
  etonogestrel decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• exenatide injectable solution

  Monitor Closely (1)exenatide injectable solution, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• exenatide injectable suspension

  Monitor Closely (1)exenatide injectable suspension, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• fenofibrate

  Monitor Closely (1)fenofibrate, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• fenofibrate micronized

  Monitor Closely (1)fenofibrate micronized, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• fenofibric acid

  Monitor Closely (1)fenofibric acid, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• fludrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (2)fludrocortisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  fludrocortisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• fluoxetine

  Monitor Closely (2)fluoxetine increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and fluoxetine may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  fluoxetine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• fluphenazine

  Monitor Closely (2)fluphenazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.
  
  fluphenazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.

• fosamprenavir

  Monitor Closely (2)fosamprenavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.
  
  fosamprenavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• fosinopril

  Monitor Closely (2)fosinopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .
  
  fosinopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• furosemide

  Monitor Closely (1)furosemide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• gemfibrozil

  Monitor Closely (1)gemfibrozil, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• glimepiride

  Monitor Closely (2)glimepiride, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, glimepiride. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• glipizide

  Monitor Closely (2)glipizide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, glipizide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• glucagon

  Monitor Closely (1)glucagon decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

• glucagon intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)glucagon intranasal decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Endogenous glucagon is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous glucagon is often used to treat hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

• glyburide

  Monitor Closely (2)glyburide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, glyburide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .

• hydrochlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (2)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• hydrocortisone

  Monitor Closely (2)hydrocortisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  hydrocortisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• hydroxyprogesterone caproate

  Monitor Closely (1)hydroxyprogesterone caproate decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• iloperidone

  Monitor Closely (2)iloperidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  iloperidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• indapamide

  Monitor Closely (2)indapamide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  indapamide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• indinavir

  Monitor Closely (2)indinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  indinavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• insulin aspart

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin degludec

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin degludec/insulin aspart

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin detemir

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin detemir. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin glargine

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin glargine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin glulisine

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin glulisine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin inhaled. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin isophane human/insulin regular human

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin isophane human/insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin lispro

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin NPH

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin NPH. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• insulin regular human

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin regular human. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• irbesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)irbesartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  irbesartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  irbesartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• isocarboxazid

  Monitor Closely (1)isocarboxazid, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• isoniazid

  Monitor Closely (1)isoniazid decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Isoniazid may increase blood glucose (rare).

• labetalol

  Monitor Closely (1)labetalol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• lanreotide

  Monitor Closely (2)lanreotide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  lanreotide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• levonorgestrel intrauterine

  Monitor Closely (1)levonorgestrel intrauterine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• levonorgestrel oral

  Monitor Closely (2)levonorgestrel oral decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  levonorgestrel oral decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• levothyroxine

  Monitor Closely (1)levothyroxine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• linagliptin

  Monitor Closely (1)linagliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• liothyronine

  Monitor Closely (1)liothyronine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• liotrix

  Monitor Closely (1)liotrix decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• liraglutide

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• lisinopril

  Monitor Closely (2)lisinopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .
  
  lisinopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• lithium

  Monitor Closely (2)lithium, insulin degludec. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lithium salts may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  lithium, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Lithium may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of antidiabetic agents.

• lixisenatide (DSC)

  Monitor Closely (1)lixisenatide (DSC), insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Risk of hypoglycemia increased when coadministered with basal insulins. Basal insulin dose reduction may be required.

• lonapegsomatropin

  Monitor Closely (2)lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.
  
  lonapegsomatropin decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Closely monitor blood glucose when treated with antidiabetic agents. Lonapegsomatropin may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Patients with diabetes mellitus may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other antihyperglycemic agents.

• lopinavir

  Monitor Closely (1)lopinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• losartan

  Monitor Closely (3)losartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  losartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  losartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• lovastatin

  Minor (1)liraglutide decreases levels of lovastatin by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• lurasidone

  Monitor Closely (2)lurasidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  lurasidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• macimorelin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)insulin degludec, macimorelin. unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Drugs that may transiently elevate growth hormone (GH) concentrations may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin diagnostic test. Allow sufficient washout time of drugs affecting GH release before administering macimorelin.

