bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide (Rx)

Hypertension

Initial: 2.5 mg/6.25 mg tablet PO qDay

Increase based on clinical response q2 week

To minimize dose-independent side effects, it is usually appropriate to begin combination therapy only after a patient has failed to achieve the desired effect with monotherapy

Maximum: 20 mg bisoprolol /12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide PO qDay

Renal Impairment

Use caution in dosing/titrating patients with renal dysfunction

Cumulative effects of thiazides may develop with impaired renal function; dose adjustment may be necessary; azotemia may be precipitated

Hepatic Impairment

Dose adjustment necessary in severe impairment; specific dosing recomendations not studied

Administration

Combination may be substituted for the titrated individual components

Withdraw gradually over about 2 weeks

Dosage adjustment for geriatric patients usually not necessary

Hypertension (Off-label)

Initial: 2.5 mg/6.25 mg tablet PO qDay

Increase based on clinical response q2 week

To minimize dose-independent side effects, it is usually appropriate to begin combination therapy only after a patient has failed to achieve the desired effect with monotherapy

Maximum: 10 mg bisoprolol /6.25 mg hydrochlorothiazide PO qDay

Contraindicated (0)

Serious - Use Alternative (34)

• acebutolol

  acebutolol and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aminolevulinic acid oral

  aminolevulinic acid oral, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during perioperative period.

• aminolevulinic acid topical

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of aminolevulinic acid topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of photosensitizing drugs may enhance the phototoxic reaction to photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid.

• atenolol

  atenolol and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• betaxolol

  betaxolol and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• carbamazepine

  carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased risk of systemic hyponatremia.

• carvedilol

  bisoprolol and carvedilol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• celiprolol

  bisoprolol and celiprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• clonidine

  clonidine, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.

• cyclophosphamide

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of cyclophosphamide by decreasing renal clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased myelosuppressive effects.

• cyclosporine

  cyclosporine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased risk of systemic hyponatremia.

• digoxin

  digoxin, bisoprolol. Either decreases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.

• diltiazem

  diltiazem, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.

• dofetilide

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of dofetilide by decreasing renal clearance. Contraindicated. Risk of prolonged QTc interval.

• esmolol

  bisoprolol and esmolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• fexinidazole

  fexinidazole, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of fexinidazole with drugs known to induce bradycardia. .

• isocarboxazid

  isocarboxazid, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Additive hypotensive effects may be seen when MAOI's are combined with antihypertensives.

• labetalol

  bisoprolol and labetalol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lofexidine

  lofexidine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with other drugs that decrease pulse or blood pressure to mitigate risk of excessive bradycardia and hypotension.
  
  lofexidine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with other drugs that decrease pulse or blood pressure to mitigate risk of excessive bradycardia and hypotension.

• mavacamten

  bisoprolol, mavacamten. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Expect additive negative inotropic effects of mavacamten and other drugs that reduce cardiac contractility.

• methyl aminolevulinate

  hydrochlorothiazide, methyl aminolevulinate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• metoprolol

  bisoprolol and metoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nadolol

  bisoprolol and nadolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nebivolol

  bisoprolol and nebivolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• penbutolol

  bisoprolol and penbutolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pindolol

  bisoprolol and pindolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• propranolol

  bisoprolol and propranolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• rivastigmine

  bisoprolol increases toxicity of rivastigmine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Additive bradycardia effect may result in syncope.

• sotalol

  bisoprolol and sotalol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• squill

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of squill by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Potassium depletion may enhance toxicity of squill.

• timolol

  bisoprolol and timolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tretinoin

  hydrochlorothiazide, tretinoin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased phototoxicity.

• tretinoin topical

  hydrochlorothiazide, tretinoin topical. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased phototoxicity.

• verapamil

  verapamil, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.

Monitor Closely (248)

• acebutolol

  acebutolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acebutolol and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aceclofenac

  aceclofenac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and aceclofenac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aceclofenac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• acemetacin

  bisoprolol and acemetacin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acemetacin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  acemetacin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• albiglutide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of albiglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• albuterol

  bisoprolol increases and albuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of albuterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• albuterol

  albuterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aldesleukin

  aldesleukin increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.
  
  aldesleukin increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• alfuzosin

  alfuzosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• amifostine

  amifostine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

• aluminum hydroxide

  aluminum hydroxide decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• amifostine

  amifostine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

• amiloride

  bisoprolol and amiloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  amiloride increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• amiodarone

  amiodarone, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiotoxicity with bradycardia.
  
  amiodarone will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amlodipine

  bisoprolol, amlodipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• amoxicillin

  amoxicillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amobarbital

  amobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of amobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• arformoterol

  bisoprolol decreases effects of arformoterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  arformoterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and arformoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• asenapine

  asenapine and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aspirin

  aspirin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aspirin

  bisoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• aspirin rectal

  aspirin rectal increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .
  
  aspirin rectal decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and aspirin rectal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• atazanavir

  atazanavir increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypotension, bradycardia, AV block, and prolonged PR interval. Consider lowering beta blocker dose.

• atenolol

  atenolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• atenolol

  atenolol and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• avanafil

  avanafil increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.
  
  avanafil increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• beclomethasone, inhaled

  beclomethasone, inhaled increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase the hypokalemic effects of thiazide diuretics.

• bendroflumethiazide

  bisoprolol increases and bendroflumethiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• benazepril

  benazepril increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced hypotensive effects; increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

• bendroflumethiazide

  bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• betaxolol

  betaxolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  betaxolol and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bismuth subsalicylate

  bismuth subsalicylate, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Blockage of renal prostaglandin synthesis; may cause severe hypertension.

• bisoprolol

  bisoprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bretylium

  bisoprolol, bretylium. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Each drug may cause hypotension.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, bretylium. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Each drug may cause hypotension.

• bumetanide

  bisoprolol increases and bumetanide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buprenorphine, long-acting injection

  buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• butabarbital

  butabarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of butabarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• butalbital

  butalbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of butalbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• calcifediol

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of calcifediol by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Thiazide diuretics may increase serum calcium by decreasing urinary calcium excretion.

• calcium acetate

  calcium acetate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• calcium carbonate

  calcium carbonate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  calcium carbonate decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• calcium chloride

  calcium chloride decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• calcium citrate

  calcium citrate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• calcium gluconate

  calcium gluconate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• candesartan

  candesartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, candesartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  candesartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• captopril

  captopril, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure. Increased risk of nephrotoxicity. Monitor blood pressure and renal function.

• carbenoxolone

  bisoprolol increases and carbenoxolone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• carbenoxolone

  hydrochlorothiazide and carbenoxolone both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• carbidopa

  carbidopa increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Therapy with carbidopa, given with or without levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products, is started, dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive drug may be required.
  
  carbidopa increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Therapy with carbidopa, given with or without levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products, is started, dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive drug may be required.

• carvedilol

  bisoprolol and carvedilol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  carvedilol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cefprozil

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of cefprozil by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• celecoxib

  bisoprolol and celecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  celecoxib decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• celecoxib

  celecoxib increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• celiprolol

  celiprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and celiprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of celiprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

• chlorothiazide

  chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and chlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• chlorthalidone

  bisoprolol increases and chlorthalidone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cholestyramine

  cholestyramine decreases levels of hydrochlorothiazide by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  bisoprolol and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  choline magnesium trisalicylate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• citalopram

  hydrochlorothiazide, citalopram. pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Possible additive hyponatremia.

• clevidipine

  bisoprolol, clevidipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• clonidine

  bisoprolol, clonidine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Selective beta blocker administration during withdrawal from centrally acting alpha agonists may result in rebound hypertension.

• cornsilk

  cornsilk increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypokalemia (theoretical interaction).

• corticotropin

  corticotropin increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics.

• cyclopenthiazide

  bisoprolol increases and cyclopenthiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  cyclopenthiazide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• cyclosporine

  cyclosporine increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of hydrochlorothiazide with cyclosporine may increase the risk of hypermagnesemia, hyperuricemia, and possible nephrotoxicity.

