Fast Five Quiz: ADPKD Management

Figure 1. Colored coronal abdominal MRI showing a patient's polycystic left kidney (red/black, upper right). The kidney is enlarged by the presence of many cysts (black). The normal kidney shape is shown by the right kidney (orange, upper left), which sits below the liver (green). The spine, consisting of alternating vertebrae (blocks, brown) and intervertebral discs (dark blue), runs down the center of the image.

Dietary salt restriction has been shown to be beneficial in the management of ADPKD and is recommended for all patients with ADPKD. For example, the CRISP trial indicated an association between urine sodium excretion, a surrogate marker for dietary sodium, and the rate of increase in total kidney volume (TKV) at comparatively early stages of the disease. Increased urinary sodium was associated with accelerated cyst growth. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urine sodium excretion, and 24-hour urine osmolality also affected TKV. In the HALT-PKD trial, dietary sodium was significantly associated with TKV increase (study A) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline (study B), whereas higher potassium intake was associated with less TKV increase (study A) or eGFR decline (study B).

According to Carriazo and colleagues, a low-protein diet has not been shown to slow the rate of ADPKD progression and can lead to malnutrition and increased mortality. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference on ADPKD did not endorse any specific protein intake for patients with ADPKD and instead referred clinicians to the 2012 KDIGO guideline on CKD, which recommends lowering protein intake to 0.8 g/kg/d when the eGFR is < 30 mL/min/1.73 m².

Increased water intake has been hypothesized to slow kidney cyst growth. Two water intake trials — the DRINK feasibility trial and the PREVENT-ADPKD trial — are expected to help illuminate the feasibility, compliance, and impact of efforts at increasing water intake among patients with ADPKD.

Learn more about the management of ADPKD.

Any views expressed above are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the views of WebMD or Medscape.

Cite this: Neera K. Dahl, Maryam Gondal. Fast Five Quiz: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Management - Medscape - Sep 08, 2022.

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