• magnesium salicylate

  Monitor Closely (1)magnesium salicylate increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• mecasermin

  Monitor Closely (1)mecasermin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• medroxyprogesterone

  Monitor Closely (2)medroxyprogesterone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.
  
  medroxyprogesterone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Medroxyprogesterone may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• megestrol

  Monitor Closely (1)megestrol decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• mestranol

  Monitor Closely (1)mestranol decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• metformin

  Monitor Closely (2)liraglutide, metformin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  metformin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• methyclothiazide

  Monitor Closely (2)methyclothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  methyclothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• methylprednisolone

  Monitor Closely (2)methylprednisolone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  methylprednisolone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• methyltestosterone

  Monitor Closely (1)methyltestosterone increases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. It is important to monitor all patients with type 2 diabetes on antidiabetic agents receiving androgens for changes in glycemic control. Potential for hypoglycemia.

• metoclopramide intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)metoclopramide intranasal increases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Increased GI motility by metoclopramide may increase delivery of food to the intestines and increase blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose and adjust insulin dosage regimen as needed.

• metolazone

  Monitor Closely (2)metolazone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.
  
  metolazone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• metoprolol

  Monitor Closely (1)metoprolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• miglitol

  Monitor Closely (2)miglitol, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, miglitol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• moexipril

  Monitor Closely (2)moexipril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  moexipril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• nadolol

  Monitor Closely (1)nadolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• nateglinide

  Monitor Closely (2)nateglinide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, nateglinide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• nebivolol

  Monitor Closely (1)nebivolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• nelfinavir

  Monitor Closely (2)nelfinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  nelfinavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• niacin

  Monitor Closely (1)niacin decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and niacin may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.

• norepinephrine

  Monitor Closely (1)norepinephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• norethindrone

  Monitor Closely (1)norethindrone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• norethindrone acetate

  Monitor Closely (2)norethindrone acetate decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.
  
  norethindrone acetate decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• norethindrone transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)norethindrone transdermal decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• norgestimate

  Monitor Closely (1)norgestimate decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Oral contraceptives may decrease hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics by impairing glucose tolerance. Monitor for glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• octreotide

  Monitor Closely (2)octreotide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  octreotide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• olanzapine

  Monitor Closely (2)olanzapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  olanzapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• olmesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)olmesartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  olmesartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  olmesartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• paliperidone

  Monitor Closely (2)paliperidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
  
  paliperidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• pasireotide

  Monitor Closely (2)pasireotide increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and somatostatin analogs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  pasireotide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• pegvisomant

  Monitor Closely (1)pegvisomant increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Pegvisomant may increase glucose tolerance. Dosage reductions of antidiabetic agents may be needed to avoid potential hypoglycemia.

• penbutolol

  Monitor Closely (1)penbutolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• pentamidine

  Monitor Closely (2)pentamidine, insulin degludec. unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Pentamidine may cause either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia followed by the opposing effect. Insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  pentamidine, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Pentamidine may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of antidiabetic agents; pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia.

• pentoxifylline

  Monitor Closely (1)pentoxifylline, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• perindopril

  Monitor Closely (2)perindopril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  perindopril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• perphenazine

  Monitor Closely (2)perphenazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.
  
  perphenazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• phenelzine

  Monitor Closely (1)phenelzine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• phenylephrine

  Monitor Closely (1)phenylephrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• pindolol

  Monitor Closely (1)pindolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• pioglitazone

  Monitor Closely (2)pioglitazone, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, pioglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• pramlintide

  Monitor Closely (2)liraglutide, pramlintide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  pramlintide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Pramlintide is indicated to be used in combination with insulin; however, pamlintide increases risk of insulin-induced hypoglycemia; reduce prandial insulin dose when initiating pramlintide.

• prednisolone

  Monitor Closely (2)prednisolone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  prednisolone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .

• prednisone

  Monitor Closely (2)prednisone decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  prednisone decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Endogneous cortisol is a regulatory hormone that increases blood glucose levels; exogenous systemic corticosteroids have been associated with hyperglycemia and may cause diabetes with chronic, high dose use; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• prochlorperazine

  Monitor Closely (2)prochlorperazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.
  
  prochlorperazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.

• progesterone intravaginal gel

  Monitor Closely (1)progesterone intravaginal gel decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• progesterone micronized

  Monitor Closely (1)progesterone micronized decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Progestins may impair glucose tolerance.

• promethazine

  Monitor Closely (1)promethazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• propranolol

  Monitor Closely (1)propranolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• pseudoephedrine

  Monitor Closely (1)pseudoephedrine decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Sympathomimetics increase blood glucose by stimulating alpha and beta receptors; this action results in increased hepatic glucose production, glycogenolysis, and decreased insulin secretion.

• quetiapine

  Monitor Closely (2)quetiapine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
  
  quetiapine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• quinapril

  Monitor Closely (2)quinapril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .
  
  quinapril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• ramipril

  Monitor Closely (2)ramipril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.
  
  ramipril increases effects of liraglutide by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. ACE inhibitors may increase hypoglycemic effect. Monitor glycemic control especially during the first month of treatment with an ACE inhibitor. .