• dasiglucagon

  bisoprolol decreases effects of dasiglucagon by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Dasiglucagon may stimulate catecholamine release; whereas beta blockers may inhibit catecholamines released in response to dasiglucagon. Coadministration may also transiently increase pulse and BP.

• deflazacort

  hydrochlorothiazide and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• desflurane

  desflurane, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• diazoxide

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of diazoxide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance hyperglycemic effects of diazoxide.

• dichlorphenamide

  dichlorphenamide and bisoprolol both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  dichlorphenamide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diclofenac

  diclofenac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  diclofenac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and diclofenac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dicloxacillin

  dicloxacillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diflunisal

  bisoprolol and diflunisal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  diflunisal decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• diflunisal

  diflunisal increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• digoxin

  bisoprolol increases effects of digoxin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced bradycardia.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide increases effects of digoxin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypokalemia increases digoxin effects.
  
  digoxin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and digoxin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  digoxin will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diltiazem

  bisoprolol and diltiazem both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• dobutamine

  dobutamine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dobutamine

  bisoprolol increases and dobutamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of dobutamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dofetilide

  dofetilide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dopexamine

  bisoprolol decreases effects of dopexamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  dopexamine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and dopexamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• doxazosin

  doxazosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• drospirenone

  drospirenone increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• drospirenone

  bisoprolol and drospirenone both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• empagliflozin

  empagliflozin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of empagliflozin with diuretics results in increased urine volume and frequency of voids, which might enhance the potential for volume depletion.

• ephedrine

  bisoprolol increases and ephedrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ephedrine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of ephedrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine

  epinephrine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and epinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of epinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• epinephrine racemic

  bisoprolol decreases effects of epinephrine racemic by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and epinephrine racemic decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  epinephrine racemic and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• eprosartan

  eprosartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  eprosartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, eprosartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.

• esmolol

  bisoprolol and esmolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  esmolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ethacrynic acid

  bisoprolol increases and ethacrynic acid decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ethacrynic acid and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ether

  bisoprolol, ether. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both beta blockers and ether depress the myocardium; consider lowering beta blocker dose if ether used for anesthesia.

• etodolac

  etodolac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• etodolac

  bisoprolol and etodolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  etodolac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• etomidate

  etomidate, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• exenatide injectable solution

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of exenatide injectable solution by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• exenatide injectable suspension

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of exenatide injectable suspension by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• felodipine

  bisoprolol and felodipine both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• fenbufen

  bisoprolol and fenbufen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• fenoprofen

  fenoprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and fenoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  fenoprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• fentanyl

  fentanyl decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• fingolimod

  bisoprolol increases effects of fingolimod by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both medications decrease heart rate. Monitor patients on concomitant therapy, particularly in the first 6 hours after fingolimod is initiated or after a treatment interruption of at least two weeks, for bradycardia and atrioventricular block. To identify underlying risk factors of bradycardia and AV block, obtain a new or recent ECG in patients using beta-blockers prior to starting fingolimod.

• fentanyl intranasal

  fentanyl intranasal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• fentanyl transdermal

  fentanyl transdermal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• fentanyl transmucosal

  fentanyl transmucosal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• flurbiprofen

  flurbiprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  flurbiprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and flurbiprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• formoterol

  formoterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of formoterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and formoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• furosemide

  bisoprolol increases and furosemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• gentamicin

  bisoprolol increases and gentamicin decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide and gentamicin both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• glucagon

  glucagon decreases toxicity of bisoprolol by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of glucagon with beta-blockers may have transiently increased pulse and blood pressure.

• ibuprofen

  ibuprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• glucagon intranasal

  glucagon intranasal decreases toxicity of bisoprolol by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of glucagon with beta-blockers may have transiently increased pulse and blood pressure.

• hydralazine

  hydralazine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypotensive effects.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  bisoprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ibuprofen

  bisoprolol and ibuprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ibuprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ibuprofen IV

  ibuprofen IV decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and ibuprofen IV both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen IV by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ibuprofen IV increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs may decrease the therapeutic effects of thiazide-like diuretics; may also enhance nephrotoxic effects.

• indacaterol, inhaled

  indacaterol, inhaled, bisoprolol. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Beta-blockers and indacaterol may interfere with the effect of each other when administered concurrently. Beta-blockers may produce severe bronchospasm in COPD patients. Therefore, patients with COPD should not normally be treated with beta-blockers. However, under certain circumstances, e.g. as prophylaxis after myocardial infarction, there may be no acceptable alternatives to the use of beta-blockers in patients with COPD. In this setting, cardioselective beta-blockers could be considered, although they should be administered with caution.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, indacaterol, inhaled. serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor. Combination may increase risk of hypokalemia.
  
  indacaterol, inhaled, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Caution is advised in the coadministration of indacaterol neohaler with non-potassium-sparing diuretics.

• indapamide

  bisoprolol increases and indapamide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• indomethacin

  indomethacin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and indomethacin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  indomethacin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• insulin degludec

  bisoprolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• insulin degludec/insulin aspart

  bisoprolol, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec/insulin aspart by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• insulin inhaled

  bisoprolol, insulin inhaled. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin inhaled by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• iodixanol

  bisoprolol increases toxicity of iodixanol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of beta-blockers lowers the threshold for and increases the severity of contrast reactions, and reduces the responsiveness of treatment of hypersensitivity reactions with epinephrine. .

• irbesartan

  irbesartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• irbesartan

  irbesartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, irbesartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.

• isoproterenol

  bisoprolol increases and isoproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  isoproterenol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of isoproterenol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• isradipine

  bisoprolol, isradipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• juniper

  juniper, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Juniper may potentiate or interfere with diuretic therapy. Juniper has diuretic effects, but may cause kidney damage at large doses.

• ivabradine

  ivabradine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Most patients receiving ivabradine will also be treated with a beta-blocker. The risk of bradycardia increases with coadministration of drugs that slow heart rate (eg, digoxin, amiodarone, beta-blockers). Monitor heart rate in patients taking ivabradine with other negative chronotropes.

• ketamine

  ketamine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• ketoprofen

  ketoprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and ketoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketoprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• ketorolac

  bisoprolol and ketorolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  ketorolac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ketorolac intranasal

  ketorolac intranasal decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and ketorolac intranasal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac intranasal increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

• labetalol

  bisoprolol and labetalol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  labetalol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lasmiditan

  bisoprolol increases effects of lasmiditan by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lasmiditan has been associated with a lowering of heart rate (HR). In a drug interaction study, addition of a single 200-mg dose of lasmiditan to propranolol decreased HR by an additional 5 bpm compared to propranolol alone, for a mean maximum of 19 bpm.

• levalbuterol

  levalbuterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levalbuterol

  bisoprolol increases and levalbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of levalbuterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• levodopa

  levodopa increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider decreasing dosage of antihypertensive agent.
  
  levodopa increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider decreasing dosage of antihypertensive agent.

• lily of the valley

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of lily of the valley by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Increased risk of cardiac toxicity due to K+ depletion.

• lornoxicam

  bisoprolol and lornoxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  lornoxicam decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• liraglutide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• lithium

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of lithium by decreasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lornoxicam

  lornoxicam increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• losartan

  losartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, losartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  losartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lurasidone

  lurasidone increases effects of bisoprolol by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased risk of hypotension with concurrent use. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose of antihypertensive agent as needed.
  
  lurasidone increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased risk of hypotension with concurrent use. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose of antihypertensive agent as needed.

• maitake

  maitake increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypokalemia (theoretical interaction).

• maraviroc

  maraviroc, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

• meclofenamate

  bisoprolol and meclofenamate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meclofenamate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  meclofenamate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mefenamic acid

  mefenamic acid decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  mefenamic acid increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and mefenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mefloquine

  mefloquine increases levels of bisoprolol by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of arrhythmia.

• meloxicam

  meloxicam increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• meloxicam

  bisoprolol and meloxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meloxicam decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• metaproterenol

  bisoprolol increases and metaproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of metaproterenol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  metaproterenol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• methoxsalen

  methoxsalen, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive photosensitizing effects.

