Xylocaine, Zingo (lidocaine anesthetic) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more

Sections

Sections lidocaine anesthetic
Dosing & Uses
Adverse Effects
Warnings
Pregnancy
Pharmacology
Administration
Images
Patient Handout
Formulary

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

0.4%
0.5%
0.8%
1%
1.5%
2%
4%
5%

Infiltration Anesthesia

Percutaneous: 1-60 mL of 0.5-1% solution (5-300 mg total dose)

IV regional: 10-60 mL of 0.5% solution (50-300 mg total dose)

Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Brachial: 15-20 mL of 1.5% solution (225-300 mg total dose)

Dental: 1-5 mL of 2% solution (20-100 mg total dose)

Intercostal: 3 mL of 1% solution (30 mg total dose)

Paravertebral: 3-5 mL of 1% solution (30-50 mg total dose)

Pudendeal (each side): 10 mL of 1% solution (100 mg total dose)

Paracervical obstetrical analgesia (each side): 10 mL of 1% solution (100 mg total dose)

Sympathetic Nerve Blocks

Cervical (stellate ganglion): 5 mL of 1% solution (50 mg total dose)

Lumbar: 5-10 mL of 1% solution (50-100 mg total dose)

Central Neural Blocks/Epidural

General: 2-3 mL/dermatome for anesthesia

Thoracic: 20-30 mL of 1% solution (200-300 mg total dose)

Lumbar analgesia: 25-30 mL of 1% solution (250-300 mg total dose)

Lumbar anesthesia: 15-20 mL of 1.5% solution (225-300 mg), or 10-15 mL of 2% solution (200-300 mg total dose)

Dosing Considerations

Use preservative-free preparations for spinal or epidural anesthesia

May be buffered 9:1 with sodium bicarbonate, to reduce pain on injection (e.g. remove 2 mL of 1% lidocaine from 20 mL vial, and add 2 mL of sodium bicarbonate solution to vial)

Maximum dose: 4.5 mg/kg, up to 300 mg lidocaine without epinephrine; or 7 mg/kg, up to 500 mg lidocaine with epinephrine

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

0.5%
1%
1.5%
2%
4%
5%

Infiltration

Percutaneous: 4-4.5 mg/kg maximum

IV regional: 3 mg/kg

Frequency Not Defined

Arrhythmias

Bradycardia

Cardiovascular collapse

Edema

Hypotension

Heart block

Apprehension

Agitation

Coma

Confusion

Drowsiness

Dizziness

Disorientation

Euphoria

Lightheadedness

Nervousness

Paresthesia

Psychosis

Sensations of heat, cold, or numbness

Slurred speech

Seizures

Tinnitus

Tremulousness

Unconsciousness

Visual disturbances including blurred or double vision

Skin lesions

Urticaria

Anaphylactoid reactions

Difficulty swallowing

Nausea

Vomiting

Muscle twitching/ tremors

Dyspnea

Respiratory depression/arrest

Administration Effects

pain IM injection site
IM injection increases serum creatine kinase

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to drug or amide type anesthetic

Cautions

Some formulations may contain sulfites

History of malignant hyperthermia

DO NOT use solutions containing epinephrine in distal areas of body (eg, digit, nose, ear) because of vasoconstrictive effects; addition of vasoconstrictor, epinephrine, will promote local hemostasis, decrease systemic absorption, and increase duration of action

Significant systemic absorption reported when administered to mucosal surfaces and open wounds

Chondrolysis associated with intra-articular infusions following arthroscopic and other surgical procedures (off-label use)

Use with caution in hepatic impairment (ability to metabolize diminishes)

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Category: B

Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; use caution

Pregnancy Categories

A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

NA: Information not available.

Mechanism of Action

Local anesthetics prevent generation/conduction of nerve impulses by reducing sodium permeability and increasing action potential threshold; inhibits depolarization, which results in blockade of conduction

Pharmacokinetics

Half-life: 7-30 min (initial); 1.5-2 hr (terminal)

Vd: 0.7-2.7 L/kg (patch)

Peak plasma concentration: 1-5 mcg/mL

Protein Bound: 60-80%

Metabolism: Liver

Metabolites: Monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), glycinexylidide (GX)

Excretion: Urine (primarily)

IV Incompatibilities

Additive: amphotericin B, dacarbazine, methohexital, phenytoin

Syringe: cefazolin

Y-site: amphotericin B cholesteryl SO4, thiopental

IV Preparation

Standard diluent: 2 g/250 mL D5W

IV Administration

Use microdrip (60 drops/mL) or infusion pump to administer an accurate dose

Local thrombophlebitis may occur in pts receiving prolonged IV infusions

Add 1 g of drug (using 25mLl of 4% or 5 mL of 20 % inj) to 1 L of D5W inj to provide a solution containing 1 mg/mL