• repaglinide

  Monitor Closely (1)liraglutide, repaglinide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• risperidone

  Monitor Closely (2)risperidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.
  
  risperidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.

• ritonavir

  Monitor Closely (2)ritonavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  ritonavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• rosiglitazone

  Monitor Closely (2)rosiglitazone, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.
  
  liraglutide, rosiglitazone. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)sacubitril/valsartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• salsalate

  Monitor Closely (1)salsalate increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with high doses of salicylates (3 g/day or more) may increase risk for hypoglycemia. Insulin dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• saquinavir

  Monitor Closely (2)saquinavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.
  
  saquinavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .

• saxagliptin

  Monitor Closely (2)liraglutide, saxagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  saxagliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• semaglutide

  Monitor Closely (1)semaglutide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration of insulin with GLP-1 agonists may increase hypoglycemia risk. Lowering the insulin dose may reduce hypoglycemia risk.

• sitagliptin

  Monitor Closely (2)liraglutide, sitagliptin. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia; monitor glucose levels.
  
  sitagliptin, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• somapacitan

  Monitor Closely (2)somapacitan decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .
  
  somapacitan decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Growth hormone products may decrease insulin sensitivity, particularly at higher doses. Antidiabetic agents may require dose adjustment after initiating somapacitan. .

• somatropin

  Monitor Closely (2)somatropin decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Somatropin may potentially diminish hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agent. May consider modifying therapy.
  
  somatropin decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Growth hormone decreases insulin sensitivity by opposing the effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism.

• sotalol

  Monitor Closely (1)sotalol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• stevia

  Minor (1)stevia increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfadiazine

  Monitor Closely (2)sulfadiazine increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  sulfadiazine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• sulfisoxazole

  Monitor Closely (2)sulfisoxazole increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and sulfonamide antibiotics may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  sulfisoxazole, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• telmisartan

  Monitor Closely (3)telmisartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  telmisartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  telmisartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• testosterone

  Monitor Closely (1)testosterone increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• testosterone buccal system

  Monitor Closely (1)testosterone buccal system increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• testosterone intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)testosterone intranasal increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• testosterone topical

  Monitor Closely (1)testosterone topical increases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Androgens may decrease blood glucose and, therefore, may necessitate a decrease in the dose of antidiabetic medication.

• thioridazine

  Monitor Closely (2)thioridazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.
  
  thioridazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• thyroid desiccated

  Monitor Closely (1)thyroid desiccated decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen stores mobilization; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.

• timolol

  Monitor Closely (1)timolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).

• tipranavir

  Monitor Closely (2)tipranavir decreases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Reports of hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance with protease inhibitors. .
  
  tipranavir decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. HIV protease inhibitors may cause new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbate existing DM, and cause hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance.

• tolazamide

  Monitor Closely (2)liraglutide, tolazamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .
  
  tolazamide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• tolbutamide

  Monitor Closely (2)liraglutide, tolbutamide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Serious hypoglycemia may occur when insulin secretagogues and GLP-1 agonists are concurrently administered. Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. .
  
  tolbutamide, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antidiabetic agents are often used in combination; dosage adjustments may be required when initiating or discontinuing antidiabetic agents.

• torsemide

  Monitor Closely (1)torsemide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• trandolapril

  Monitor Closely (1)trandolapril, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• tranylcypromine

  Monitor Closely (1)tranylcypromine, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  Monitor Closely (2)triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully. .
  
  triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension decreases effects of insulin degludec by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Corticosteroids may diminish hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents. Monitor blood glucose levels carefully.

• trifluoperazine

  Monitor Closely (2)trifluoperazine decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase blood glucose concentrations.
  
  trifluoperazine, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Phenothiazines may increase or decrease glucose levels, monitor therapy closely when these agents are concurrently administered.

• valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)valsartan increases effects of liraglutide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may enhance hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents by improving insulin sensitivity. Monitor patients for changes in glycemic control.
  
  valsartan increases effects of insulin degludec by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Concomitant use of insulin and ARBs may require insulin dosage adjustment and increased glucose monitoring.
  
  valsartan, insulin degludec. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs decrease blood glucose.

• ziprasidone

  Monitor Closely (2)ziprasidone, liraglutide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; monitor glucose levels closely.
  
  ziprasidone decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with hyperglycemia that may alter blood glucose control; dose of antidiabetic agents may need adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required.