• methyclothiazide

  bisoprolol increases and methyclothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

• methylphenidate transdermal

  methylphenidate transdermal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor.

• metolazone

  hydrochlorothiazide and metolazone both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and metolazone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• metoprolol

  hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: May cause idiosyncratic reaction, resulting in acute transient myopia and acute angle-closure glaucoma, which can lead to permanent vision loss.
  
  bisoprolol and metoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  metoprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• mometasone inhaled

  mometasone inhaled increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Corticosteroids may increase hypokalemic effect of loop diuretics.

• moxisylyte

  moxisylyte and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• mycophenolate

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of mycophenolate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nabumetone

  nabumetone increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and nabumetone both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nabumetone decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• nadolol

  bisoprolol and nadolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nadolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nafcillin

  nafcillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• naproxen

  bisoprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• naproxen

  naproxen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nebivolol

  nebivolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and nebivolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nicardipine

  bisoprolol, nicardipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nitroglycerin rectal

  nitroglycerin rectal, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Observe for possible additive hypotensive effects during concomitant use. .

• nifedipine

  bisoprolol, nifedipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nimodipine

  bisoprolol, nimodipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nisoldipine

  bisoprolol, nisoldipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nitroglycerin rectal

  nitroglycerin rectal, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Beta-blockers blunt the reflex tachycardia produced by nitroglycerin without preventing its hypotensive effects. If beta-blockers are used with nitroglycerin in patients with angina pectoris, additional hypotensive effects may occur.

• norepinephrine

  bisoprolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  norepinephrine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oliceridine

  oliceridine decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Opioids can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing the release of antidiuretic hormone. Monitor for signs of diminished diuresis and/or effects on blood pressure and increase dosage of the diuretic as needed. .

• olmesartan

  olmesartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, olmesartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.

• olmesartan

  olmesartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• olodaterol inhaled

  hydrochlorothiazide and olodaterol inhaled both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxaprozin

  bisoprolol and oxaprozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  oxaprozin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  oxaprozin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• oxymetazoline topical

  oxymetazoline topical increases and bisoprolol decreases sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  parecoxib increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  bisoprolol and parecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  parecoxib decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• penbutolol

  penbutolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and penbutolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• penicillin G aqueous

  penicillin G aqueous, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pentobarbital

  pentobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of pentobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• phenobarbital

  phenobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of phenobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• phenoxybenzamine

  phenoxybenzamine and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• phentolamine

  phentolamine and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• pindolol

  pindolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and pindolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pirbuterol

  pirbuterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of pirbuterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and pirbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• piroxicam

  piroxicam decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  piroxicam increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and piroxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• pivmecillinam

  pivmecillinam, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ponesimod

  ponesimod and bisoprolol both increase pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Beta-blockers may have additive effects on lowering HR. Consider resting HR before initiating ponesimod in patients on stable dose of beta-blocker. Refer to the ponesimod prescribing information for more dosing information.

• porfimer

  hydrochlorothiazide, porfimer. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced photosensitivity.

• potassium acid phosphate

  potassium acid phosphate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  bisoprolol and potassium acid phosphate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium chloride

  bisoprolol and potassium chloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  potassium chloride increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium citrate

  bisoprolol and potassium citrate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  potassium citrate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• prazosin

  prazosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• probenecid

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of probenecid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• primidone

  primidone decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of primidone. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• procainamide

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of procainamide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• propofol

  propofol, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• propranolol

  bisoprolol and propranolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  propranolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• quinidine

  quinidine will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  sacubitril/valsartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, sacubitril/valsartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  sacubitril/valsartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  salicylates (non-asa) decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  salicylates (non-asa) increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and salicylates (non-asa) both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salmeterol

  bisoprolol decreases effects of salmeterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  salmeterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and salmeterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salsalate

  salsalate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and salsalate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  salsalate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• saquinavir

  saquinavir, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Use alternatives if available. Increased risk of PR prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias.

• shark cartilage

  hydrochlorothiazide, shark cartilage. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May lead to hypercalcemia (theoretical).

• secobarbital

  secobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of secobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• sevoflurane

  sevoflurane, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• sildenafil

  bisoprolol increases effects of sildenafil by additive vasodilation. Use Caution/Monitor. Sildenafil has systemic vasodilatory properties and may further lower blood pressure in patients taking antihypertensive medications. Monitor blood pressure response to sildenafil in patients receiving concurrent blood pressure lowering therapy.

• silodosin

  silodosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• siponimod

  siponimod, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Caution when siponimod is initiated in patients receiving beta-blocker treatment because of additive effects on lowering heart rate. Temporary interruption of beta-blocker may be needed before initiating siponimod. Beta-blocker treatment can be initiated in patients receiving stable doses of siponimod.

• sodium bicarbonate

  sodium bicarbonate decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• sodium citrate/citric acid

  sodium citrate/citric acid decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol

  hydrochlorothiazide and sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• sotalol

  bisoprolol and sotalol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sotalol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• spironolactone

  spironolactone increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  bisoprolol and spironolactone both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• succinylcholine

  succinylcholine increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and succinylcholine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sulfasalazine

  bisoprolol and sulfasalazine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sulfasalazine decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  sulfasalazine increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sulindac

  bisoprolol and sulindac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sulindac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sulindac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.

• tadalafil

  tadalafil increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.
  
  tadalafil increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• telmisartan

  telmisartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, telmisartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  telmisartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• temocillin

  temocillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• terazosin

  terazosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• terbutaline

  bisoprolol decreases effects of terbutaline by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and terbutaline decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  terbutaline and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• theophylline

  bisoprolol, theophylline. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Beta blockers (esp. non selective) antagonize theophylline effects, while at the same time increasing theophylline levels and toxicity (mechanism: decreased theophylline metabolism). Smoking increases risk of interaction.

• ticarcillin

  ticarcillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• timolol

  timolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and timolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tolfenamic acid

  tolfenamic acid decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  tolfenamic acid increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and tolfenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tolmetin

  tolmetin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  tolmetin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and tolmetin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• tolvaptan

  tolvaptan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and tolvaptan both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• toremifene

  hydrochlorothiazide, toremifene. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Thiazide diuretics decrease renal calcium excretion and may increase risk of hypercalcemia in patients taking toremifene.

• torsemide

  bisoprolol increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• torsemide

  torsemide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• triamterene

  triamterene increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  bisoprolol and triamterene both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• trientine

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of trientine by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• valsartan

  valsartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, valsartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.

• umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled

  umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Electrocardiographic changes and/or hypokalemia associated with non?potassium-sparing diuretics may worsen with concomitant beta-agonists, particularly if recommended dose is exceeded

• valsartan

  valsartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• verapamil

  bisoprolol and verapamil both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• vilanterol/fluticasone furoate inhaled

  vilanterol/fluticasone furoate inhaled and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Beta-agonists may acutely worsen ECG changes and/or hypokalemia resulting from non-potassium-sparing diuretics

• vitamin D

  hydrochlorothiazide increases effects of vitamin D by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase hypercalcemic effect of vitamin D analogs. Use with caution.

• xipamide

  xipamide increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  xipamide increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

Minor (164)

• acarbose

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of acarbose by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• aceclofenac

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aceclofenac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acemetacin

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of acemetacin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acyclovir

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of acyclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• adenosine

  bisoprolol, adenosine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Bradycardia.

• agrimony

  agrimony increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  agrimony increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• albuterol

  albuterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• brimonidine

  brimonidine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aminohippurate sodium

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aminohippurate sodium by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ampicillin

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of ampicillin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• arformoterol

  arformoterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• aspirin

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin rectal

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin rectal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• balsalazide

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of balsalazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bendroflumethiazide

  bendroflumethiazide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• birch

  birch increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bitter melon

  bitter melon, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• brimonidine

  brimonidine increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• budesonide

  budesonide, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• calcitriol topical

  calcitriol topical, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential additive hypercalcemia.

• calcium acetate

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium acetate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium carbonate

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium carbonate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium chloride

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium chloride by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium citrate

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium citrate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium gluconate

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium gluconate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• carbenoxolone

  hydrochlorothiazide, carbenoxolone. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypokalemic effects.

