Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia may be found in people with HIV who acquired their HIV infection via sexual transmission or who are not practicing safe sex, but they are not considered opportunistic infections.
When an individual's immune system is damaged to the degree that significant opportunistic infections begin to develop, the person is considered to have AIDS. The general frequency of these infections and conditions varies from rare to common, but all are uncommon or mild in immunocompetent persons. Opportunistic infections and conditions include:
Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, or lungs
Candidiasis, esophageal
Cervical cancer, invasive
Coccidioidomycosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary
Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal (duration > 1 month)
Cytomegalovirus disease (other than liver, spleen, or nodes)
Cytomegalovirus retinitis (with vision loss)
Encephalopathy, HIV-related
Herpes simplex: chronic ulcer or ulcers (duration > 1 month) or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis
Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (duration > 1 month)
Kaposi sarcoma
Lymphoma, Burkitt (or equivalent term)
Lymphoma, immunoblastic (or equivalent term)
Lymphoma, primary, of the brain
Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium kansasii infection, disseminated or extrapulmonary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, any site (pulmonary or extrapulmonary)
Mycobacterium infection with other species or unidentified species, disseminated or extrapulmonary
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumonia, recurrent
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Salmonella septicemia, recurrent
Toxoplasmosis of the brain
Wasting syndrome due to HIV infection
Learn more about the pathophysiology of HIV and its relationship to opportunistic conditions.
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Cite this: Michael Stuart Bronze, Nicholas J. Bennett. Fast Five Quiz: How Much Do You Know About HIV? - Medscape - May 10, 2021.
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