Storage

Injection is stable at room temperature

BRAND	FORM.	UNIT PRICE	PILL IMAGE
lidocaine HCl mucous membrane -	4 % (40 mg/mL) solution
lidocaine HCl mucous membrane -	2 % gel
lidocaine HCl mucous membrane -	2 % gel
lidocaine HCl mucous membrane -	2 % gel
lidocaine HCl mucous membrane -	4 % (40 mg/mL) solution
lidocaine HCl mucous membrane -	4 % (40 mg/mL) solution
lidocaine HCl mucous membrane -	4 % (40 mg/mL) solution
lidocaine HCl injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	5 mg/mL (0.5 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	5 mg/mL (0.5 %) vial
lidocaine HCl injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
LidoDose topical -	3 % swab
LidoDose topical -	3 % swab
lidocaine HCl topical -	3 % cream
lidocaine HCl topical -	3 % cream
lidocaine HCl topical -	3 % cream
lidocaine HCl topical -	3 % cream
Lidocaine Viscous mucous membrane -	2 % solution
Lidocaine Viscous mucous membrane -	2 % solution
Lidocaine Viscous mucous membrane -	2 % solution
Lidocaine Viscous mucous membrane -	2 % solution
Glydo mucous membrane -	2 % gel
Glydo mucous membrane -	2 % gel
Gold Bond Medicated Pain-Itch topical -	4 % cream
Xylocaine injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
Xylocaine injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
Xylocaine injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
Xylocaine injection -	10 mg/mL (1 %) vial
Xylocaine injection -	20 mg/mL (2 %) vial
Astero topical -	4 % gel
Astero topical -	4 % gel
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % cream
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % liquid
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % liquid
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % cream
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % cream
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % cream
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % cream
Aspercreme (lidocaine HCl) topical -	4 % liquid
LidoRx topical -	3 % gel
LidoRx topical -	3 % gel

Patient Handout

Select a drug:

NO MONOGRAPH AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME

USES: Consult your pharmacist.

HOW TO USE: Consult your pharmacist.

SIDE EFFECTS: Consult your pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

PRECAUTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Consult your pharmacist.Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

NOTES: No monograph available at this time.

MISSED DOSE: Consult your pharmacist.

STORAGE: Consult your pharmacist.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

Formulary

FormularyPatient Discounts

Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.

To view formulary information first create a list of plans. Your list will be saved and can be edited at any time.

Create Your List of Plans

Adding plans allows you to:

View the formulary and any restrictions for each plan.
Manage and view all your plans together – even plans in different states.
Compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class.
Access your plan list on any device – mobile or desktop.

The above information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. Individual plans may vary and formulary information changes. Contact the applicable plan provider for the most current information.

View explanations for tiers and restrictions

Tier	Description
1	This drug is available at the lowest co-pay. Most commonly, these are generic drugs.
2	This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.
3	This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.
4	This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
5	This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
6	This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs or specialty prescription products.
NC	NOT COVERED – Drugs that are not covered by the plan.

Code	Definition
PA	Prior Authorization Drugs that require prior authorization. This restriction requires that specific clinical criteria be met prior to the approval of the prescription.
QL	Quantity Limits Drugs that have quantity limits associated with each prescription. This restriction typically limits the quantity of the drug that will be covered.
ST	Step Therapy Drugs that have step therapy associated with each prescription. This restriction typically requires that certain criteria be met prior to approval for the prescription.
OR	Other Restrictions Drugs that have restrictions other than prior authorization, quantity limits, and step therapy associated with each prescription.

Medscape prescription drug monographs are based on FDA-approved labeling information, unless otherwise noted, combined with additional data derived from primary medical literature.

[CLOSE WINDOW]

Sections lidocaine anesthetic
Dosing & Uses
Adverse Effects
Warnings
Pregnancy
Pharmacology
Administration
Images
Patient Handout
Formulary

lidocaine anesthetic (Rx)

Dosing & Uses

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

Infiltration Anesthesia

Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Sympathetic Nerve Blocks

Central Neural Blocks/Epidural

Dosing Considerations

Dosage Forms & Strengths

injectable solution

Infiltration

Adverse Effects

Frequency Not Defined

Administration Effects

Warnings

Contraindications

Cautions

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Categories

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Pharmacokinetics

Administration

IV Incompatibilities

IV Preparation

IV Administration

Storage

Images

Patient Handout

Formulary

Plans

What would you like to print?

Dosing Calculator