• cefadroxil

  cefadroxil will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefamandole

  cefamandole will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefpirome

  cefpirome will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefprozil

  cefprozil will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftibuten

  ceftibuten will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celecoxib

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of celecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cephalexin

  cephalexin will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cevimeline

  cevimeline increases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorothiazide

  chlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorpropamide

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of chlorpropamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of chlorpropamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• chlorthalidone

  chlorthalidone will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cocaine topical

  bisoprolol increases effects of cocaine topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of angina.

• colestipol

  colestipol decreases levels of hydrochlorothiazide by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cornsilk

  cornsilk increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cortisone

  cortisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• cosyntropin

  cosyntropin, hydrochlorothiazide. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Possible enhanced electrolyte loss.

• cyclopenthiazide

  cyclopenthiazide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• deflazacort

  deflazacort, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• dexamethasone

  dexamethasone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• diazoxide

  diazoxide, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hyperglycemia.

• diclofenac

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of diclofenac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• diflunisal

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of diflunisal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• dihydroergotamine

  dihydroergotamine, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive vasospasm.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  dihydroergotamine intranasal, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive vasospasm.

• dipyridamole

  dipyridamole, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• dobutamine

  dobutamine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• dopexamine

  dopexamine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• ephedrine

  ephedrine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• epinephrine

  epinephrine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• epinephrine racemic

  epinephrine racemic, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• epoprostenol

  epoprostenol increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypotensive effects.

• escitalopram

  escitalopram increases levels of bisoprolol by decreasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• etodolac

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of etodolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenbufen

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of fenbufen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenoldopam

  fenoldopam increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypotensive effects.

• fenoprofen

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of fenoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fludrocortisone

  fludrocortisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• flurbiprofen

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of flurbiprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fo-ti

  fo-ti increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia (theoretical).

• folic acid

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of folic acid by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• formoterol

  formoterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• forskolin

  forskolin increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  forskolin increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ganciclovir

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• guanfacine

  bisoprolol, guanfacine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Selective beta blocker administration during withdrawal from centrally acting alpha agonists may result in rebound hypertension.

• glimepiride

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of glimepiride by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• glipizide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• glyburide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of glyburide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• goldenrod

  goldenrod increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• hydrocortisone

  hydrocortisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• ibuprofen

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• imaging agents (gadolinium)

  bisoprolol, imaging agents (gadolinium). Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of anaphylaxis from contrast media.

• indapamide

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of indapamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• indomethacin

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of indomethacin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• insulin aspart

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin detemir

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin detemir by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin glargine

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glargine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin glulisine

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin lispro

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin NPH

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin regular human

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• isoproterenol

  isoproterenol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• ketoprofen

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ketoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ketorolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac intranasal

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ketorolac intranasal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• L-methylfolate

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of L-methylfolate by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• levalbuterol

  levalbuterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• levobetaxolol

  levobetaxolol increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• lornoxicam

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of lornoxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium chloride

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium chloride by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium citrate

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium citrate by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium hydroxide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium oxide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium oxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium sulfate

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium sulfate by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• maitake

  maitake increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• meclofenamate

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of meclofenamate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mefenamic acid

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of mefenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• melatonin

  melatonin decreases toxicity of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Melatonin may correct beta blocker induced sleep disturbances.

• meloxicam

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of meloxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• memantine

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of memantine by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mesalamine

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of mesalamine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metaproterenol

  metaproterenol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• metformin

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of metformin by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of metformin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• methotrexate

  hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of methotrexate by decreasing elimination. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased myelosuppression.

• methylprednisolone

  methylprednisolone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• metipranolol ophthalmic

  metipranolol ophthalmic increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metolazone

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of metolazone by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• midodrine

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of midodrine by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• miglitol

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of miglitol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• minoxidil

  hydrochlorothiazide increases effects of minoxidil by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nabumetone

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of nabumetone by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• naproxen

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nateglinide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of nateglinide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• neostigmine

  bisoprolol, neostigmine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive bradycardia.

• noni juice

  bisoprolol and noni juice both increase serum potassium. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  noni juice increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• norepinephrine

  norepinephrine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May decrease responsiveness to norepinephrine but not enough to preclude effectiveness of the pressor agent therapeutic use.

• octacosanol

  octacosanol increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• octacosanol

  octacosanol increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ofloxacin

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ofloxacin by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• oxaprozin

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of oxaprozin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• parecoxib

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of parecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• penicillin G aqueous

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of penicillin G aqueous by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• penicillin VK

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of penicillin VK by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• physostigmine

  bisoprolol, physostigmine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive bradycardia.

• pilocarpine

  pilocarpine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pioglitazone

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• piperacillin

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of piperacillin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pirbuterol

  pirbuterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• piroxicam

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of piroxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• prednisolone

  prednisolone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• prednisone

  prednisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• quinine

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of quinine by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• reishi

  reishi increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  reishi increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• repaglinide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of repaglinide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• rifampin

  rifampin decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• rose hips

  rose hips will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• rosiglitazone

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of rosiglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of salicylates (non-asa) by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salmeterol

  salmeterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• salsalate

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of salsalate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• saxagliptin

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of saxagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• shepherd's purse

  shepherd's purse, bisoprolol. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Theoretically, shepherd's purse may interfere with BP control.
  
  shepherd's purse, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Theoretically, shepherd's purse may interfere with BP control.

• sitagliptin

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• tizanidine

  tizanidine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypotension.

• sulfadiazine

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of sulfadiazine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfamethoxazole

  sulfamethoxazole will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of sulfamethoxazole by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, sulfamethoxazole. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hyponatremia.

• sulfasalazine

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of sulfasalazine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfisoxazole

  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of sulfisoxazole by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulindac

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of sulindac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• terbutaline

  terbutaline, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, terbutaline. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypokalemic effects.

• tizanidine

  tizanidine increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypotension.

• tolazamide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of tolazamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• tolbutamide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of tolbutamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• tolfenamic acid

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of tolfenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolmetin

  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of tolmetin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• treprostinil

  treprostinil increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  treprostinil increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• yohimbe

  bisoprolol decreases toxicity of yohimbe by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acarbose

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of acarbose by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• acebutolol

  Monitor Closely (2)acebutolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acebutolol and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)acebutolol and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• aceclofenac

  Monitor Closely (3)aceclofenac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aceclofenac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and aceclofenac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aceclofenac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acemetacin

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and acemetacin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  acemetacin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  acemetacin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of acemetacin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• acyclovir

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of acyclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• adenosine

  Minor (1)bisoprolol, adenosine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Bradycardia.

• agrimony

  Minor (2)agrimony increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  agrimony increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• albiglutide

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of albiglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• albuterol

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of albuterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and albuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  albuterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)albuterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• aldesleukin

  Monitor Closely (2)aldesleukin increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.
  
  aldesleukin increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• alfuzosin

  Monitor Closely (1)alfuzosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aluminum hydroxide

  Monitor Closely (1)aluminum hydroxide decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• amifostine

  Monitor Closely (2)amifostine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.
  
  amifostine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Coadministration with blood pressure lowering agents may increase the risk and severity of hypotension associated with amifostine. When amifostine is used at chemotherapeutic doses, withhold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hr prior to amifostine; if blood pressure lowering medication cannot be withheld, do not administer amifostine.

• amiloride

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and amiloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  amiloride increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aminohippurate sodium

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aminohippurate sodium by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aminolevulinic acid oral

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)aminolevulinic acid oral, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during perioperative period.

• aminolevulinic acid topical

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of aminolevulinic acid topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Coadministration of photosensitizing drugs may enhance the phototoxic reaction to photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid.

• amiodarone

  Monitor Closely (2)amiodarone, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of cardiotoxicity with bradycardia.
  
  amiodarone will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• amlodipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, amlodipine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• amobarbital

  Monitor Closely (1)amobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of amobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• amoxicillin

  Monitor Closely (1)amoxicillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ampicillin

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of ampicillin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• arformoterol

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of arformoterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  arformoterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and arformoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)arformoterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• asenapine

  Monitor Closely (1)asenapine and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• aspirin

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin rectal

  Monitor Closely (3)aspirin rectal increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .
  
  aspirin rectal decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and aspirin rectal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin rectal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate

  Monitor Closely (3)aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• atazanavir

  Monitor Closely (1)atazanavir increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypotension, bradycardia, AV block, and prolonged PR interval. Consider lowering beta blocker dose.

• atenolol

  Monitor Closely (2)atenolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  atenolol and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)atenolol and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• avanafil

  Monitor Closely (2)avanafil increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.
  
  avanafil increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• balsalazide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of balsalazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• beclomethasone, inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)beclomethasone, inhaled increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by increasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor. May increase the hypokalemic effects of thiazide diuretics.

• benazepril

  Monitor Closely (1)benazepril increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced hypotensive effects; increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

• bendroflumethiazide

  Monitor Closely (2)bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and bendroflumethiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)bendroflumethiazide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• betaxolol

  Monitor Closely (2)betaxolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  betaxolol and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)betaxolol and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• birch

  Minor (1)birch increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bismuth subsalicylate

  Monitor Closely (1)bismuth subsalicylate, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Blockage of renal prostaglandin synthesis; may cause severe hypertension.

• bisoprolol

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• bitter melon

  Minor (1)bitter melon, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• bretylium

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol, bretylium. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Each drug may cause hypotension.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, bretylium. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Each drug may cause hypotension.

• brimonidine

  Minor (2)brimonidine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  brimonidine increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• budesonide

  Minor (1)budesonide, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• bumetanide

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and bumetanide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• buprenorphine, long-acting injection

  Monitor Closely (1)buprenorphine, long-acting injection decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Opioids can reduce diuretic efficacy by inducing antidiuretic hormone release.

• butabarbital

  Monitor Closely (1)butabarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of butabarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• butalbital

  Monitor Closely (1)butalbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of butalbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• calcifediol

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of calcifediol by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Thiazide diuretics may increase serum calcium by decreasing urinary calcium excretion.

• calcitriol topical

  Minor (1)calcitriol topical, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Potential additive hypercalcemia.

• calcium acetate

  Monitor Closely (1)calcium acetate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium acetate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium carbonate

  Monitor Closely (2)calcium carbonate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  calcium carbonate decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium carbonate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium chloride

  Monitor Closely (1)calcium chloride decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium chloride by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium citrate

  Monitor Closely (1)calcium citrate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium citrate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• calcium gluconate

  Monitor Closely (1)calcium gluconate decreases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of calcium gluconate by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis, hypercalcemia.

• candesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)candesartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, candesartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  candesartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• captopril

  Monitor Closely (1)captopril, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure. Increased risk of nephrotoxicity. Monitor blood pressure and renal function.

• carbamazepine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased risk of systemic hyponatremia.

• carbenoxolone

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and carbenoxolone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide and carbenoxolone both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide, carbenoxolone. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypokalemic effects.

• carbidopa

  Monitor Closely (2)carbidopa increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Therapy with carbidopa, given with or without levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products, is started, dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive drug may be required.
  
  carbidopa increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Therapy with carbidopa, given with or without levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products, is started, dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive drug may be required.

• carvedilol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and carvedilol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  carvedilol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and carvedilol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cefadroxil

  Minor (1)cefadroxil will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefamandole

  Minor (1)cefamandole will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefpirome

  Minor (1)cefpirome will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cefprozil

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of cefprozil by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)cefprozil will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ceftibuten

  Minor (1)ceftibuten will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celecoxib

  Monitor Closely (3)celecoxib decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and celecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  celecoxib increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of celecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• celiprolol

  Monitor Closely (3)celiprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and celiprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of celiprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and celiprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• cephalexin

  Minor (1)cephalexin will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cevimeline

  Minor (1)cevimeline increases effects of bisoprolol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (2)chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and chlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)chlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorpropamide

  Minor (2)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of chlorpropamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of chlorpropamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• chlorthalidone

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and chlorthalidone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)chlorthalidone will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cholestyramine

  Monitor Closely (1)cholestyramine decreases levels of hydrochlorothiazide by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor.

• choline magnesium trisalicylate

  Monitor Closely (2)choline magnesium trisalicylate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and choline magnesium trisalicylate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• citalopram

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide, citalopram. pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Possible additive hyponatremia.

• clevidipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, clevidipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• clonidine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, clonidine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Selective beta blocker administration during withdrawal from centrally acting alpha agonists may result in rebound hypertension.Serious - Use Alternative (1)clonidine, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.

• cocaine topical

  Minor (1)bisoprolol increases effects of cocaine topical by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of angina.

• colestipol

  Minor (1)colestipol decreases levels of hydrochlorothiazide by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cornsilk

  Monitor Closely (1)cornsilk increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypokalemia (theoretical interaction).Minor (1)cornsilk increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• corticotropin

  Monitor Closely (1)corticotropin increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics.

• cortisone

  Minor (1)cortisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• cosyntropin

  Minor (1)cosyntropin, hydrochlorothiazide. pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Possible enhanced electrolyte loss.

• cyclopenthiazide

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and cyclopenthiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  cyclopenthiazide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)cyclopenthiazide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• cyclophosphamide

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of cyclophosphamide by decreasing renal clearance. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased myelosuppressive effects.

• cyclosporine

  Monitor Closely (1)cyclosporine increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of hydrochlorothiazide with cyclosporine may increase the risk of hypermagnesemia, hyperuricemia, and possible nephrotoxicity.Serious - Use Alternative (1)cyclosporine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased risk of systemic hyponatremia.

• dasiglucagon

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol decreases effects of dasiglucagon by unknown mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Dasiglucagon may stimulate catecholamine release; whereas beta blockers may inhibit catecholamines released in response to dasiglucagon. Coadministration may also transiently increase pulse and BP.

• deflazacort

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)deflazacort, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• desflurane

  Monitor Closely (1)desflurane, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• dexamethasone

  Minor (1)dexamethasone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• diazoxide

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of diazoxide by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. May enhance hyperglycemic effects of diazoxide.Minor (1)diazoxide, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hyperglycemia.

• dichlorphenamide

  Monitor Closely (2)dichlorphenamide and bisoprolol both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  dichlorphenamide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diclofenac

  Monitor Closely (3)diclofenac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  diclofenac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and diclofenac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of diclofenac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• dicloxacillin

  Monitor Closely (1)dicloxacillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• diflunisal

  Monitor Closely (3)diflunisal decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and diflunisal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  diflunisal increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of diflunisal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• digoxin

  Monitor Closely (5)bisoprolol increases effects of digoxin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced bradycardia.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide increases effects of digoxin by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Hypokalemia increases digoxin effects.
  
  bisoprolol and digoxin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  digoxin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  digoxin will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)digoxin, bisoprolol. Either decreases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.

• dihydroergotamine

  Minor (1)dihydroergotamine, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive vasospasm.

• dihydroergotamine intranasal

  Minor (1)dihydroergotamine intranasal, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive vasospasm.

• diltiazem

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol and diltiazem both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)diltiazem, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.

• dipyridamole

  Minor (1)dipyridamole, bisoprolol. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of bradycardia.

• dobutamine

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol increases and dobutamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  dobutamine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of dobutamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dobutamine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• dofetilide

  Monitor Closely (1)dofetilide will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of dofetilide by decreasing renal clearance. Contraindicated. Risk of prolonged QTc interval.

• dopexamine

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of dopexamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and dopexamine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  dopexamine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)dopexamine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• doxazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)doxazosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• drospirenone

  Monitor Closely (2)drospirenone increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  bisoprolol and drospirenone both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• empagliflozin

  Monitor Closely (1)empagliflozin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of empagliflozin with diuretics results in increased urine volume and frequency of voids, which might enhance the potential for volume depletion.

• ephedrine

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol increases and ephedrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ephedrine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of ephedrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)ephedrine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• epinephrine

  Monitor Closely (3)epinephrine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and epinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of epinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)epinephrine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• epinephrine racemic

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of epinephrine racemic by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and epinephrine racemic decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  epinephrine racemic and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)epinephrine racemic, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• epoprostenol

  Minor (1)epoprostenol increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypotensive effects.

• eprosartan

  Monitor Closely (3)eprosartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  eprosartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, eprosartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.

• escitalopram

  Minor (1)escitalopram increases levels of bisoprolol by decreasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• esmolol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and esmolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  esmolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and esmolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• ethacrynic acid

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and ethacrynic acid decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ethacrynic acid and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ether

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, ether. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both beta blockers and ether depress the myocardium; consider lowering beta blocker dose if ether used for anesthesia.

• etodolac

  Monitor Closely (3)etodolac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  etodolac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and etodolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of etodolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• etomidate

  Monitor Closely (1)etomidate, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• exenatide injectable solution

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of exenatide injectable solution by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• exenatide injectable suspension

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of exenatide injectable suspension by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• felodipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol and felodipine both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• fenbufen

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol and fenbufen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of fenbufen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fenoldopam

  Minor (1)fenoldopam increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypotensive effects.

• fenoprofen

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and fenoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  fenoprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  fenoprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of fenoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fentanyl

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• fentanyl intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl intranasal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• fentanyl transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl transdermal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• fentanyl transmucosal

  Monitor Closely (1)fentanyl transmucosal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Fentanyl can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing antidiuretic hormone release. Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates).

• fexinidazole

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)fexinidazole, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of fexinidazole with drugs known to induce bradycardia. .

• fingolimod

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol increases effects of fingolimod by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both medications decrease heart rate. Monitor patients on concomitant therapy, particularly in the first 6 hours after fingolimod is initiated or after a treatment interruption of at least two weeks, for bradycardia and atrioventricular block. To identify underlying risk factors of bradycardia and AV block, obtain a new or recent ECG in patients using beta-blockers prior to starting fingolimod.

• fludrocortisone

  Minor (1)fludrocortisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• flurbiprofen

  Monitor Closely (3)flurbiprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  flurbiprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and flurbiprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of flurbiprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• fo-ti

  Minor (1)fo-ti increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia (theoretical).

• folic acid

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of folic acid by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• formoterol

  Monitor Closely (3)formoterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of formoterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and formoterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)formoterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• forskolin

  Minor (2)forskolin increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  forskolin increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• furosemide

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and furosemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ganciclovir

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• gentamicin

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and gentamicin decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide and gentamicin both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• glimepiride

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of glimepiride by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• glipizide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of glipizide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• glucagon

  Monitor Closely (1)glucagon decreases toxicity of bisoprolol by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of glucagon with beta-blockers may have transiently increased pulse and blood pressure.

• glucagon intranasal

  Monitor Closely (1)glucagon intranasal decreases toxicity of bisoprolol by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of glucagon with beta-blockers may have transiently increased pulse and blood pressure.

• glyburide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of glyburide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• goldenrod

  Minor (1)goldenrod increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• guanfacine

  Minor (1)bisoprolol, guanfacine. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Selective beta blocker administration during withdrawal from centrally acting alpha agonists may result in rebound hypertension.

• hydralazine

  Monitor Closely (1)hydralazine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive hypotensive effects.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• hydrocortisone

  Minor (1)hydrocortisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• ibuprofen

  Monitor Closely (3)ibuprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  ibuprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and ibuprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ibuprofen IV

  Monitor Closely (4)ibuprofen IV decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and ibuprofen IV both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ibuprofen IV by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ibuprofen IV increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. NSAIDs may decrease the therapeutic effects of thiazide-like diuretics; may also enhance nephrotoxic effects.

• imaging agents (gadolinium)

  Minor (1)bisoprolol, imaging agents (gadolinium). Mechanism: unknown. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased risk of anaphylaxis from contrast media.

• indacaterol, inhaled

  Monitor Closely (3)indacaterol, inhaled, bisoprolol. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Beta-blockers and indacaterol may interfere with the effect of each other when administered concurrently. Beta-blockers may produce severe bronchospasm in COPD patients. Therefore, patients with COPD should not normally be treated with beta-blockers. However, under certain circumstances, e.g. as prophylaxis after myocardial infarction, there may be no acceptable alternatives to the use of beta-blockers in patients with COPD. In this setting, cardioselective beta-blockers could be considered, although they should be administered with caution.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, indacaterol, inhaled. serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor. Combination may increase risk of hypokalemia.
  
  indacaterol, inhaled, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Caution is advised in the coadministration of indacaterol neohaler with non-potassium-sparing diuretics.

• indapamide

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and indapamide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of indapamide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• indomethacin

  Monitor Closely (3)indomethacin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and indomethacin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  indomethacin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of indomethacin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• insulin aspart

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin aspart by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin degludec

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol, insulin degludec. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• insulin degludec/insulin aspart

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol, insulin degludec/insulin aspart. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin degludec/insulin aspart by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• insulin detemir

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin detemir by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin glargine

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glargine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin glulisine

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin glulisine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin inhaled

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol, insulin inhaled. Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: Beta-blockers may either increase or decrease the blood glucose lowering effect of insulin; beta-blockers can prolong hypoglycemia (interference with glycogenolysis) or cause hyperglycemia (insulin secretion inhibited).
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin inhaled by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Diuretics may cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus, possibly by diuretic-induced hpokalemia.

• insulin lispro

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin lispro by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin NPH

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin NPH by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• insulin regular human

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of insulin regular human by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• iodixanol

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol increases toxicity of iodixanol by unspecified interaction mechanism. Use Caution/Monitor. Use of beta-blockers lowers the threshold for and increases the severity of contrast reactions, and reduces the responsiveness of treatment of hypersensitivity reactions with epinephrine. .

• irbesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol, irbesartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  irbesartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  irbesartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• isocarboxazid

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)isocarboxazid, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Contraindicated. Comment: Additive hypotensive effects may be seen when MAOI's are combined with antihypertensives.

• isoproterenol

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol increases and isoproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  isoproterenol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of isoproterenol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)isoproterenol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• isradipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, isradipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• ivabradine

  Monitor Closely (1)ivabradine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Most patients receiving ivabradine will also be treated with a beta-blocker. The risk of bradycardia increases with coadministration of drugs that slow heart rate (eg, digoxin, amiodarone, beta-blockers). Monitor heart rate in patients taking ivabradine with other negative chronotropes.

• juniper

  Monitor Closely (1)juniper, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Juniper may potentiate or interfere with diuretic therapy. Juniper has diuretic effects, but may cause kidney damage at large doses.

• ketamine

  Monitor Closely (1)ketamine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• ketoprofen

  Monitor Closely (3)ketoprofen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketoprofen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and ketoprofen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ketoprofen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and ketorolac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  ketorolac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ketorolac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ketorolac intranasal

  Monitor Closely (3)ketorolac intranasal decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and ketorolac intranasal both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  ketorolac intranasal increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ketorolac intranasal by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• L-methylfolate

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of L-methylfolate by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• labetalol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and labetalol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  labetalol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and labetalol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• lasmiditan

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol increases effects of lasmiditan by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Lasmiditan has been associated with a lowering of heart rate (HR). In a drug interaction study, addition of a single 200-mg dose of lasmiditan to propranolol decreased HR by an additional 5 bpm compared to propranolol alone, for a mean maximum of 19 bpm.

• levalbuterol

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol increases and levalbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  levalbuterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of levalbuterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)levalbuterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• levobetaxolol

  Minor (1)levobetaxolol increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• levodopa

  Monitor Closely (2)levodopa increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider decreasing dosage of antihypertensive agent.
  
  levodopa increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider decreasing dosage of antihypertensive agent.

• lily of the valley

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of lily of the valley by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Increased risk of cardiac toxicity due to K+ depletion.

• liraglutide

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of liraglutide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Thiazide diuretics can decrease insulin sensitivity thereby leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Monitor glycemic control especially when initiating, discontinuing, or increasing thiazide diuretic dose.

• lithium

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of lithium by decreasing elimination. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lofexidine

  Serious - Use Alternative (2)lofexidine, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with other drugs that decrease pulse or blood pressure to mitigate risk of excessive bradycardia and hypotension.
  
  lofexidine, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration with other drugs that decrease pulse or blood pressure to mitigate risk of excessive bradycardia and hypotension.

• lornoxicam

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and lornoxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  lornoxicam increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  lornoxicam decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of lornoxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• losartan

  Monitor Closely (3)losartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, losartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  losartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• lurasidone

  Monitor Closely (2)lurasidone increases effects of bisoprolol by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased risk of hypotension with concurrent use. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose of antihypertensive agent as needed.
  
  lurasidone increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Potential for increased risk of hypotension with concurrent use. Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose of antihypertensive agent as needed.

• magnesium chloride

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium chloride by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium citrate

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium citrate by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium hydroxide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium oxide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium oxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• magnesium sulfate

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium sulfate by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• maitake

  Monitor Closely (1)maitake increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of hypokalemia (theoretical interaction).Minor (1)maitake increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• maraviroc

  Monitor Closely (1)maraviroc, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

• mavacamten

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol, mavacamten. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Expect additive negative inotropic effects of mavacamten and other drugs that reduce cardiac contractility.

• meclofenamate

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and meclofenamate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meclofenamate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  meclofenamate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of meclofenamate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mefenamic acid

  Monitor Closely (3)mefenamic acid decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  mefenamic acid increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and mefenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of mefenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mefloquine

  Monitor Closely (1)mefloquine increases levels of bisoprolol by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of arrhythmia.

• melatonin

  Minor (1)melatonin decreases toxicity of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Melatonin may correct beta blocker induced sleep disturbances.

• meloxicam

  Monitor Closely (3)meloxicam decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and meloxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  meloxicam increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of meloxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• memantine

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of memantine by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mesalamine

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of mesalamine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metaproterenol

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of metaproterenol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and metaproterenol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  metaproterenol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)metaproterenol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• metformin

  Minor (2)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of metformin by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of metformin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• methotrexate

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of methotrexate by decreasing elimination. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased myelosuppression.

• methoxsalen

  Monitor Closely (1)methoxsalen, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Additive photosensitizing effects.

• methyclothiazide

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol increases and methyclothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor. .

• methyl aminolevulinate

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)hydrochlorothiazide, methyl aminolevulinate. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Each drug may increase the photosensitizing effect of the other.

• methylphenidate transdermal

  Monitor Closely (1)methylphenidate transdermal decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Use Caution/Monitor.

• methylprednisolone

  Minor (1)methylprednisolone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• metipranolol ophthalmic

  Minor (1)metipranolol ophthalmic increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metolazone

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol increases and metolazone decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide and metolazone both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of metolazone by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metoprolol

  Monitor Closely (3)hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by Other (see comment). Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Comment: May cause idiosyncratic reaction, resulting in acute transient myopia and acute angle-closure glaucoma, which can lead to permanent vision loss.
  
  bisoprolol and metoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  metoprolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and metoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• midodrine

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of midodrine by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• miglitol

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of miglitol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• minoxidil

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases effects of minoxidil by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mometasone inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)mometasone inhaled increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Corticosteroids may increase hypokalemic effect of loop diuretics.

• moxisylyte

  Monitor Closely (1)moxisylyte and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• mycophenolate

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of mycophenolate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• nabumetone

  Monitor Closely (3)nabumetone increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nabumetone decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and nabumetone both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of nabumetone by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nadolol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and nadolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  nadolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and nadolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• nafcillin

  Monitor Closely (1)nafcillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• naproxen

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and naproxen both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  naproxen decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  naproxen increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of naproxen by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nateglinide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of nateglinide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• nebivolol

  Monitor Closely (2)nebivolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and nebivolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and nebivolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• neostigmine

  Minor (1)bisoprolol, neostigmine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive bradycardia.

• nicardipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, nicardipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nifedipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, nifedipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nimodipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, nimodipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nisoldipine

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, nisoldipine. Either decreases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Both drugs lower blood pressure.

• nitroglycerin rectal

  Monitor Closely (2)nitroglycerin rectal, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Beta-blockers blunt the reflex tachycardia produced by nitroglycerin without preventing its hypotensive effects. If beta-blockers are used with nitroglycerin in patients with angina pectoris, additional hypotensive effects may occur.
  
  nitroglycerin rectal, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Observe for possible additive hypotensive effects during concomitant use. .

• noni juice

  Minor (2)bisoprolol and noni juice both increase serum potassium. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  noni juice increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• norepinephrine

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  norepinephrine and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and norepinephrine decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (2)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of norepinephrine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. May decrease responsiveness to norepinephrine but not enough to preclude effectiveness of the pressor agent therapeutic use.
  
  norepinephrine, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• octacosanol

  Minor (2)octacosanol increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  octacosanol increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ofloxacin

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of ofloxacin by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• oliceridine

  Monitor Closely (1)oliceridine decreases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Opioids can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing the release of antidiuretic hormone. Monitor for signs of diminished diuresis and/or effects on blood pressure and increase dosage of the diuretic as needed. .

• olmesartan

  Monitor Closely (3)olmesartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, olmesartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  olmesartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• olodaterol inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide and olodaterol inhaled both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• oxaprozin

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and oxaprozin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  oxaprozin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  oxaprozin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of oxaprozin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• oxymetazoline topical

  Monitor Closely (1)oxymetazoline topical increases and bisoprolol decreases sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• parecoxib

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and parecoxib both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  parecoxib increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  parecoxib decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of parecoxib by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• penbutolol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and penbutolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  penbutolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and penbutolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• penicillin G aqueous

  Monitor Closely (1)penicillin G aqueous, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of penicillin G aqueous by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• penicillin VK

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of penicillin VK by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pentobarbital

  Monitor Closely (1)pentobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of pentobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• phenobarbital

  Monitor Closely (1)phenobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of phenobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• phenoxybenzamine

  Monitor Closely (1)phenoxybenzamine and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• phentolamine

  Monitor Closely (1)phentolamine and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• physostigmine

  Minor (1)bisoprolol, physostigmine. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive bradycardia.

• pilocarpine

  Minor (1)pilocarpine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pindolol

  Monitor Closely (2)pindolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and pindolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and pindolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pioglitazone

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of pioglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• piperacillin

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of piperacillin by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pirbuterol

  Monitor Closely (3)pirbuterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol decreases effects of pirbuterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and pirbuterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)pirbuterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• piroxicam

  Monitor Closely (3)piroxicam decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  piroxicam increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and piroxicam both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of piroxicam by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• pivmecillinam

  Monitor Closely (1)pivmecillinam, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• ponesimod

  Monitor Closely (1)ponesimod and bisoprolol both increase pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Beta-blockers may have additive effects on lowering HR. Consider resting HR before initiating ponesimod in patients on stable dose of beta-blocker. Refer to the ponesimod prescribing information for more dosing information.

• porfimer

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide, porfimer. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Enhanced photosensitivity.

• potassium acid phosphate

  Monitor Closely (2)potassium acid phosphate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  bisoprolol and potassium acid phosphate both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium chloride

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and potassium chloride both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  potassium chloride increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• potassium citrate

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and potassium citrate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  potassium citrate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• prazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)prazosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• prednisolone

  Minor (1)prednisolone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• prednisone

  Minor (1)prednisone, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• primidone

  Monitor Closely (1)primidone decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of primidone. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• probenecid

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of probenecid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• procainamide

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of procainamide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• propofol

  Monitor Closely (1)propofol, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• propranolol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and propranolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  propranolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and propranolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• quinidine

  Monitor Closely (1)quinidine will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• quinine

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of quinine by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• reishi

  Minor (2)reishi increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  reishi increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• repaglinide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of repaglinide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• rifampin

  Minor (1)rifampin decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• rivastigmine

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol increases toxicity of rivastigmine by pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Additive bradycardia effect may result in syncope.

• rose hips

  Minor (1)rose hips will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• rosiglitazone

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of rosiglitazone by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• sacubitril/valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol, sacubitril/valsartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sacubitril/valsartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• salicylates (non-asa)

  Monitor Closely (3)salicylates (non-asa) decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and salicylates (non-asa) both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  salicylates (non-asa) increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of salicylates (non-asa) by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• salmeterol

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of salmeterol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  salmeterol and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and salmeterol decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)salmeterol, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• salsalate

  Monitor Closely (3)salsalate increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  salsalate decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  bisoprolol and salsalate both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of salsalate by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• saquinavir

  Monitor Closely (1)saquinavir, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Use alternatives if available. Increased risk of PR prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias.

• saxagliptin

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of saxagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• secobarbital

  Monitor Closely (1)secobarbital decreases levels of bisoprolol by increasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Consider a higher beta-blocker dose during coadministration of secobarbital. Atenolol, sotalol, nadolol less likely to be affected than other beta blockers.

• sevoflurane

  Monitor Closely (1)sevoflurane, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• shark cartilage

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide, shark cartilage. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: May lead to hypercalcemia (theoretical).

• shepherd's purse

  Minor (2)shepherd's purse, bisoprolol. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Theoretically, shepherd's purse may interfere with BP control.
  
  shepherd's purse, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Theoretically, shepherd's purse may interfere with BP control.

• sildenafil

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol increases effects of sildenafil by additive vasodilation. Use Caution/Monitor. Sildenafil has systemic vasodilatory properties and may further lower blood pressure in patients taking antihypertensive medications. Monitor blood pressure response to sildenafil in patients receiving concurrent blood pressure lowering therapy.

• silodosin

  Monitor Closely (1)silodosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• siponimod

  Monitor Closely (1)siponimod, bisoprolol. Either increases effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Caution when siponimod is initiated in patients receiving beta-blocker treatment because of additive effects on lowering heart rate. Temporary interruption of beta-blocker may be needed before initiating siponimod. Beta-blocker treatment can be initiated in patients receiving stable doses of siponimod.

• sitagliptin

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of sitagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• sodium bicarbonate

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium bicarbonate decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• sodium citrate/citric acid

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium citrate/citric acid decreases levels of bisoprolol by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate

  Monitor Closely (1)sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Coadministration with medications that cause fluid and electrolyte abnormalities may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment.

• sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide and sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycol both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• sotalol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and sotalol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sotalol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and sotalol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• spironolactone

  Monitor Closely (2)spironolactone increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  bisoprolol and spironolactone both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• squill

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases toxicity of squill by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Comment: Potassium depletion may enhance toxicity of squill.

• succinylcholine

  Monitor Closely (2)succinylcholine increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and succinylcholine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• sulfadiazine

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of sulfadiazine by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfamethoxazole

  Minor (3)sulfamethoxazole will increase the level or effect of hydrochlorothiazide by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of sulfamethoxazole by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, sulfamethoxazole. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hyponatremia.

• sulfasalazine

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and sulfasalazine both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sulfasalazine decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  sulfasalazine increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of sulfasalazine by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulfisoxazole

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases levels of sulfisoxazole by unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sulindac

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol and sulindac both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sulindac increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  sulindac decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of sulindac by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tadalafil

  Monitor Closely (2)tadalafil increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.
  
  tadalafil increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of hypotension.

• telmisartan

  Monitor Closely (3)telmisartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol, telmisartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  telmisartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• temocillin

  Monitor Closely (1)temocillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• terazosin

  Monitor Closely (1)terazosin and bisoprolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.

• terbutaline

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol decreases effects of terbutaline by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and terbutaline decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  terbutaline and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (2)hydrochlorothiazide, terbutaline. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Additive hypokalemic effects.
  
  terbutaline, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Hypokalemia.

• theophylline

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol, theophylline. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Beta blockers (esp. non selective) antagonize theophylline effects, while at the same time increasing theophylline levels and toxicity (mechanism: decreased theophylline metabolism). Smoking increases risk of interaction.

• ticarcillin

  Monitor Closely (1)ticarcillin, hydrochlorothiazide. Either increases levels of the other by decreasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• timolol

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and timolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  timolol increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.Serious - Use Alternative (1)bisoprolol and timolol both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• tizanidine

  Minor (2)tizanidine increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypotension.
  
  tizanidine increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypotension.

• tolazamide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of tolazamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• tolbutamide

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of tolbutamide by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• tolfenamic acid

  Monitor Closely (3)tolfenamic acid decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  tolfenamic acid increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and tolfenamic acid both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of tolfenamic acid by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolmetin

  Monitor Closely (3)tolmetin decreases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Long term (>1 wk) NSAID use. NSAIDs decrease prostaglandin synthesis.
  
  tolmetin increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and tolmetin both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of tolmetin by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tolvaptan

  Monitor Closely (2)tolvaptan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol and tolvaptan both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• toremifene

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide, toremifene. Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Thiazide diuretics decrease renal calcium excretion and may increase risk of hypercalcemia in patients taking toremifene.

• torsemide

  Monitor Closely (2)torsemide and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  bisoprolol increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• treprostinil

  Minor (2)treprostinil increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  treprostinil increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tretinoin

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)hydrochlorothiazide, tretinoin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased phototoxicity.

• tretinoin topical

  Serious - Use Alternative (1)hydrochlorothiazide, tretinoin topical. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Increased phototoxicity.

• triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension

  Minor (1)triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension, hydrochlorothiazide. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hypokalemia, especially with strong glucocorticoid activity.

• triamterene

  Monitor Closely (2)bisoprolol and triamterene both increase serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.
  
  triamterene increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of triamterene by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• trientine

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of trientine by increasing renal clearance. Use Caution/Monitor.

• trilostane

  Minor (1)trilostane, hydrochlorothiazide. Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown. Comment: Trilostane reduces K+ loss while maintaining the natriuretic effect. Mechanism: inhibition of mineralocorticoid steroid synthesis.

• trimethoprim

  Minor (2)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of trimethoprim by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.
  
  hydrochlorothiazide, trimethoprim. Mechanism: unspecified interaction mechanism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of hyponatremia.

• umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Electrocardiographic changes and/or hypokalemia associated with non?potassium-sparing diuretics may worsen with concomitant beta-agonists, particularly if recommended dose is exceeded

• valganciclovir

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of valganciclovir by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• valsartan

  Monitor Closely (3)bisoprolol, valsartan. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor. Risk of fetal compromise if given during pregnancy.
  
  valsartan and bisoprolol both increase serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  valsartan increases and hydrochlorothiazide decreases serum potassium. Effect of interaction is not clear, use caution. Use Caution/Monitor.

• verapamil

  Monitor Closely (1)bisoprolol and verapamil both increase anti-hypertensive channel blocking. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely.Serious - Use Alternative (1)verapamil, bisoprolol. Either increases toxicity of the other by unspecified interaction mechanism. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Can increase risk of bradycardia.Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of verapamil by basic (cationic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• verteporfin

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide, verteporfin. Mechanism: pharmacodynamic synergism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Increased phototoxicity.

• vilanterol/fluticasone furoate inhaled

  Monitor Closely (1)vilanterol/fluticasone furoate inhaled and hydrochlorothiazide both decrease serum potassium. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Beta-agonists may acutely worsen ECG changes and/or hypokalemia resulting from non-potassium-sparing diuretics

• vildagliptin

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide decreases effects of vildagliptin by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown. Thiazide dosage >50 mg/day may increase blood glucose.

• vitamin D

  Monitor Closely (1)hydrochlorothiazide increases effects of vitamin D by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Comment: Combination may increase hypercalcemic effect of vitamin D analogs. Use with caution.

• willow bark

  Minor (1)hydrochlorothiazide will increase the level or effect of willow bark by acidic (anionic) drug competition for renal tubular clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• xipamide

  Monitor Closely (2)xipamide increases effects of hydrochlorothiazide by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.
  
  xipamide increases effects of bisoprolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. Use Caution/Monitor.

• yohimbe

  Minor (1)bisoprolol decreases toxicity of yohimbe by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Minor/Significance Unknown.